2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors

2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors offers comprehensive coverage of recent design and development (including processing and fabrication) of 2D materials in the context of plasmonic-based devices. It provides a thorough overview of the basic principles and techniques used in the analysis and design of 2D material-based optical sensor systems. Beginning with the basic concepts of plasmon/plasmonic sensors and mathematical modelling, the authors explain the fundamental properties of 2D materials, including Black Phosphorus (BP), Phosphorene, Graphene, Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXene's and SW-CNT. It also details the applications of these emerging materials in clinical diagnosis and their future trends. This text will be useful for practising engineers, undergraduate and postgraduate students. Key Features Presents the fundamental concepts of 2D material assisted fibre optic and prism based SPR sensor in a student-friendly manner. Includes the recent synthesis and characterization techniques of 2D materials. Provides computational results of recently discovered electronic and optical properties of the 2D materials along with their effectiveness in the field of plasmonic sensors. Presents emerging applications of novel 2D material-based plasmonic sensors in the field of chemical, bio-chemical and biosensing. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Contributors 1. Introduction of Plasmons and Plasmonics 1.1 What is Plasmonics? 1.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) 1.2.1 Different Types of Plasmon and Polariton 1.2.1.1 Polariton 1.2.1.2 Types of Polaritons 1.3 What is Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP)? 1.3.1 Drude Model 1.3.1.1 Conclusion from the Above Expression 1.3.2 Lorentz Model 1.4 Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) at Metal/Insulator Interfaces 1.5 Discussion using Fresnel's Equation 1.6 Excitation Techniques 1.7 Matrix Method for Reflectance of Multilayers 1.8 Sensing Principle of SPR 1.8.1 Dual-mode SPR Sensor 1.8.2 Main Concept 1.8.3 Sensing Response of Dual-mode SPR Sensors 1.9 Performance Parameters of the SPR Sensor 1.9.1 Sensor Sensitivity 1.9.2 Linearity 1.9.3 Resolution 1.9.4 Accuracy 1.9.5 Limit of Detection 1.10 Outline of Book References 2. Fundamental Optical Properties of 2D Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Bandgap Structures 2.3 Optical Band and Characterization 2.4 Excitons, Confinement Effect 2.5 Anisotropic Optical Properties 2.6 Challenges to Realize an Experimental 2D Material SPR-Based Sensor 2.6.1 Synthesis and Properties of 2D Materials 2.6.2 Transfer Process of 2D Materials 2.7 Assemble a Uniform Layer or Multilayer of 2D Materials on Metal Surfaces 2.7.1 Physical Properties and Crystal Structure 2.7.2 Recent Advancements in the Synthesis of 2D TMDCs 2.8 Surface Modification for Specific Agent Detection 2.8.1 Surface Material and Modification Methods for the Detection of Biological Agents 2.8.2 Surface Material and Modification Methods for the Detection of Chemical Agents References 3. Theoretical Design and Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance Chemical Sensors Assisted by 2D Materials 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Excitation of Surface Plasmons in Different Materials 3.2.1 Excitation of Surface Plasmons by Light 3.2.2 Otto Configuration 3.2.3 Kretschmann-Raether Configuration 3.3 SPR Phenomenon for Chemical Sensing for Au/BP/Ag/Graphene Configuration 3.4 SPR Phenomenon for Chemical Sensing Using the WSe2 Layer 3.5 Blue Phosphorene/MoS2 Heterostructure-Based SPR Chemical Sensor Using Gold Metal References 4. Black Phosphorus: Narrow Gap and Wide Application in SPR Sensors 4.1 Introduction 4.2 History of Black Phosphorus (BP) and Phosphorene 4.2.1 Synthesis and Characterization 4.2.2 Optical Properties 4.2.2.1 Linear Properties 4.2.2.2 Nonlinear Properties 4.3 Application of BP in SPR Sensors 4.3.1 Electronics Applications 4.3.2 Biosensing Applications 4.4 Summary References 5. MXene as a 2D Material for the Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Background 5.2.1 Materials and Methods 5.2.1.1 Synthesis of MAX Phases 5.2.1.2 Chemical Treatments of Phases of MAX 5.2.1.2.a Molten Salt Treatments 5.2.1.2.b Fluorination Treatments 5.2.1.2.c Wet Chemical Treatments 5.3 Practical Applications in SPR Sensors 5.4 Summary References 6. Introduction to Carbon Nanotube 2D Layer Assisted by Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Growth Method of Thin Layer 6.3 Optical Properties of CNT Structures 6.4 Applications of CNTs Supported by SPR in Different Fields 6.4.1 Gas Sensor 6.4.2 Chemical Sensor 6.5 Advantages over Other Material-Based Sensors 6.6 Summary References 7. Recent Trends of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) Material for SPR Sensors 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Properties of TMDCs 7.1.1.1 Mechanical Properties 7.1.1.2 Thermal Conductivity 7.1.1.3 Thermoelectric Properties 7.1.1.4 Optical Properties 7.1.1.5 Electric Transport 7.2 History of TMDCs 7.3 Challenges of TMDC 7.3.1 Top-Down Method 7.3.1.1 Mechanical Exfoliation Process 7.3.1.2 Liquid Exfoliation Process 7.3.1.3 Electrochemical Exfoliation Process 7.3.2 Bottom-Up Methods 7.3.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition 7.3.2.2 Hydrothermal Synthesis 7.3.3 Layer Transfer Method 7.4 Classification of TMDC Materials 7.5 TMDC Material with SPR Phenomena and Application 7.6 Summary References 8. Application of SPR Sensors for Clinical Diagnosis 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Detection of Glucose 8.3 Detection of Uric Acid 8.4 Detection of Ascorbic Acid 8.5 Protein Detection 8.6 DNA/RNA Detection 8.7 Detection of Other Biomolecules 8.8 Detection of Microorganisms 8.9 Summary References 9. Future Trends of Emerging Materials in SPR Sensing 9.1 Principle of Sensors 9.1.1 2D Nanomaterials: Structures and Their Properties 9.1.2 Architectures and Synthesis Process of 2D Nanoflakes 9.1.3 Different Composition of Sensing Layer 9.2 Application in Physical Sensing 9.3 Application in Mining Industries 9.4 Applications in Biomedical Industries 9.5 Applications in Structural Health Monitoring 9.6 Summary References Index "This book offers comprehensive coverage of recent design and development of 2D materials in the context of plasmonic-based devices. It provides a thorough overview of the basic principles and techniques used in the analysis and design of 2D material-based optical sensor systems, and it explains the fundamental properties of 2D materials"-- Provided by publisher