Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIII

The ITM conference series has always had a strong spirit of cooperation under the NATO/CCMS umbrella, and with the considerable interest fram Partner countries to participate in the ITM conferences, it provides an excellent opportunity to create ties between scientists. Whereas all previous ITM conferences have taken place in NATO countries, the 23rd ITM takes place in a Cooperative Partner country, Bulgaria, and is hosted by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. This fact reflects a general wish for a closer connection and collaboration among scientists fram Partner and NATO countries. This volume contains the papers from the 23rd NATO/CCMS International Technical Meetings on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application, being held September 28 - October 2, 1998, at Riviera Holiday Club, Varna, Bulgaria. It was attended by 120 participants from 30 countries. Thanks are due to all who made it possible to plan, carry through, and follow up the meeting, and to the participants who made the conference so successful. Special thanks are due to the sponsoring institutions: ATO/CCMS EURASAP RIS0 BAS 3M NATO/CCMS - Committee on the Challenges of Modem Society EURASAP - European Association for the Science of Air Pollution RIS0 - Ris0 National Laboratory, Denmark NIMH - National Institute of Meteorology and Hydralogy, Bulgaria BAS - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 3M Representation office, Bulgaria Prestige Business Ltd. , Bulgaria The excellent collaboration with CIM (Company for International Meetings Ltd. Front Matter....Pages i-xix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 An Integrated Modeling and Observational Approach for Designing Ozone Control Strategies for the Eastern U.S.....Pages 3-18 A Regional Modelling Study of Transport Affecting the Canadian Southern Atlantic Region Oxidants....Pages 19-27 Programme of Control Concepts and Measures for Ozone (“Summer Smog”)....Pages 29-37 Impact of Special Features of Numerically Predicted and Analysed Meteorological Data on the Results of Ozone Forecast by a PBL-CTM....Pages 39-46 Modelling Photochemical Smog Episodes in Lombardy Region....Pages 47-55 Local Forecast of Low Level Ozone by Use of Cluster Methods and Fuzzy-Models....Pages 57-66 Improvements to Horizontal Transport in Grid Models....Pages 67-73 Redistribution of Carbon Monoxide in Central Africa During Biomass Burning Events (Expresso Experiment)....Pages 75-83 The Role of the Black Sea on the Long-Range Transport from Southeastern Europe Towards Middle East During Summer....Pages 85-93 Production and Transport of Ozone in Local Flows over Central Japan-Comparison of Numerical Calculation with Airborne Observation—....Pages 95-106 On the Accounting for Some Sub-Scale Effects in the Long-Range Air Pollution Modelling over a Complex Terrain....Pages 107-115 Meso-Scale Modelling of Base Cation Deposition in Sweden....Pages 117-125 Area of Influence: Identifying Regions Whose Sources Potentially Impact Downwind Air Quality....Pages 127-135 Multiblock Dispersion Modelling for Urban and Regional Scale Interactions....Pages 137-145 Introduction of a Puff-Particle Approach for Near-Source Dispersion into the Calpuff Model....Pages 147-155 The Description and Application of an Odour Dispersion Model....Pages 157-163 Development and Initial Application of the Micro-Calgrid Photochemical Model for High-Resolution Studies of Urban Environments....Pages 165-174 On the Summer Episodes of Total SO 2 Content in the Air Column over the City of Thessaloniki, Greece....Pages 175-182 Ozone Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis Using DDM-3D in a Photochemical Air Quality Model....Pages 183-194 Preliminary Simulations of the BASYS 5 Lagrange Periods with the Hilatar Model....Pages 195-203 Front Matter....Pages 205-205 Calculated Global Distribution, Radiative Forcing and Climate Response of Sulfate and Carbonaceous Aerosol Particles from Fossil Fuel Combustion....Pages 207-221 Running Large-Scale Air Pollution Models on Parallel Computers....Pages 223-232 A Long-Term Modelling of Distribution and Accumulation of the Mercury Species in the Northern Hemisphere....Pages 233-241 Inverse Traces For The Passive Pollutants....Pages 243-248 Impact of the Great China Fire of 1987 on the Tropospheric Chemistry of East Asia....Pages 249-258 A Hemispheric Dust Storm in April 1994 — Observations, Modelling And Analyses....Pages 259-267 Front Matter....Pages 269-269 Evidence For Mesoscale Influence On Long-Range Dispersion....Pages 271-279 Simulation Of The Etex First Release By Bulgarian Emergency Response Models....Pages 281-289 Evaluation Of A Simple Air Mass Trajectories Model Against Etex Data Base....Pages 291-297 On The Issue Of Quality Control In Data Assimilation....Pages 299-309 The Effect Of Unresolved Mesoscale Wind Velocity Fluctuations On Dispersion Model Results....Pages 311-320 RTMOD: A Web-Based Real-Time Statistical Evaluation Package for Long-Range Dispersion Models....Pages 321-328 Front Matter....Pages 329-329 Studying Ozone Episodes In Europe With The Danish Eulerian Model....Pages 331-338 Eddy Diffusivity Parameterization In The Decaying Convective Residual Layer....Pages 339-346 On Chemistry Affecting the Turbulent Flux and Turbulence Affecting Chemistry....Pages 347-355 Dan Analytical Model of Thermal Internal Boundary Layer Growth in Near-Neutral Onshore Flows....Pages 357-365 Secondary Pollutants Formation: Variation of Exposure Due to Quantitative Change in Energy Emissions....Pages 367-372 Sensitivity Analysis of Urban Photochemical Smog by Using a Reduced Version of an Air Quality Model....Pages 373-381 Study on Air Pollutant Dispersion in Coastal Thermal Internal Boundary Layer....Pages 383-392 Footprint Analysis from Random Walk Models — Sensitivity to Boundary Conditions....Pages 393-401 Front Matter....Pages 329-329 Towards Revision of Conventional Flux-Profile Relationships for the Stably Stratified Atmospheric Surface Layer....Pages 403-407 Double-Flux Description of the Transport of Passive Scalars in the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer....Pages 409-416 An Interscale Approach to Assess No2 and Ozone Levels in Urban Areas....Pages 417-425 Gravity Wave Stress Parameterization in a Mesoscale Model....Pages 427-435 A Skewed Puff Model....Pages 437-445 Mean Height of a Passive Plume in An Urban Convective Boundary Layer: a Large-Eddy Simulation....Pages 447-455 Clarifying the Relationship between Urban Road Structure and Air Quality Exceedences Using a Training Model....Pages 457-465 Decomposition of the Emissions and Meteorological Components of The Hourly No x Concentrations in Central London Using Artificial Neural Networks....Pages 467-474 A New Model for Flow and Dispersion in a Street-Canyon....Pages 475-483 Chaotic Advection and Geophysical Applications (A Review)....Pages 485-497 A New High Performance Version of the Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model Spray, Some Case Studies....Pages 499-507 A Method to Speed up a Lagrangian Stochastic Particle Dispersion Model....Pages 509-517 Modelling of Chemical Processes in Clouds: Scavenging and Partitioning of Species Among Gas and Liquid Phases....Pages 519-528 Front Matter....Pages 529-529 A New Model for Accidental Releases of So 3 and Oleum (Cloud Behaviour)....Pages 531-538 Dispersion from Strongly Buoyant Sources....Pages 539-547 A Model of Transport, Deposition and Re-Suspending of Hazard Pollution Released by Point Large Source and Carried by the Polydispersional Particles....Pages 549-557 Climatological Trajectory Analysis for Potential Accidents at the Kola Nuclear Power Plant....Pages 559-568 Stochastic Reconstruction of Intermittent Zero Concentration Periods in Plumes for Accidental Toxic and Flammable Releases....Pages 569-577 Front Matter....Pages 579-579 MAESTRO System 1.0 — A New Modelling System For Impact Studies Over Complex Terrain....Pages 581-588 A Verification of a New Coastal Area Dispersion Model....Pages 589-596 Front Matter....Pages 579-579 Validation of two Photochemical Numerical Systems Under Complex Mesoscale Circulations....Pages 597-604 The Use Of Satellite Based Remote Sensing Of Pollution To Define Background Concentrations For Atmospheric Models....Pages 605-612 A New Technique To Derive Mixed Layer Depth And Entrainment Zone Thickness From Lidar Profiles....Pages 613-620 Verification Of The Operational Dacfos Forecast Of Surface Ozone In Europe....Pages 621-629 Estimation Of Kolmogorov Constant C 0 From Sonic Anemometer Measurements In The Atmospheric Surface Layer....Pages 631-639 Air Pollutant Diffusion In Complex Terrain: An Application Of The Calpuff Modeling Syste....Pages 641-649 Mass Conservative Coupling of Non-Hydrostatic Meteorological Models with Air Quality Models....Pages 651-660 Modeling the Deposition of Acid Fog to High-Elevation Forests: Liquid Water Content and Sulfate Concentration....Pages 661-669 Model Validation, Science, and Application....Pages 671-678 Comparison of Model Results and Measurement Data on Long-Range Transport of P B and C D Pollution....Pages 679-685 Aerosols at Air/Water/Land Interfaces: Modelling and Measurements....Pages 687-698 Preoperational Ozone Forecasting at the Deutscher Wetterdienst....Pages 699-707 Lidar Observations of the Planetary Boundary Layer Aerosol Structure and Comparisons with in Situ Measurements and Mixed-Layer Height Model Results....Pages 709-716 Front Matter....Pages 717-717 Remotely Sensed Surface Heat Flux for Air Pollution Dispersion Studies....Pages 719-720 Study of the Effects of the Rila and Rhodope Mountains on the Mesoscale Pollution Transport....Pages 721-722 Comparison of the Capabilities of the Decpac and Rains Models As Tools For Integrated Assessment in the Energy Planning Process....Pages 723-724 Estimate of Impact on Regional Ozone Level in Ontario Due to Emissions Change of Fossil Power Generation....Pages 725-726 The Use of Scavenging Ratios in Air Pollution Transport Modelling, and Calculated Ratio Values....Pages 727-728 An Investigation of the Dynamical and Physico-Chemical Features of Desert Aerosol over West Africa and Eastern Atlantic....Pages 729-730 Coupling of Sodar Data with Simple Numerical Models....Pages 731-732 Front Matter....Pages 717-717 Parameterization of the Vertical Transports Due to the Cumulus Convection Using a Mass-Flux Scheme....Pages 733-734 An Emergency Decision Support System with Integrated Regional, Meteorological Network for Real Time Modelling of Accidental Atmospheric Releases in Complex Mountain/Valley Terrain....Pages 735-736 Measurement and Analysis of Photochemical Smog over İstanbul, Turkey....Pages 737-738 A Review of Models in Operational Use in Poland....Pages 739-740 Long Range Modelling of Pollutant Substances in the Atmosphere....Pages 741-742 Aerosol Nitrate and Non-Sea-Salt Sulfate Over the Eastern Mediterranean....Pages 743-744 Turbulence Parameterization for PBL Dispersion Models in All Stability Conditions....Pages 745-746 A Fast Advection Scheme for Atmospheric Models with Little Pseudodiffusion....Pages 747-748 A Model of Plume Advection Velocity for Dispersion in Urban Arrays....Pages 749-750 Research Project for Observation and Modelling of Urban Air Pollution in Uk West Midlands....Pages 751-752 Survey on Dispersion Models for Dangerous Substances....Pages 753-755 Monitoring of the Atmospheric Radioactivity in Bulgaria and its Possible Data Use in Modeling....Pages 757-758 Concept of a Model System for the Computation of Atmospheric Dispersion Close to Real Situations and the Immediate Assessment of the Radiation Exposure....Pages 759-760 A Dispersion Model Evaluation for Buoyant Releases....Pages 761-762 Wind Flow and Concentration Fluctuations Data Around an Obstacle: A Field Experimental Work....Pages 763-764 Emissions of Sulphur, Lead,and Benzo(a)Pyrene In Bulgaria for 1990 and 1995....Pages 765-766 Calculations of the Air Pollution and Pollutants Deposition Due to a Non-Ferrous Metal Plant....Pages 767-768 Online Coupling of Multiscale Chemistry-Transport Models with Non-Hydrostatic Meteorological Models....Pages 769-770 A Model Validation Data Set Respect to the Air Pollution Deposition in Northern Winter Conditions....Pages 771-772 Influence of the Near-Field Geometry on Field Measurements in Urban Street Canyons....Pages 773-775 Front Matter....Pages 717-717 Analysis of Industrial Plumes Superposition Effects in a Mediterranean Coastal Region....Pages 777-778 Air Pollution Studies for the Romanian Nuclear Power Plant - Cernavoda Based on the RIMPUFF Dispersion Model....Pages 779-780 Automated Meteorological Station and Appropriate Software for Air Pollution Distribution Assesment....Pages 781-782 Evaluation of Linear Wind Flow Models With Complex Terrain Field Data....Pages 783-784 Evaluation of SO 2 and NO 2 Concentration Levels in Vilnius (Lithuania) Using Passive Diffusion Samplers....Pages 785-787 Back Matter....Pages 789-815