Advances in Animal Genomics

Advances in Animal Genomics provides an outstanding collection of integrated strategies involving traditional and modern - omics (structural, functional, comparative and epigenomics) approaches and genomics-assisted breeding methods which animal biotechnologists can utilize to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in the complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock. Written by international experts on animal genomics, this book explores the recent advances in high-throughput, next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches which have enabled to produce huge genomic and transcriptomic resources globally on a genome-wide scale. This book is an important resource for researchers, students, educators and professionals in agriculture, veterinary and biotechnology sciences that enables them to solve problems regarding sustainable development with the help of current innovative biotechnologies. Integrates basic and advanced concepts of animal biotechnology and presents future developments Describes current high-throughput next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches for sustainable livestock production Illustrates integrated strategies to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock Ensures readers will gain a strong grasp of biotechnology for sustainable livestock production with its well-illustrated discussion Front Cover Advances in Animal Genomics Advances in Animal Genomics Copyright Dedication Contents Contributors Preface KEY FEATURES OF THE BOOK ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK Acknowledgments 1 - Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Branches of animal genomics 1.2.1 Structural genomics 1.2.2 Functional genomics 1.2.3 Epigenomics 1.2.4 Metagenomics 1.2.5 Pharmacogenomics 1.3 Genetic markers used in animal genomics 1.3.1 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 1.3.2 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) 1.3.3 Microsatellites 1.3.4 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1.4 Techniques used in creating transgenic animals 1.4.1 Microinjection 1.4.2 Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) 1.4.3 Artificial chromosome transfer 1.4.4 Embryonic stem (ES) cell-based cloning and transgenesis 1.4.5 Viral vector-mediated DNA transfer 1.5 Application of animal genomics 1.5.1 Livestock breeding industry 1.5.2 Transgenic animal 1.5.3 Gene therapy 1.5.4 Superovulation 1.5.5 Improving hair and fiber 1.5.6 Disease resistant animals 1.5.7 Nutritious food 1.6 Conclusion References Further reading 2 - From gene to genomics: tools for improvement of animals 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Genes 2.2.1 Chromosome structure and organization 2.2.2 Gene structure and organization 2.2.2.1 Eukaryotic gene 2.2.2.2 Prokaryotic gene 2.3 Genome 2.3.1 Anatomy of the eukaryotic genome 2.3.1.1 Gene and gene-related sequences 2.3.1.1.1 Exons (protein-coding regions) 2.3.1.1.2 Regulating sequences 2.3.1.1.3 Introns 2.3.1.1.4 Gene fragments 2.3.1.1.5 Pseudogenes 2.3.2 Sequencing genomes 2.3.2.1 Shotgun approach 2.3.2.2 Clone contig approach or clone by clone approach 2.3.3 The methodology for DNA sequencing 2.3.3.1 Chemical method (Maxam-Gilbert sequencing) 2.3.3.2 Chain termination method or dideoxy method (Sanger's method) 2.3.3.3 Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods or high-throughput sequencing (HTS) 2.3.4 The Human Genome Projects 2.3.5 Genomic libraries 2.3.6 cDNA libraries 2.4 Genomics 2.4.1 Types of genomics 2.4.1.1 Structural 2.4.1.2 Functional 2.4.1.3 Comparative 2.4.1.3.1 Exon shuffling 2.4.1.3.2 Genome similarity 2.4.1.3.3 Gene order comparison 2.4.1.3.4 Horizontal gene transfer 2.4.1.3.5 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 2.4.1.3.6 Phylogenetic footprinting 2.5 Evolution of animal genomics 2.5.1 Mapping genomes 2.5.1.1 Genetic mapping 2.5.1.2 Physical mapping 2.5.2 Regulation of gene expression 2.5.2.1 Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes 2.5.2.1.1 Chromatin structure 2.5.2.1.2 Initiation of transcription 2.5.2.1.3 Post-transcriptional processing 2.5.2.1.4 Initiation of translation 2.5.2.1.5 Post-translational processing 2.5.2.2 Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 2.5.2.2.1 Catabolite-regulation 2.5.2.2.2 Transcriptional attenuation 2.6 Role of genomics in animal improvement 2.7 Conclusions References 3 - Stem cells: a potential regenerative medicine for treatment of diseases 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Totipotent stem cells 3.1.2 Pluripotent stem cells 3.1.3 Multipotent stem cells 3.1.4 Oligopotent stem cells 3.1.5 Unipotent stem cells 3.2 History of stem cells 3.2.1 Types of stem cells 3.2.1.1 Embryonic stem cells 3.2.1.2 Adult stem cells 3.2.1.3 Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) 3.3 Materials and methods 3.3.1 Cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells for a long time for further use 3.3.2 Characterization of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3.3.3 Confirmation for the presence of MSCs on wound areas of treated animals 3.3.4 Isolation of ovarian surface epithelium cells for generation of oocytes 3.3.5 Characterization of OSE-derived primordial germ cell-like structure 3.4 Applications of embryonic and adult stem cells 3.4.1 Study of diseases and how they develop 3.4.2 Stem cells: a model for screening, discovery, and development of drugs 3.4.3 Transgenic animal production 3.4.4 Therapeutic cloning 3.4.5 Regenerative medicine 3.5 Current clinical applications of adult mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine 3.5.1 Treatment of massive wounds of animals 3.5.2 Mastitis treatment 3.5.3 Metritis and endometritis 3.5.4 Bone fracture and orthopedic defects 3.5.5 Spinal cord injury 3.5.6 Treatment of dogs 3.5.7 Blood stem cell transplantation 3.5.8 Burn therapy 3.5.9 Corneal regeneration 3.5.10 Immunomodulatory disease treatments 3.5.11 Neurodegenerative diseases 3.5.12 Liver diseases 3.5.13 Cardiac related diseases 3.5.14 Treatment of diabetes with MSCs 3.5.15 Treatment of cancer with MSCs 3.6 Challenges of stem cells 3.6.1 Stem cells in reproduction and infertility 3.6.2 Testis xenografting 3.6.3 Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation 3.6.4 Spermatogonial stem cells as a source for fertility restoration 3.6.5 Generation of oocytes from ovarian surface epithelium for regenerative medicine 3.7 Conclusion References 4 - Alternative transcriptome analysis to build the genome-phenome bridges in animals 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Modern sequencing platforms and transcriptome profiling strategies 4.2.1 High-throughput sequencing technologies 4.2.2 RNA sequencing 4.2.3 5′-end sequencing 4.2.4 3′-end sequencing 4.2.5 Isoform sequencing 4.2.6 Single-cell RNA sequencing 4.3 Genome-wide profiling of ATS and APA sites 4.3.1 WTSS-seq and WTTS-seq design 4.3.2 Characterization of ATS and APA sites 4.3.3 WTSS-seq and WTTS-seq: mutual validation 4.3.4 Advantages of WTTS-seq over RNA-seq 4.4 Genome to phenome via alternative transcriptome 4.4.1 Alternative transcriptome: bridges between genome and phenome 4.4.2 Alternative transcriptome: interactions with gene biotypes 4.4.3 Alternative transcriptome: alteration under gene knockouts 4.4.4 Alternative transcriptome: responses to a high-fat diet 4.4.5 Alternative transcriptome: the future of genome biology Acknowledgments References 5 - RNA sequencing: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Transcriptional landscape: regulatory RNAs 5.3 Transcriptome sequencing 5.3.1 RNA isolation, reverse transcription and library preparation 5.3.2 Sequencing platforms 5.3.3 Analysis of the transcriptional landscape 5.3.3.1 Raw reads 5.3.3.2 Read alignment 5.3.3.3 Transcript assembly 5.3.4 Differential gene expression analysis 5.3.5 Alternatively-spliced transcript analysis 5.3.6 Allele specific expression 5.3.7 Fused gene analysis 5.3.8 Small RNA analysis 5.3.9 Expression quantitative trait loci analysis 5.4 Future perspectives References 6 - Targeted genome editing: a new era in molecular biology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Homologous recombination 6.2.1 Scientific/clinical significance 6.3 Endonucleases/zinc-finger nucleases 6.3.1 Scientific/clinical significance 6.4 Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS) 6.4.1 Scientific/clinical significance 6.5 CRISPR-Cas9 6.5.1 Origin of CRISPR-Cas9 6.5.2 Underlying mechanism 6.6 Scientific advantage/applications 6.7 Clinical aspect 6.7.1 Limitations 6.8 Ethical concerns 6.9 Conclusion References 7 - RNAi for livestock improvement 7.1 Introduction 7.2 History behind RNAi 7.3 Versatility of RNA molecule 7.4 Mechanism of RNAi 7.5 Pathways of RNA silencing 7.5.1 Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) 7.5.2 Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) 7.6 The miRNA pathway 7.7 piRNA 7.8 Transgenesis in livestock improvement 7.9 RNAi in livestock 7.10 Transgenic expression of RNAi-inducing molecules 7.11 Applications of RNAi in livestock 7.12 RNAi in functional genomics 7.12.1 RNA therapeutics 7.12.2 Molecular insights into stem cell biology and genetic engineering 7.12.3 Toward environmentally friendly farm animals 7.13 Challenges 7.14 Conclusions References Further reading 8 - Microbial metagenomics: potential and challenges 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Metagenome and metagenomics 8.2.1 Habitat selection 8.2.2 Sampling 8.2.3 Macromolecule recovery 8.3 Next-generation sequencing (NGS) to explore microbial communities 8.3.1 Pyrosequencing 8.3.1.1 Ion Torrent sequencing 8.3.1.2 Illumina technology 8.3.1.3 PacBio RS and Oxford Nanopore 8.3.2 Reconstructing the genomic content of the microbial community from NGS data 8.3.3 Amplicon sequencing analyses 8.3.4 Shotgun metagenomics 8.3.4.1 Assessment of taxonomy based on markers 8.3.4.2 The binning strategy 8.4 Bioprospecting of metagenomes 8.4.1 Sequence-based analyses 8.4.2 Function-based analyses 8.4.2.1 Metagenomic DNA extraction 8.4.2.1.1 Direct DNA extraction 8.4.2.1.2 Freeze/thaw 8.4.2.1.3 Indirect DNA extraction 8.4.2.2 Library preparation 8.4.2.3 Screening 8.5 Applications of metagenomics 8.5.1 Biocatalysts and metagenomics 8.5.1.1 Xylanases 8.5.1.2 Proteases 8.5.1.3 Lipases 8.5.1.4 Amylases 8.5.1.5 Cellulases 8.5.2 Metagenomics and pharmaceuticals 8.5.3 Metagenomics and biosurfactants 8.5.4 Metagenomics and biodegradation 8.6 Conclusions and future perspectives References 9 - Molecular markers and its application in animal breeding 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Quantitative and molecular genetics 9.3 Molecular markers 9.3.1 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 9.3.1.1 Principle of RFLP 9.3.1.2 RFLP technique 9.3.1.3 Applications of RFLP 9.3.1.4 Limitations of RFLP 9.3.2 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) 9.3.2.1 Principle of RAPD 9.3.2.2 RAPD technique 9.3.2.3 Applications of RAPD 9.3.2.4 Limitations of RAPD 9.3.3 Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) 9.3.3.1 Principle of AFLP 9.3.3.2 AFLP technique 9.3.3.3 Applications of AFLP 9.3.3.4 Limitations of AFLP 9.3.4 Microsatellites 9.3.4.1 Applications of microsatellites 9.3.4.2 Limitations of microsatellites 9.3.5 Minisatellites 9.3.6 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 9.3.6.1 Methods of SNP 9.3.6.2 Applications of SNP 9.3.7 Allozyme markers 9.3.7.1 Applications 9.3.8 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 9.3.8.1 Functions and uses of mtDNA 9.3.8.2 Maternal transmission 9.3.8.3 Heteroplasmy 9.3.8.4 Recombination 9.3.8.5 Applications of mtDNA markers 9.3.9 DNA barcoding markers 9.3.9.1 Animal identification by DNA barcoding 9.4 Marker assisted selection (MAS) 9.4.1 Applications of MAS 9.5 Conclusion References Further reading 10 - Genomic selection: a molecular tool for genetic improvement in livestock 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Conventional selection 10.3 Selection - the major tool for genetic improvement 10.4 Principles of selection 10.5 Natural selection 10.6 Artificial selection 10.7 Selection for additive gene action 10.8 Selection for multiple alleles 10.9 Selection for epistasis 10.10 Selection intensity 10.11 Generation interval 10.12 Selection accuracy 10.13 Phenotypic value 10.14 Breeding value 10.15 Population mean 10.16 Average effect 10.17 Dominance deviation 10.18 Genetic control on production traits 10.19 Genetic control on reproductive traits 10.20 Genetic control on embryonic mortality in dairy cows 10.21 Marker assisted selection 10.22 MAS versus conventional selection 10.23 Whole-genome selection 10.24 Principle of genomic selection 10.25 Estimation of genomic breeding value 10.26 Factors influencing genomic selection 10.27 Present status of genomic selection in livestock breeding schemes 10.28 Prospects of genomic selection in cattle and buffaloes in India 10.29 Genetic gain by genomic selection 10.30 Methods of genomic selection 10.31 Advantage of genomic selection over conventional breeding 10.32 Reabilities (r2v) of EBV and regression coefficient (REG) of corrected phenotypic values 10.33 Genomic evaluations in developing versus developed countries 10.34 Genomic selection in developed countries 10.35 Genome-wide signatures for selection using molecular genomic tools 10.35.1 SNP Chip 10.36 Functional genomics in fertility traits 10.37 Approaches for developing disease tolerant livestock 10.38 Candidate genes for disease resistance for milk production 10.39 Production of disease-resistant genetically modified livestock 10.39.1 Dominant negative proteins 10.39.2 Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) 10.39.3 Ribonucleic acid decoys 10.39.4 Animal pharming 10.39.5 Antibodies 10.40 CRISPR 10.41 RNA editing 10.42 Disease treatment 10.43 Conclusion References 11 - Gene therapy 11.1 Genes 11.2 Gene therapy 11.3 Use of gene therapy 11.4 Types of gene therapy: somatic and germline 11.5 Types of vectors 11.6 Techniques of gene therapy 11.7 History of human gene therapy 11.8 CRISPR gene editing 11.9 Gene therapy in animals 11.9.1 Large animal disease models 11.9.2 Strategies, methods, and vectors for gene transfer 11.9.3 Gene therapy for the treatment of AIDS in animals 11.9.4 Brain cancer 11.9.5 The plastic bubble disease 11.9.6 Cure for blindness 11.10 Some other potential uses of gene therapy 11.11 Safety issues of gene therapy 11.11.1 Ethical and moral concerns surrounding gene therapy 11.12 Conclusion References 12 - Nanobiotechnology in animal production and health 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Quantum dot nanoparticles 12.3 Carbon-based nanoparticles 12.4 Dendrimers nanoparticles 12.5 Liposomes nanoparticles 12.6 Metal and metal oxides nanoparticles 12.7 Polymeric nanoparticles 12.8 Conclusions Acknowledgment References Further reading 13 - Cell signaling and apoptosis in animals 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Cell signaling in animals 13.3 Classification of cell signaling in animal cells 13.3.1 Autocrine 13.3.2 Paracrine 13.3.3 Endocrine 13.3.4 Signaling through direct contact 13.4 Signaling receptors 13.4.1 Intracellular signaling receptors 13.4.2 Cell- surface signaling receptors 13.4.2.1 G-protein-coupled signaling receptor (GPCR) 13.4.2.2 Ligand-gated ion channels 13.4.2.3 Enzyme-linked receptors 13.4.2.4 Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) 13.5 Second messengers in animal cell signaling 13.6 Pathways of cell signaling 13.7 Computational mapping of animal cell signaling 13.8 Apoptosis 13.9 Classification of cell death in animal cells 13.9.1 Autophagy 13.9.2 Necrosis 13.10 Cellular and biochemical feature of apoptotic cells 13.11 Apoptosis: proteins and signaling pathways 13.12 Regulatory mechanism of apoptosis in animal cells 13.13 Apoptosis deregulation and diseases 13.14 Methods of apoptosis detection 13.15 Conclusion References 14 - Molecular Network for Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases and their Translational Importance using Animal .. . 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Pathogenesis and Molecular Mapping of Neurodegenerative Diseases 14.2.1 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) 14.2.2 Parkinson's Disease (PD) 14.2.3 Huntington's Disease (HD) 14.2.4 Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 14.3 Drug Targets of Protein Aggregates in Neurodegenerative Diseases with Translational Impacts 14.4 Conclusion and Future Direction of Research Acknowledgment References 15 - Issues and policies in animal genomics 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Genomic technologies in animal husbandry 15.2 Global (transcontinental) scenario in transgenic animal research: issues and policies 15.2.1 North America 15.2.2 South America 15.2.3 Australia/Oceania 15.2.4 Europe 15.2.5 Asia 15.2.6 Africa 15.2.7 Antarctica 15.3 Genomics vis-a-vis Indian policy and regulations: current deliberations 15.3.1 Scope of guidelines 15.3.2 Classification of pathogenic microorganisms 15.3.3 Containment 15.4 Mechanism of implementation of biosafety guidelines in India 15.4.1 Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC) 15.4.2 Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) 15.4.3 Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM) 15.4.4 Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) 15.4.5 State Biotechnology Coordination Committee (SBCC) 15.4.6 District Level Committee (DLC) 15.5 Assessment of environmental risk 15.5.1 Mechanisms by which the environment may be exposed to GMO hazards 15.6 Capacity to survive, establish and disseminate 15.7 Hazards associated with the inserted gene/element 15.8 Transfer of harmful sequences between organisms 15.9 Phenotypic and genetic stability 15.10 Risk assessment for human health 15.11 Mechanisms by which the GMO could be a risk to human health 15.12 Control measures to protect human health 15.12.1 Biosafety Level (BSL) facilities 15.12.2 Different Bio Safety Level nomenclatures 15.13 Animal Bio Safety Level (ABSL) facilities 15.13.1 Operational guide for ABSL facilities 15.13.2 Types of Animal Biosafety Level facilities 15.13.2.1 Animal Bio Safety Level 1 (ABSL-1) 15.13.2.2 Animal Bio Safety Level 2 (ABSL-2) 15.13.2.3 Animal Bi Safety Level 3 (ABSL-3) 15.13.2.4 Animal Bio Safety Level 4 (ABSL-4) 15.14 Approvals and prohibitions 15.15 Conclusion Disclaimer Conflict of Interests Acknowledgments References Further reading 16 - Silkworm genomics: current status and limitations 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Genomic basis of the demographic history of the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori 16.3 Cytogenetics of the silkworm, Bombyx mori 16.4 Silkworm genomics 16.5 Silkworm genome programs 16.6 Silkworm genome sequence 16.6.1 Phase I: draft genome sequence 16.6.1.1 Japanese 3 × - genome assembly 16.6.1.1.1 Genome sequence and assembly methods 16.6.1.2 Genome sequence assembly 16.6.1.3 Detecting genes in the WGS 16.6.1.4 Chinese 6 × -genome assembly 16.6.1.4.1 Genome sequence and assembly methods 16.6.1.5 Genome sequence assembly and Gene Ontology 16.6.1.6 BAC-end sequencing 16.6.1.7 Limitations between two sequencing methods 16.7 Phase II: integrated genome sequence (http://silkworm.genomics.org.cn/) 16.8 Integration method 16.8.1 Integrated genome assembly and its characteristics 16.8.2 De novo analysis for genome organization and gene count 16.8.3 Limitations in the integrated genome assembly 16.8.4 Phase III: high-quality new genome sequence and assembly 16.8.4.1 Genome sequence and assembly methods 16.8.4.2 Bombyx genome new assembly and its characteristics 16.8.4.3 New gene models and gene families 16.8.4.4 Genome-wide analysis of genes 16.9 Genome sequence of domesticated and wild silkworm strains 16.10 Repetitive/transposable elements in the silkworm genome 16.11 Mapping silkworm genome 16.11.1 The linkage map 16.12 Genetic and molecular linkage maps 16.13 Limitations 16.13.1 Physical map by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) 16.13.1.1 Protein-gene mapping on the chromosome 16.13.2 Strategies for construction of a physical map 16.13.3 Limitations in the silkworm genome mapping 16.14 Silkworm genome resources 16.14.1 Complimentary DNA libraries (cDNA) 16.14.2 Expressed sequence tags (EST) 16.14.3 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) 16.14.4 Sequence-tagged sites (STS) 16.15 Microsatellites 16.16 Silkworm genome database and characteristics 16.16.1 KAIKObase (http://sgp.dna.affrc.go.jp/KAIKObase/) 16.16.2 SilkDB (http://www.silkdb.org) 16.17 Limitations in the application of genome data for the improvement of silkworm strains References Web references 17 - Deciphering the animal genomics using bioinformatics approaches 17.1 Introduction 17.1.1 Need for bioinformatics in animal genomics 17.1.2 Application of animal genomics 17.2 Genomic-bioinformatics processes 17.2.1 DNA sequencing 17.2.1.1 First-generation sequencing 17.2.1.2 Second-generation sequencing 17.2.1.3 Third-generation sequencing 17.2.1.4 Fourth- generation sequencing 17.2.2 Alignment 17.2.3 Genome assembly 17.2.4 Annotation 17.3 Technologies to assess gene expression 17.3.1 Differential display 17.3.2 Microarrays 17.3.3 Transcriptome and RNA sequencing 17.3.4 Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) 17.4 Tools for genomic data manipulation 17.4.1 Database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID) 17.4.2 UCSC genome bioinformatics site 17.4.3 R language and bioconductor 17.5 Animal genomes available in NCBI 17.5.1 Major genomes in aquaculture 17.5.1.1 Aqua-genomics 17.6 Databases/major genomes available in animal genomics 17.7 Popular genomes of domestic animals 17.7.1 Buffalo 17.7.2 Goat 17.7.3 Sheep 17.7.4 Cow 17.8 India on world genomes map in animal genomics 17.9 Future prospects Acknowledgment References 18 - DNA barcoding: nucleotide signature for identification and authentication of livestock 18.1 Introduction 18.2 DNA barcoding as a technique to generate nucleotide signature 18.3 DNA barcoding in livestock management 18.4 The advent of DNA barcoding 18.5 Nucleotide signature and barcode 18.6 Types of DNA barcoding 18.6.1 Meta-barcoding 18.6.2 Mini-barcoding 18.7 Methods involved in DNA barcoding 18.7.1 Extraction and purification of DNA from the samples 18.7.2 The genetic markers to barcode 18.7.3 Barcode and Polymerase Chain Reaction 18.7.4 Nucleotide/molecular signature 18.7.5 Reference libraries and databases 18.7.6 Barcoding sequence analysis 18.8 Applications of DNA barcode 18.8.1 Identification of new species 18.8.2 Advantage of DNA barcoding in livestock management 18.8.3 Cryptic species demarcation 18.8.4 Barcode-based diet analysis in animals 18.9 DNA barcode and intellectual property right (IPR) Acknowledgments References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Back Cover "[C]ollection of integrated strategies involving traditional and modern -omics (structural, functional, comparative, and epigenomics) approaches and genomics-assisted breeding methods, which animal biotechnologists can utilize to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in the complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock. Written by international experts on animal genomics, this book explores the recent advances in high-throughput next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches which have enabled production of huge genomic and transcriptomic resources globally on a genome-wide scale. This book enables researchers, students, educators, and professionals in agriculture, veterinary, and biotechnology sciences to solve problems regarding sustainable development with the help of current innovative biotechnologies such as recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering which have tremendous potential for impacting global food security, environmental health, human and animal health, and overall livelihood of mankind"--Page 4 of cover __Advances in Animal Genomics__ provides an outstanding collection of integrated strategies involving traditional and modern - omics (structural, functional, comparative and epigenomics) approaches and genomics-assisted breeding methods which animal biotechnologists can utilize to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in the complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock. Written by international experts on animal genomics, this book explores the recent advances in high-throughput, next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches which have enabled to produce huge genomic and transcriptomic resources globally on a genome-wide scale. This book is an important resource for researchers, students, educators and professionals in agriculture, veterinary and biotechnology sciences that enables them to solve problems regarding sustainable development with the help of current innovative biotechnologies.