A Heat Transfer Textbook, Third Edition

This textbook is an introduction to heat and mass transfer oriented toward engineering students. The subjects covered include heat conduction, forced and natural convection, thermal radiation, boiling, condensation, heat exchangers, and mass transfer. The book includes worked examples and end-of-chapter exercises. The third edition (2003) has been extensively revised and updated from the old second edition (1987). A Heat Transfer Textbook, 3/e......Page 1 Titlepage......Page 5 Preface......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 I The General Problem of Heat Exchange......Page 13 1.1 Heat transfer......Page 15 1.2 Relation of heat transfer to thermodynamics......Page 18 1.3 Modes of heat transfer......Page 22 1.5 Problems......Page 47 Problems......Page 49 References......Page 58 2.1 The heat diffusion equation......Page 61 2.2 Solutions of the heat diffusion equation......Page 70 2.3 Thermal resistance and the electrical analogy......Page 74 2.4 Overall heat transfer coefficient, U......Page 90 Problems......Page 98 References......Page 108 3.1 Function and configuration of heat exchangers......Page 111 3.2 Evaluation of the mean temperature difference in a heat exchanger......Page 115 3.3 Heat exchanger effectiveness......Page 132 3.4 Heat exchanger design......Page 138 Problems......Page 141 References......Page 148 II Analysis of Heat Conduction......Page 151 4.1 The well-posed problem......Page 153 4.2 The general solution......Page 155 4.3 Dimensional analysis......Page 162 4.4 An illustration of dimensional analysis in a complex steady conduction problem......Page 171 4.5 Fin design......Page 175 Problems......Page 195 References......Page 202 5.1 Introduction......Page 205 5.2 Lumped-capacity solutions......Page 206 5.3 Transient conduction in a one-dimensional slab......Page 215 5.4 Temperature-response charts......Page 220 5.5 One-term solutions......Page 230 5.6 Transient heat conduction to a semi-infinite region......Page 232 5.7 Steady multidimensional heat conduction......Page 247 5.8 Transient multidimensional heat conduction......Page 259 Problems......Page 264 References......Page 277 III Convective Heat Transfer......Page 279 6.1 Some introductory ideas......Page 281 6.2 Laminar incompressible boundary layer on a flat surface......Page 288 6.3 The energy equation......Page 304 6.4 The Prandtl number and the boundary layer thicknesses......Page 308 6.5 Heat transfer coefficient for laminar, incompressible flow over a flat surface......Page 312 6.6 The Reynolds analogy......Page 323 6.7 Turbulent boundary layers......Page 325 6.8 Heat transfer in turbulent boundary layers......Page 334 Problems......Page 342 References......Page 350 7.1 Introduction......Page 353 7.2 Heat transfer to and from laminar flows in pipes......Page 354 7.3 Turbulent pipe flow......Page 367 7.4 Heat transfer surface viewed as a heat exchanger......Page 379 7.5 Heat transfer coefficients for noncircular ducts......Page 382 7.6 Heat transfer during cross flow over cylinders......Page 386 7.7 Other configurations......Page 396 Problems......Page 398 References......Page 405 8.1 Scope......Page 409 8.2 The nature of the problems of film condensation and of natural convection......Page 410 8.3 Laminar natural convection on a vertical isothermal surface......Page 413 8.4 Natural convection in other situations......Page 428 8.5 Film condensation......Page 440 Problems......Page 455 References......Page 464 9.1 Nukiyama's experiment and the pool boiling curve......Page 469 9.2 Nucleate boiling......Page 476 9.3 Peak pool boiling heat flux......Page 484 9.4 Film boiling......Page 498 9.5 Minimum heat flux......Page 500 9.6 Transition boiling and system influences......Page 501 9.7 Forced convection boiling in tubes......Page 508 9.8 Forced convective condensation heat transfer......Page 517 9.9 Dropwise condensation......Page 518 9.10 The heat pipe......Page 521 Problems......Page 525 References......Page 529 IV Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer......Page 535 10.1 The problem of radiative exchange......Page 537 10.2 Kirchhoff's law......Page 545 10.3 Radiant heat exchange between two finite black bodies......Page 548 10.4 Heat transfer among gray bodies......Page 561 10.5 Gaseous radiation......Page 575 10.6 Solar energy......Page 586 Problems......Page 596 References......Page 604 V Mass Transfer......Page 607 11.1 Introduction......Page 609 11.2 Mixture compositions and species fluxes......Page 612 11.3 Diffusion fluxes and Fick's law......Page 620 11.4 Transport properties of mixtures......Page 626 11.5 The equation of species conservation......Page 639 11.6 Mass transfer at low rates......Page 647 11.7 Steady mass transfer with counterdiffusion......Page 660 11.8 Mass transfer coefficients at high rates of mass transfer......Page 666 11.9 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer......Page 675 Problems......Page 685 References......Page 697 VI Appendices......Page 701 A Some thermophysical properties of selected materials......Page 703 References......Page 706 B Units and conversion factors......Page 733 References......Page 734 C Nomenclature......Page 737 Citation Index......Page 745 Subject Index......Page 751 Heat and Mass Transfer A Heat Transfer Textbook, 3/e 1 Titlepage 5 Preface 7 Contents 9 I The General Problem of Heat Exchange 13 1 Introduction 15 1.1 Heat transfer 15 1.2 Relation of heat transfer to thermodynamics 18 1.3 Modes of heat transfer 22 1.4 A look ahead 47 1.5 Problems 47 Problems 49 References 58 2 Heat conduction concepts, thermal resistance, and the overall heat transfer coefficient 61 2.1 The heat diffusion equation 61 2.2 Solutions of the heat diffusion equation 70 2.3 Thermal resistance and the electrical analogy 74 2.4 Overall heat transfer coefficient, U 90 2.5 Summary 98 Problems 98 References 108 3 Heat exchanger design 111 3.1 Function and configuration of heat exchangers 111 3.2 Evaluation of the mean temperature difference in a heat exchanger 115 3.3 Heat exchanger effectiveness 132 3.4 Heat exchanger design 138 Problems 141 References 148 II Analysis of Heat Conduction 151 4 Analysis of heat conduction and some steady one-dimensional problems 153 4.1 The well-posed problem 153 4.2 The general solution 155 4.3 Dimensional analysis 162 4.4 An illustration of dimensional analysis in a complex steady conduction problem 171 4.5 Fin design 175 Problems 195 References 202 5 Transient and multidimensional heat conduction 205 5.1 Introduction 205 5.2 Lumped-capacity solutions 206 5.3 Transient conduction in a one-dimensional slab 215 5.4 Temperature-response charts 220 5.5 One-term solutions 230 5.6 Transient heat conduction to a semi-infinite region 232 5.7 Steady multidimensional heat conduction 247 5.8 Transient multidimensional heat conduction 259 Problems 264 References 277 III Convective Heat Transfer 279 6 Laminar and turbulent boundary layers 281 6.1 Some introductory ideas 281 6.2 Laminar incompressible boundary layer on a flat surface 288 6.3 The energy equation 304 6.4 The Prandtl number and the boundary layer thicknesses 308 6.5 Heat transfer coefficient for laminar, incompressible flow over a flat surface 312 6.6 The Reynolds analogy 323 6.7 Turbulent boundary layers 325 6.8 Heat transfer in turbulent boundary layers 334 Problems 342 References 350 7 Forced convection in a variety of configurations 353 7.1 Introduction 353 7.2 Heat transfer to and from laminar flows in pipes 354 7.3 Turbulent pipe flow 367 7.4 Heat transfer surface viewed as a heat exchanger 379 7.5 Heat transfer coefficients for noncircular ducts 382 7.6 Heat transfer during cross flow over cylinders 386 7.7 Other configurations 396 Problems 398 References 405 8 Natural convection in single-phase fluids and during film condensation 409 8.1 Scope 409 8.2 The nature of the problems of film condensation and of natural convection 410 8.3 Laminar natural convection on a vertical isothermal surface 413 8.4 Natural convection in other situations 428 8.5 Film condensation 440 Problems 455 References 464 9 Heat transfer in boiling and other phase-change configurations 469 9.1 Nukiyama's experiment and the pool boiling curve 469 9.2 Nucleate boiling 476 9.3 Peak pool boiling heat flux 484 9.4 Film boiling 498 9.5 Minimum heat flux 500 9.6 Transition boiling and system influences 501 9.7 Forced convection boiling in tubes 508 9.8 Forced convective condensation heat transfer 517 9.9 Dropwise condensation 518 9.10 The heat pipe 521 Problems 525 References 529 IV Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer 535 10 Radiative heat transfer 537 10.1 The problem of radiative exchange 537 10.2 Kirchhoff's law 545 10.3 Radiant heat exchange between two finite black bodies 548 10.4 Heat transfer among gray bodies 561 10.5 Gaseous radiation 575 10.6 Solar energy 586 Problems 596 References 604 V Mass Transfer 607 11 An introduction to mass transfer 609 11.1 Introduction 609 11.2 Mixture compositions and species fluxes 612 11.3 Diffusion fluxes and Fick's law 620 11.4 Transport properties of mixtures 626 11.5 The equation of species conservation 639 11.6 Mass transfer at low rates 647 11.7 Steady mass transfer with counterdiffusion 660 11.8 Mass transfer coefficients at high rates of mass transfer 666 11.9 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer 675 Problems 685 References 697 VI Appendices 701 A Some thermophysical properties of selected materials 703 References 706 B Units and conversion factors 733 References 734 C Nomenclature 737 Citation Index 745 Subject Index 751 Heat transfer,mass transfer,textbook,thermal engineering,lienhard