Advanced Materials and Engineering Technologies (Advanced Structured Materials, 162)

This book reports on various real-world and global engineering problems while touching on evolving design strategies. The chapters were selected from the 2nd International Conference on Marine and Advanced Technologies 2021 (ICMAT 2021). The papers discuss best practice and theory in relation to multi-disciplinary approaches in materials engineering technology. Among the topics are advanced materials, applied science, marine engineering and energy application. Preface Contents About the Editors 1 The Analysis of Mechanical Properties for Coconut Composites Using the Taguchi Method 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Methodology 1.3 Results and Discussion 1.4 Conclusion References 2 Subsurface Characterization of Heat Treated Subtractive and Additive Manufactured (SLM) Ti6Al4V Specimens 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Methodology 2.2.1 Milling Process (Subtractive Manufacturing—SM) 2.2.2 Selective Laser Melting—SLM (Additive Manufacturing) 2.2.3 Stress Relieving and HT—(SM and AM) 2.2.4 Finishing Process 2.2.5 Surface Characterization 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.4 Conclusion References 3 Determining the Alternative Type of Wood for Class a Fire Crib Test According to UL 2166 Standards 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methodology 3.2.1 Identification of Wood Sample 3.2.2 Study of Spruce, Fir, and Its Family 3.2.3 Pine Moisture Content Test 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Type of Wood Identification 3.3.2 Reaction of Wood to the Fire 3.3.3 Results of Pine Moisture Rate for Fire Crib Test 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Prediction of Malaysian Talus Bone Morphology Using Artificial Intelligence 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methodology 4.2.1 Procedure for Collecting Data/Measurement of Talus Bone Morphology 4.2.2 Prediction of Talus Bone Morphology via Artificial Intelligence 4.3 Result and Discussion 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Finite Element Method Study: The Effect of Insertion Torque and Angle on Pedicle Screw Loosening 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methodology 5.2.1 Finite Element Method 5.2.2 Finite Element Model Validation 5.2.3 Insertion Angle 5.2.4 Insertion Torque 5.3 Result and Discussion 5.3.1 The Effect of Insertion Angle on Screw-Bone Performance 5.3.2 The Effect of Insertion Torque on Screw-Bone Performance 5.4 Conclusion References 6 The Effect of PLA/HA Coating Thickness on Crack Formation and Corrosion Performance 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methodology 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion References 7 Rudder Stock Vibration in Different Materials on Boat Hulls 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methodology 7.2.1 Experimental Planning 7.2.2 Development of the Experiment 7.2.3 Method to Collect Data 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Natural Superhydrophobic Material as Alternative Substance in Antifouling Paint 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methodology 8.2.1 Procedures 8.2.2 Experimental Planning 8.2.3 Parameters of the Experiment 8.2.4 Data Table 8.2.5 Method of Collecting Data 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.4 Conclusion References 9 Analysis of Safety of Navigation Compliance among Flag of Convenience’s Ships that Factors of Ship Collision and Grounding: A Review 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Flag of Convenience 9.1.2 Major Cause of Accident at Sea 9.2 Results and Discussion 9.3 Conclusion References 10 A Portable Hydro Generator for Fishing Boats 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methodology 10.2.1 Experimental Parameters 10.2.2 Development of the Experiment 10.2.3 Method of Collecting Data 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.3.1 Sources of Data 10.3.2 Result of Experiment 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Natural Oleophilic Materials Study for Oil Pollution at Estuaries 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Methodology 11.2.1 Parameter 11.2.2 Raw Materials 11.2.3 Preparation of Material 11.2.4 Flowchart of Experiment 11.2.5 Method of Data Collection 11.3 Results and Discussion 11.4 Conclusion References 12 Mushroom House Monitoring System at Pondok Seri Permai, Pasir Puteh, Kelantan 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methodology 12.3 Software Implementation 12.4 Result and Discussion 12.5 Conclusion References 13 The Effect of Hilbert Curve Pattern Intensity in ASTM D638 Type III on Stress Concentration and Cyclic Application 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Methodology 13.3 Results and Discussion 13.4 Conclusion References 14 Sound Vibration Signal Enhancement for Bearing Fault Detection by Using Adaptive Filter: Adaptive Noise Canceling and Adaptive Line Enhancer 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Methodology 14.2.1 Theory 14.2.2 Simulation Work 14.2.3 Experimental Works 14.3 Results and Discussion 14.3.1 Simulation Results 14.3.2 Experimental Results 14.4 Conclusion References 15 Effect of Needle Size and Needle Height to Substrate in Encapsulation Process of LED Packaging 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Methodology 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.4 Conclusion References 16 Microstructure Observation and Microhardness Study of Friction Stir Welded Blank of Aluminum to Steel 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Methodology 16.3 Results and Discussion 16.3.1 Macrostructure 16.3.2 Microstructure 16.3.3 Intermetallic Compound 16.3.4 Microhardness 16.4 Conclusion References 17 A Study on the Electromagnetic Radiation in Human Head Tissues on 5G Mobile Exposure 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Methodology 17.3 Results and Discussion 17.4 Conclusion References 18 Design of Green Ship Recycling Yards: A Review 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Ship Recycling Process 18.3 Ship Recycling Method 18.4 Ship Recycling Yard Facilities and Layout 18.5 Current Issues and Research in Green Ship Recycling Yards 18.6 Summary References 19 Passenger’s Behavior Recognition System Using Computer Vision 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Materials and Methods 19.3 Results 19.4 Discussion 19.5 Conclusion References 20 A Review of WSN Clustering Algorithms for Low Powered IoT Protocols 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Clustering Challenge 20.3 Methodology 20.3.1 Low Energy Adaption Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) 20.3.2 Hybrid Energy Efficient Distribution Clustering (HEED) 20.3.3 K-Means Algorithms 20.3.4 Formation of an Equal Size Cluster 20.3.5 Cluster Connectivity to Sink 20.4 Conclusion References 21 Electrochemical Activities of C/GNP Electrode for Ultrasensitive Immunosensors 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Methodology 21.3 Results and Discussion 21.4 Conclusion References 22 Development of an Atmospheric Drinking Water Generator 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Methodology 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusion References 23 Development of Mobile Applications for Monitoring and Managing Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Methodology 23.2.1 Analysis Phase 23.2.2 Design Phase 23.2.3 Development Phase 23.2.4 Implementation Phase 23.2.5 Evaluation 23.3 Results and Discussion 23.4 Conclusion References 24 IoT-Based Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System Using SAMD21 ARM Cortex Processor 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Methodology 24.3 Results and Discussion 24.4 Conclusion References 25 The Development of a Fish Counting Monitoring System Using Image Processing 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Methodology 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion References 26 NodeMCU Based Monitoring System for Individuals with Covid-19 Self-quarantined Order 26.1 Introduction 26.2 System Description 26.3 Results and Discussion 26.4 Conclusion References 27 Women Safety Device with Real-Time Monitoring 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Analysis of the Previous Works 27.3 Methodology 27.4 Results and Discussion 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Experiencing Layout Design Techniques from Highly Skilled IC Design Engineers 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Project Methodology 28.3 The Full Custom Layout Design Flow 28.4 Layout Design Stages and Issues 28.4.1 Floorplanning 28.4.2 Wire Size for Power Grid 28.4.3 Wire Direction 28.4.4 Bond Pad Placement 28.4.5 Metal Density 28.4.6 Matching 28.4.7 Transistor Arrangement 28.4.8 Fingering 28.5 Layout of Battery Switchover IC (BSIC) Chip 28.6 Conclusion References 29 Development of Blynk IoT Platform Weather Information Monitoring System 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Methodology 29.2.1 Project Development 29.2.2 Hardware Component 29.2.3 Software Development 29.3 Results and Discussion 29.4 Conclusion References 30 IoT Based Home Security for Housing Areas 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Methodology 30.2.1 Hardware Setup 30.2.2 Circuit Diagram 30.2.3 Flow Chart 30.3 Results and Discussion 30.3.1 User View Mode 30.3.2 Administrative Mode 30.4 Conclusion References 31 Malay Cued Speech Recognition Using Image Analysis: A Review 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Literature Review on Cued Speech 31.2.1 Existing Cued Speech Transliterate System 31.2.2 Depth Sensor Camera 31.2.3 Finger Tracking 31.2.4 Glove-Based 31.3 Requirement of Cued Speech Recognition 31.3.1 System Overview 31.3.2 Proposed Method 31.3.3 Dataset, Test, and Evaluation 31.4 Conclusion References 32 The Analysis on Haze Attenuation in 5G Millimeter Wave: A Case Study 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Analysis of Previous Works 32.3 Methodology 32.4 Results and Discussion 32.5 Conclusion References 33 Performance of Propagation for Millimetre-Wave Frequency: Case Study 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Methodology 33.2.1 Simulation Workflow 33.2.2 Antenna Characterisation for the Mobile User Antenna 33.2.3 Antenna Characterisation for the Base Station 33.2.4 Prediction Parameter for the Propagation Simulation 33.3 Results and Discussion 33.3.1 Return Loss and Antenna Pattern for the Antenna Design 33.3.2 Propagation Performance 33.4 Conclusion References 34 Uninterruptible Power Supply System Configuration Reliability Studies 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) Method 34.2.1 DC UPS system—With Generator 34.2.2 DC UPS System—Without Generator 34.3 Results and Discussion 34.3.1 DC UPS MTBF Comparison 34.3.2 Battery Back-Up Time (T) 34.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis of DC UPS MTBF 34.3.4 Probability of Failures 34.3.5 Unavailability Comparison 34.4 Conclusion References 35 Mock-Up Green Building Thermal Comfort Studies 35.1 Introduction 35.1.1 Impact of Building Material on Building Thermal Comfort 35.2 Methodology 35.3 Results and Discussion 35.4 Conclusion References