Alien seas : oceans in space

Oceans were long thought to exist in all corners of the Solar System, from carbonated seas percolating beneath the clouds of Venus to features on the Moon's surface given names such as "the Bay of Rainbows” and the "Ocean of Storms." With the advent of modern telescopes and spacecraft exploration these ancient concepts of planetary seas have, for the most part, evaporated. But they have been replaced by the reality of something even more exotic. For example, although it is still uncertain whether Mars ever had actual oceans, it now seems that a web of waterways did indeed at one time spread across its surface. The "water" in many places in our Solar System is a poisoned brew mixed with ammonia or methane. Even that found on Jupiter's watery satellite Europa is believed similar to battery acid. Beyond the Galilean satellites may lie even more "alien oceans." Saturn's planet-sized moon Titan seems to be subject to methane or ethane rainfall. This creates methane pools that, in turn, become vast lakes and, perhaps, seasonal oceans. Titan has other seas in a sense, as large shifting areas of sand covering vast plains have been discovered. Mars also has these sand seas, and Venus may as well, along with oceans of frozen lava. Do super-chilled concoctions of ammonia, liquid nitrogen, and water percolate beneath the surfaces of Enceladus and Triton? For now we can only guess at the possibilities. 'Alien Seas' serves up part history, part current research, and part theory as it offers a rich buffet of "seas" on other worlds. It is organized by location and by the material of which various oceans consist, with guest authors penning specific chapters. Each chapter features new original art depicting alien seas, as well as the latest ground-based and spacecraft images. Original diagrams presents details of planetary oceans and related processes. In The Early Days Of Planetary Observation, Oceans Were Thought To Exist In All Corners Of The Solar System. Carbonated Seas Percolated Beneath The Clouds Of Venus. Features On The Moon's Surface Were Given Names Such As The Bay Of Rainbows” And The Ocean Of Storms. With The Advent Of Modern Telescopes And Spacecraft Exploration These Ancient Concepts Of Planetary Seas Have Been Replaced By The Reality Of Something Even More Exotic. Alien Seas Serves Up The Current Research, Past Beliefs, And New Theories To Offer A Rich Array Of The Seas On Other Worlds. It Is Organized By Location And By The Material Composing The Oceans Under Discussion, With Expert Authors Penning Chapters On Their Specialty. Each Chapter Features New Original Art Depicting Alien Seas, As Well As The Latest Ground-based And Spacecraft Images. With The Contributors As Guides, Readers Can Explore The Wild Seas Of Jupiter's Watery Satellite Europa, Believed Similar In Composition To Battery Acid. Saturn's Planet-sized Moon Titan Seems To Be Subject To Methane Or Ethane Rainfall That Become Vast Lakes And, Perhaps, Seasonal Oceans. Titan And Mars Have Seas Of Sand, Large Shifting Dunes Covering Huge Plains, While Venus May Have ‘oceans’ Of Frozen Lava. The Possibilities Are Excitingly Endless And Ripe For Exploration. Contributors: Kevin Baines Jeffrey Bennett James Cameron Michael Carroll Mona Delitsky David Grinspoon Rosaly Lopes Christopher P. Mckay Karl Mitchell Robert Pappalardo Timothy Parker Jani Radebaugh John Spencer Acknowledgments -- Foreword By James Cameron -- 1. Introduction: Oceans On Earth And Elsewhere By Michael Carroll -- Chapter 2. Chasing The Lost Oceans Of Venus By David Grinspoon -- Chapter 3. Oceans On Mars By Timothy Parker -- Chapter 4. Seas Of Molten Rock By Rosaly Lopes -- Chapter 5. Jupiter’s Water Worlds: Water Lurks Beneath The Surfaces Of Europa, Ganymede, And Callisto By Robert Pappalardo -- Chapter 6. Oceans At The Outer Limits: Enceladus, Outer Moons, Pluto By John Spencer -- Chapter 7. Sand Seas Of The Solar System By Jani Radebaugh -- Chapter 8. Exotic Seas: Titan's Methane/ethane Lakes By Karl Mitchell -- Chapter 9. The Seas Of Saturn By Kevin Baines And Mona Delitsky -- 10. The Alien Seas Of Earth: Astrobiological Implications By Chris Mckay -- Chapter 11. Seas Of The Milky Way By Jeffrey Bennett -- About The Authors. Edited By Michael Carroll, Rosaly Lopes. Chapter 1 Introduction: Oceans on Earth and Elsewhere Michael Carroll Chapter 2 Chasing the Lost Oceans of Venus David Grinspoon Chapter 3 Oceans on Mars Timothy Parker Chapter 4 Seas of Molten Rock Rosaly Lopes Chapter 5 Jupiters Water Worlds: Water Lurks Beneath the Surfaces of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto Robert T. Pappalardo Chapter 6 Oceans at the Outer Limits: Enceladus, Outer Moons, Pluto John Spencer Chapter 7 Sand Seas of the Solar System Jani Radebaugh Chapter 8 Exotic Seas: Liquid Alkanes on Titans Surface Karl L. Mitchell Chapter 9 The Seas of Saturn Kevin H. Baines and Mona L. Delitsky Chapter 10 The Alien Seas of Earth: Astrobiological Implications Chris McKay Chapter 11 Seas of the Milky Way Jeffrey Bennett Chapter 12 A Gallery of Maritime Planetscapes Michael Carroll About the Authors Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Introduction: Oceans on Earth and Elsewhere....Pages 1-2 Chasing the Lost Oceans of Venus....Pages 3-9 Oceans on Mars....Pages 11-23 Seas of Molten Rock....Pages 25-34 Jupiter’s Water Worlds: Water Lurks Beneath the Surfaces of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto....Pages 35-44 Oceans at the Outer Limits: Enceladus, Outer Moons, Pluto....Pages 45-53 Sand Seas of the Solar System....Pages 55-62 Exotic Seas: Liquid Alkanes on Titan’s Surface....Pages 63-69 The Seas of Saturn....Pages 71-79 The Alien Seas of Earth: Astrobiological Implications....Pages 81-87 Seas of the Milky Way....Pages 89-97 A Gallery of Maritime Planetscapes....Pages 99-112 Back Matter....Pages 113-119 In the early days of planetary observations, oceans were long thought to exist in all corners of the Solar System, from carbonated seas percolating beneath the clouds of Venus to features on the Moon's surface given names such as 'the Bay of Rainbows"" and the 'Ocean of Storms.' With the advent of modern telescopes and spacecraft exploration these ancient concepts of planetary seas have, for the most part, evaporated. But they have been replaced by the reality of something even more exotic. Alien seas serves up the current research, past beliefs, and new theories to offer a rich array of the "seas" on other worlds