Advanced Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (Intelligent Systems Reference Library Book 139)

This book focuses on emerging technologies in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) namely efficient information dissemination between vehicles, infrastructures, pedestrians and public transportation systems. It covers the state-of-the-art of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), with centralized and decentralized (Peer-to-Peer) communication architectures, considering several application scenarios. With a detailed treatment of emerging communication paradigms, including cross networking℗ℓ and distributed algorithms. Unlike most of the existing books, this book presents a multi-layer overview of information dissemination systems, from lower layers (MAC) to high layers (applications). All those aspects are investigated considering the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones/tablets and embedded systems, i.e. technologies that during last years completely changed the current market, the user expectations, and communication networks. The presented networking paradigms are supported and validated by means of extensive simulative analysis and real field deployments in different application scenarios. This book represents a reference for professional technologist, postgraduates and researchers in the area of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), wireless communication and distributed systems.℗ℓ℗ℓ This book focuses on emerging technologies in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) namely efficient information dissemination between vehicles, infrastructures, pedestrians and public transportation systems. It covers the state-of-the-art of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), with centralized and decentralized (Peer-to-Peer) communication architectures, considering several application scenarios. With a detailed treatment of emerging communication paradigms, including cross networking℗l and distributed algorithms. Unlike most of the existing books, this book presents a multi-layer overview of information dissemination systems, from lower layers (MAC) to high layers (applications). All those aspects are investigated considering the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones/tablets and embedded systems, i.e. technologies that during last years completely changed the current market, the user expectations, and communication networks. The presented networking paradigms are supported and validated by means of extensive simulative analysis and real field deployments in different application scenarios. This book represents a reference for professional technologist, postgraduates and researchers in the area of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), wireless communication and distributed systems.℗l℗l Foreword; Preface; Contents; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Principles and Challenges; 1.2 Standardization History and Open Issues; 1.2.1 Worldwide Standardization Process; 1.2.2 European Vision; 1.2.3 American Vision; 1.3 ITS Architecture; 1.3.1 A Global Standardization Effort; 1.3.2 ISO/ETSI ITS Station Architecture; 1.3.3 WAVE Station Architecture; 1.4 ITS Applications; 1.4.1 Traffic Information Services; 1.5 Chapter Outlines; References; 2 Communication Paradigms and Literature Analysis; 2.1 Vehicular Networks; 2.1.1 Terminology and Definition; 2.1.2 Key Challenges in Vehicular Networks 3.2.2 Performance Metrics of Interest3.3 Average Distribution of Poisson Points in a Segment with Finite Length; 3.4 A Quick Overview of the IEEE 802.11b Standard ; 3.4.1 The IEEE 802.11 Standard; 3.4.2 Physical Layer; 3.4.3 MAC Layer; 3.4.4 Main IEEE 802.11 Parameters; 3.5 Probabilistic Broadcast Protocols with Silencing; 3.5.1 Preliminaries Considerations; 3.5.2 Polynomial Broadcast Protocol; 3.5.3 Silencing Irresponsible Forwarding; 3.6 A Recursive Analytical Performance Evaluation Framework; 3.6.1 Local (Single Transmission Domain) Performance Analysis with a Given Number of Nodes 4.3.1 Information Dissemination Through Multihop Communications4.3.2 A Push/Pull Dissemination Approach; 4.3.3 Securing X-NETAD; 4.4 Application Design and Implementation on Android Smartphones; 4.4.1 System Overview and Challenges; 4.4.2 Message Structure and Dissemination Protocol; 4.4.3 System Architecture; 4.5 Experimental Results; 4.5.1 Metrics of Interest; 4.5.2 Preliminary Results; 4.5.3 Tests in Ideal Static Scenarios; 4.5.4 Tests in a Mobile Scenario; 4.5.5 Discussion; References; 5 Novel Distributed Algorithms for Intelligent Transportation Systems; 5.1 Introduction 2.1.3 Network Topology2.2 Vehicle-to-X Communications; 2.2.1 Key Features of a V2X Communication Protocol; 2.2.2 Vehicle-to-X Communication Paradigms; 2.3 Centralized Client/Server Technologies; 2.4 Decentralized and Peer-to-Peer Systems; 2.5 Enabling Technologies; 2.5.1 Cellular Networks; 2.5.2 WiFi and WiFi Direct; 2.5.3 IEEE 802.11p and WAVE; 2.5.4 ETSI ITS Protocol Stack; References; 3 Wireless Communications for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks; 3.1 Information Dissemination in Loosely-Coupled VANETs; 3.2 Multihop Broadcast Protocols; 3.2.1 Reference Scenario 3.6.2 Global Performance Analysis with Fixed Number of Nodes3.6.3 Generalization to a PPP-Based Scenario; 3.7 Performance Analysis in Realistic Scenarios; 3.7.1 Polynomial Protocol; 3.7.2 Silencing Irresponsible Forwarding; 3.7.3 Comparison with Benchmark Protocols; 3.7.4 Highway-Style Scenarios; 3.8 VANETs as Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks; 3.8.1 System Model; 3.8.2 Clustered VANET Creation and IVCs; References; 4 Hierarchical Architecture for Cross Layer ITS Communications; 4.1 The Big Picture; 4.2 Related Works; 4.3 Cross-network Information Flow Front Matter....Pages i-xx Introduction....Pages 1-19 Communication Paradigms and Literature Analysis....Pages 21-50 Wireless Communications for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks....Pages 51-89 Hierarchical Architecture for Cross Layer ITS Communications....Pages 91-119 Novel Distributed Algorithms for Intelligent Transportation Systems....Pages 121-199 Back Matter....Pages 201-238