3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice (Usability)

The Complete, Up-To-Date Guide to Building Great 3D User Interfaces for Any Application 3D interaction is suddenly everywhere. But simply using 3D input or displays isn't enough: 3D interfaces must be carefully designed for optimal user experience. 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is today's most comprehensive primary reference to building state-of-the-art 3D user interfaces and interactions. Five pioneering researchers and practitioners cover the full spectrum of emerging applications, techniques, and best practices. The authors combine theoretical foundations, analysis of leading devices, and empirically validated design guidelines. This edition adds two new chapters on human factors and general human-computer interaction—indispensable foundational knowledge for building any 3D user interface. It also demonstrates advanced concepts at work through two running case studies: a first-person VR game and a mobile augmented reality application. Coverage Includes 3D user interfaces: evolution, elements, and roadmaps Key applications: virtual and augmented reality (VR, AR), mobile/wearable devices What 3D UI designers should know about human sensory systems and cognition ergonomics How proven human-computer interaction techniques apply to 3D UIs 3D UI output hardware for visual, auditory, and haptic/ tactile systems Obtaining 3D position, orientation, and motion data for users in physical space 3D object selection and manipulation Navigation and wayfinding techniques for moving through virtual and physical spaces Changing application state with system control techniques, issuing commands, and enabling other forms of user input Strategies for choosing, developing, and evaluating 3D user interfaces Utilizing 2D, “magic,” “natural,” multimodal, and two-handed interaction The future of 3D user interfaces: open research problems and emerging technologies Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword to the Second Edition Foreword to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgments About the Authors Part I: Foundations of 3D User Interfaces 1 Introduction to 3D User Interfaces 1.1 What Are 3D User Interfaces? 1.2 Why 3D User Interfaces? 1.3 Terminology 1.4 Application Areas 1.5 Conclusion 2 3D User Interfaces: History and Roadmap 2.1 History of 3D UIs 2.2 Roadmap to 3D UIs 2.3 Scope of this Book 2.4 Introduction to Case Studies 2.5 Conclusion Part II: Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction Basics 3 Human Factors Fundamentals 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Information Processing 3.3 Perception 3.4 Cognition 3.5 Physical Ergonomics 3.6 Guidelines 3.7 Conclusion Recommended Reading 4 General Principles of Human–Computer Interaction 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Understanding the User Experience 4.3 Design Principles and Guidelines 4.4 Engineering the User Experience 4.5 Conclusion Recommended Reading Part III: Hardware Technologies for 3D User Interfaces 5 3D User Interface Output Hardware 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Visual Displays 5.3 Auditory Displays 5.4 Haptic Displays 5.5 Characterizing Displays by Level of Fidelity 5.6 Design Guidelines: Choosing Output Devices for 3D User Interfaces 5.7 Case Studies 5.8 Conclusion Recommended Reading 6 3D User Interface Input Hardware 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Traditional Input Devices 6.3 3D Spatial Input Devices 6.4 Complementary Input for 3D User Interfaces 6.5 Special-Purpose Input Devices 6.6 Do It Yourself (DIY) Input Devices 6.7 Choosing Input Devices for 3D User Interfaces 6.8 Case Studies 6.9 Conclusion Recommended Reading Part IV: 3D Interaction Techniques 7 Selection and Manipulation 7.1 Introduction 7.2 3D Manipulation Tasks 7.3 Classifications for 3D Manipulation 7.4 Grasping Metaphors 7.5 Pointing Metaphors 7.6 Surface Metaphors 7.7 Indirect Metaphors 7.8 Bimanual Metaphors 7.9 Hybrid Metaphors 7.10 Other Aspects of 3D Manipulation 7.11 Design Guidelines 7.12 Case Studies 7.13 Conclusion Recommended Reading 8 Travel 8.1 Introduction 8.2 3D Travel Tasks 8.3 Classifications for 3D Travel 8.4 Walking Metaphors 8.5 Steering Metaphors 8.6 Selection-Based Travel Metaphors 8.7 Manipulation-Based Travel Metaphors 8.8 Other Aspects of Travel Techniques 8.9 Wayfinding in 3D Environments 8.10 Design Guidelines 8.11 Case Studies 8.12 Conclusion Recommended Reading 9 System Control 9.1 Introduction 9.2 System Control Issues 9.3 Classification 9.4 Physical Controllers 9.5 Graphical Menus 9.6 Voice Commands 9.7 Gestural Commands 9.8 Tools 9.9 Multimodal Techniques 9.10 Design Guidelines 9.11 Case Studies 9.12 Conclusion Recommended Reading Part V: Designing and Developing 3D User Interfaces 10 Strategies in Designing and Developing 3D User Interfaces 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Designing for Humans 10.3 Inventing 3D User Interfaces 10.4 Design Guidelines 10.5 Case Studies 10.6 Conclusion Recommended Reading 11 Evaluation of 3D User Interfaces 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Evaluation Methods for 3D UIs 11.3 Evaluation Metrics for 3D UIs 11.4 Characteristics of 3D UI Evaluations 11.5 Classification of Evaluation Methods 11.6 Three Multimethod Approaches 11.7 Guidelines for 3D UI Evaluation 11.8 Case Studies 11.9 Conclusion Recommended Reading Acknowledgment Part VI: THE FUTURE OF 3D INTERFACES 12 The Future of 3D User Interfaces 12.1 User Experience with 3D Displays 12.2 3D UI Design 12.3 3D UI Development and Evaluation 12.4 3D UIs in the Real World 12.5 Applications of 3D UIs Bibliography Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 3D interaction is suddenly everywhere. But simply using 3D input or displays isnt enough: 3D interfaces must be carefully designed for optimal user experience. 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is todays most comprehensive primary reference to building state-of-the-art 3D user interfaces and interactions. Five pioneering researchers and practitioners cover the full spectrum of emerging applications, techniques, and best practices. The authors combine theoretical foundations, analysis of leading devices, and empirically validated design guidelines. This edition adds two new chapters on human factors and general human-computer interactionindispensable foundational knowledge for building any 3D user interface. It also demonstrates advanced concepts at work through two running case studies: a first-person VR game and a mobile augmented reality application. Coverage Includes 3D user interfaces: evolution, elements, and roadmaps Key applications: virtual and augmented reality (VR, AR), mobile/wearable devices What 3D UI designers should know about human sensory systems and cognition ergonomics How proven human-computer interaction techniques apply to 3D UIs 3D UI output hardware for visual, auditory, and haptic/ tactile systems Obtaining 3D position, orientation, and motion data for users in physical space 3D object selection and manipulation Navigation and wayfinding techniques for moving through virtual and physical spaces Changing application state with system control techniques, issuing commands, and enabling other forms of user input Strategies for choosing, developing, and evaluating 3D user interfaces Utilising 2D, magic, natural, multimodal, and two-handed interaction The future of 3D user interfaces: open research problems and emerging technologies From video games to mobile augmented reality, 3D interaction is everywhere. But simply choosing to use 3D input or 3D displays isn't 3D user interfaces (3D UIs) must be carefully designed for optimal user experience. 3D User Theory and Practice, Second Edition is today's most comprehensive primary reference to building outstanding 3D UIs. Four pioneers in 3D user interface research and practice have extensively expanded and updated this book, making it today's definitive source for all things related to state-of-the-art 3D interaction. This edition goes far beyond VR, covering the full spectrum of emerging applications for 3D UIs, and presenting an extraordinary array of pioneering techniques and technologies. The authors combine theoretical foundations, analysis of devices and techniques, empirically validated design guidelines, and much more. Throughout each chapter, they illustrate key concepts with running case studies on gaming, mobile AR, and robot teleoperation. You'll find authoritative, accessible coverage of all this, and much "From video games to mobile augmented reality, 3D interaction is everywhere. But simply choosing to use 3D input or 3D displays isn't enough: 3D user interfaces (3D UIs) must be carefully designed for optimal user experience. 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is today's most comprehensive primary reference to building outstanding 3D UIs. Four pioneers in 3D user interface research and practice have extensively expanded and updated this book, making it today's definitive source for all things related to state-of-the-art 3D interaction."--Publisher's website