Applied attention theory

Provides a deep understanding of how theories of attention, developed from laboratory-based psychological research, can inform our understanding of everyday human performance in a wide number of applications and environments. The basic theories discussed concern divided, focused, and selective attention, and areas of application include mental workload measurement, multi-tasking, distracted driving, complex display design, education, and the training of attentional skills.--ERGONOMICSnetBASE description. Read more... Abstract: Focussing on the link between theory and application, this work presents laboratory-based psychological research relevant to a range of areas outside of the lab. It provides an understanding of basic theories such as divide, focused, and selective attention as well as specific application areas, including mental workload measurement. Read more... Applied Attention Theory......Page 1 Contents......Page 3 Preface......Page 4 Editors......Page 5 Introduction......Page 6 Varieties of Attention......Page 7 Relation to Other Applied Domains......Page 8 Scaling Up Basic to Applied Research......Page 9 The Role of Models......Page 11 Introduction......Page 13 Single-Channel Theory and the Psychological Refractory Period......Page 14 Applications of Single-Channel Theory to Workload Prediction......Page 17 Auditory Shadowing: Early versus Late Selection Theory......Page 19 Automaticity......Page 21 Conclusions......Page 24 Introduction......Page 25 Inattentional and Change Blindness......Page 26 Covert versus Overt Attention......Page 27 Posner’s Cuing Paradigm......Page 29 Central versus Peripheral Cuing......Page 31 Auditory and Cross-Modal Cuing......Page 33 Applied Implications of Attention Capture Research: Alarms and Attention Guidance......Page 35 Alert Salience......Page 36 Alert Reliability......Page 38 The Nature of Automation Errors: Error Salience and the Alert Threshold......Page 40 Event Base Rate......Page 41 Conclusion......Page 42 Introduction......Page 44 Eye Movement Measures......Page 46 Limits of Visual Scanning as a Measure of Attention......Page 48 Salience......Page 49 Information Content: Context......Page 51 Information Value......Page 52 Information Access Effort......Page 55 The SEEV Trade-Off Model......Page 58 Applications of the SEEV Model......Page 61 Novice–Expert Differences in Scanning......Page 63 Conclusions......Page 64 Introduction......Page 65 A Model of Applied Search......Page 66 The Parallel–Serial Distinction......Page 67 Parallel and Serial Processes in Search......Page 71 Attentional Guidance......Page 72 What Determines Search Efficiency?......Page 74 Attention Guidance and Display Design......Page 78 Spatial Grouping and Search......Page 79 Contextual Constraints on Search......Page 80 The Visual Lobe and the Useful Field of View......Page 82 Search Accuracy......Page 83 Conclusion......Page 84 Space-Based Attention Theory......Page 86 Object-Based Attention Theory......Page 87 The Proximity Compatibility Principle......Page 89 Task Proximity......Page 90 Display Proximity......Page 91 Sensory and Perceptual Similarities: Proximity in Space and Color......Page 92 Connections and Abutment......Page 93 Heterogeneous- versus Homogeneous-Featured Objects......Page 94 Proximity by Emergent Features......Page 95 Costs of Focused Attention: Is There a Free Lunch?......Page 98 Example 1......Page 99 Applications to Graph Design......Page 100 Ecological Interfaces, Navigation, and Supervisory Displays......Page 102 EID and Emergent Features......Page 103 Visual Momentum and Navigation......Page 104 Conclusions......Page 106 Effort in Single-Task Choice......Page 107 Effort in Selective Attention: The Choices to Stop Search and Limit Surveillance......Page 108 Effort in the Choice between Decision Strategies......Page 109 Effort, Salience and Accessibility in Choice Accuracy......Page 112 Effort in the Choice of a Feature to Use: Implications for System Design......Page 113 Effort in Information Integration: The Proximity Compatibility Principle......Page 114 Effort as Resources: Dual-Task Performance......Page 115 Relevance of Effort Concept for Mental Workload......Page 119 Computed Primary Task Properties......Page 120 Physiological Measures......Page 121 Conclusions to Workload Measurement......Page 122 The Generation Effect......Page 123 Learning Performance Dissociation Mediated by Effort......Page 124 Conclusions......Page 126 Multiple Resource Theory......Page 128 History and Origins......Page 129 Stages......Page 131 Perceptual Modalities......Page 133 Visual Channels......Page 134 Processing Codes......Page 135 The Multiple Resource Model Revisited......Page 136 A Computational Model of Multiple Resource Interference......Page 137 Auditory Preemption......Page 138 Cooperation......Page 139 Confusion......Page 140 Conclusion......Page 141 Introduction......Page 143 Executive Control......Page 144 Task Switching......Page 145 Task Interleaving......Page 149 Interruption Management......Page 150 Strategic Factors and the Stopping Point......Page 151 Salience......Page 153 Strategies that Were Carried Out at Switch 1......Page 154 Task and Workload Management......Page 155 Conclusion......Page 158 Attention as a Skill......Page 159 Specific Time-Sharing Skills......Page 160 Attentional Components......Page 164 Time-Sharing Ability......Page 165 Attention and Working Memory......Page 166 Attention and Aging......Page 168 Declining Attentional Function......Page 169 Coping with Age-Related Attentional Changes......Page 171 Conclusions......Page 173 Introduction......Page 175 Neuroergonomic Methods......Page 176 Neuroimaging of Resources and Workload......Page 177 Electrophysiological Indices of Workload......Page 178 Operator State Assessment with Psychophysiological Measures......Page 181 Conclusions......Page 183 References......Page 184 Eye witness testimony, training, driving, and display design: these are just a few of the real-world domains in which depend on undivided attention. Emphasizing the link between theory and application, Applied Attention Theory provides a deep understanding of how theories of attention, developed from laboratory-based psychological research, can inform our understanding of everyday human performance in a wide number of applications and environments. The basic theories discussed concern divided, focused, and selective attention, and areas of application include mental workload measurement, multi-tasking, distracted driving, complex display design, education, and the training of attentional skills. Includes an extensive reference list and citations to both basic and applied work Provides intuitive descriptions of attentional phenomena in the world beyond the laboratory Discusses applications of attention theory to diverse areas such as graph design, distracted driving, and process control Offers an engineering orientation as well as a psychological orientation to research Highlights the critical role of effort in single task behavior, such as decision and choice, to the extent that humans tend to be effort-conserving in their choice of activities Examines how multiple tasks are managed in a discrete fashion "Eye witness testimony, training, driving, and display design: these are just a few of the real-world domains in which attention is manifested. Emphasizing the link between theory and application, Applied Attention Theory provides a deep understanding of how theories of attention, developed from laboratory-based psychological research, can inform our understanding of everyday human performance in a wide number of applications and environments. The basic theories discussed concern divided, focused, and selective attention, and areas of application include mental workload measurement, multi-tasking, distracted driving, complex display design, education, and the training of attentional skills." "The book highlights explicit links between theory and applications, such as single channel theory and measurement of mental workload, attention capture and the design of alarms, and object-based attention and the design of complex displays. The authors maintain this balance between theory and practice as they explore the application of the theory and the value of good science underlying attentional phenomena in the applied human factors areas of design and measurement."--BOOK JACKET "Denkräume" und "Denkbewegungen" sind Metaphernfelder, die häufig in wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen und in der Theoriebildung Verwendung finden, wenn beispielsweise von der nötigen "Verortung" der Gedanken, oder auch von der Konstruktion von "Theoriegebäuden" gesprochen wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Verwendung solcher Metaphern und der zugrunde liegenden Annahme, dass die "Bauweisen" von Theorie und Wissen zunehmend ins Bewusstsein der Philosophen rücken. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, jenseits klassischer Raumtheorie diesen Bereich der sprachlichen Verfasstheit wissenschaftlicher Texte und der damit verknüpften Sprach- und Bildlogik zu untersuchen, um einen bislang wenig beobachteten Bereich der metatheoretischen Selbstbeobachtung und Selbstbeschreibung der Philosophie sichtbar zu machen und interdiskursive Zusammenhänge und Traditionslinien aufzuzeigen

Eye witness testimony, training, driving, and display design: these are just a few of the real-world domains in which depend on undivided attention. Emphasizing the link between theory and application, Applied Attention Theory provides a deep understanding of how theories of attention, developed from laboratory-based psychological research, can inform our understanding of everyday human performance in a wide number of applications and environments. The basic theories discussed concern divided, focused, and selective attention, and areas of application include mental workload measurement, multi-tasking, distracted driving, complex display design, education, and the training of attentional skills.

Im unternehmerischen Handeln kommen Momente von Handeln überhaupt in gesteigerter Weise zum Ausdruck: Entscheidung und Vollzug, Selbstrechtfertigung und Verantwortung, Innovation und Kontinuität. In verschiedenen Dimensionen - etwa Autonomie, Krise, Personalität, Innovation, Gestaltwahrnehmung - erweist sich der Unternehmer als ein Virtuose autonomer riskanter Entscheidung für neue Wege. Exemplarische Skizze anhand verschiedener Unternehmerpersönlichkeiten Introduction Single Channel Theory and Automaticity Theory Attention Control Visual Attention Control, Scanning and Information Sampling Visual Search Spatial Attention and Displays Resources and Effort Time Sharing and Multiple Resource Theory Executive Control: Attention Switching, Interruptions and Task-Management Individual Differences in Attention Cognitive Neurosciences and Neuroergonomics Emphasizing the link between theory and application, Applied Attention Theory presents laboratory-based psychological research relevant to a wide range of areas outside of the lab. The book provides an understanding of basic theories.