Applied Mycology

The fungal kingdom consists of a wide variety of organisms with a diverse range of forms and functions. Fungi have been utilized for thousands of years and their importance in agriculture, medicine, food production and the environmental sciences is well known. New advances in genomic and metabolomic technologies have allowed further developments in the use of fungi in industry and medicine, increasing the need for a compilation of new applications, developments and technologies across the mycological field.Applied Mycology brings together a range of contributions, highlighting the diverse nature of current research. Chapters include discussions of fungal associations in the environment, agriculture and forestry, long established and novel applications of fungi in fermentation, the use of fungi in the pharmaceutical industry, the growing recognition of fungal infections, current interests in the use fungal enzymes in biotechnology and the new and emerging field of myconanotechnology. Demonstrating the broad coverage and importance of mycological research, this book will be of interest to researchers and students in all biological sciences. Mycology : A Neglected Megascience / David L. Hawksworth -- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Plant Symbiosis Under Stress Conditions : Ecological Implications Of Drought, Flooding And Salinity / Ileana V. Garcia And Rodolfo E. Mendoza -- An Overview Of Orhratoxin Research / Janos Varga, Sandor Koscube, Zsanett Peteri And Robert A. Samson -- Improvement Of Controlled Mycorrhizal Usage In Forest Nurseries / Robin Duponnois, D. Diouf, A. Galiana And Y. Prin -- Fungi In The Tree Canopy : An Appraisal / K.r. Sridhar -- Ecology Of Endophytic Fungi Associated With Leaf Litter Decomposition / Takashi Osono And Dai Hirose -- Brewing Yeast In Action : Beer Fermentation / Pieter J. Verbelen And Freddy R. Delvaux -- Genomic Adaption Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae To Inhibitors For Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion To Ethanol / Zonglin Lewis Liu And Mingzhou Song -- Spoilage Yeasts And Other Fungi: Their Roles In Modern Ecology / Manuel Malfeito-ferreira And Virgilio Loureiro -- Medicinal Potential Of Ganoderma Lucidum / Daniel Sliva -- Current Advances In Dematiaceous Mycotic Infections / Sanjay G. Revankar -- Biotechnological Aspects Of Trichoderma Spp. / A.m. Rincon, T. Benitex, A.c. Codon And M.a. Moreno-mateos -- Agrobacterium Tumefaciens As A Molecular Tool For The Study Of Fungal Pathogens / Carol M. Mcclelland And Brian L. Wickes -- Myconanotechnology : A New And Emerging Science / Mahendra Rai, Alka Yadav, Paul Bridge And Aniket Gade -- Current Advances In Fungal Chitinases / Duochuan Li And Anna Li -- Extracellular Proteases Of Mycoparasitic And Nematophagous Fungi / Laszlo Kredics, Sandor Kocsube, Zsuzanna Antla, Lorant Hatvani, Laszlo Manczinger And Csaba Vagvolgyi. Edited By Mahendra Rai And Paul Dennis Bridge. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 8 Preface......Page 11 1 Mycology: a Neglected Megascience......Page 16 2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Symbiosis under Stress Conditions: Ecological Implications of Drought, Flooding and Salinity......Page 32 3 An Overview of Ochratoxin Research......Page 53 4 Improvement of Controlled Mycorrhizal Usage in Forest Nurseries......Page 71 5 Fungi in the Tree Canopy: an Appraisal......Page 88 6 Ecology of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Leaf Litter Decomposition......Page 107 7 Brewing Yeast in Action: Beer Fermentation......Page 125 8 Genomic Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Inhibitors for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion to Ethanol......Page 151 9 Spoilage Yeasts and Other Fungi: their Roles in Modern Enology......Page 171 10 Medicinal Potential of Ganoderma lucidum......Page 188 11 Current Advances in Dematiaceous Mycotic Infections......Page 212 12 Biotechnological Aspects of Trichoderma spp.......Page 231 13 Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a Molecular Tool for the Study of Fungal Pathogens......Page 254 14 Myconanotechnology: a New and Emerging Science......Page 273 15 Current Advances in Fungal Chitinases......Page 283 16 Extracellular Proteases of Mycoparasitic and Nematophagous Fungi......Page 305 A......Page 323 B......Page 324 D......Page 325 E......Page 326 G......Page 327 M......Page 328 O......Page 329 P......Page 330 S......Page 331 T......Page 332 Z......Page 333 Contents 6 Contributors 8 Preface 11 Part I: Overview 16 1 Mycology: a Neglected Megascience 16 Part II: Environment, Agriculture and Forestry 32 2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Symbiosis under Stress Conditions: Ecological Implications of Drought, Flooding and Salinity 32 3 An Overview of Ochratoxin Research 53 4 Improvement of Controlled Mycorrhizal Usage in Forest Nurseries 71 5 Fungi in the Tree Canopy: an Appraisal 88 6 Ecology of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Leaf Litter Decomposition 107 Part III: Food, Food Products and Medicine 125 7 Brewing Yeast in Action: Beer Fermentation 125 8 Genomic Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Inhibitors for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion to Ethanol 151 9 Spoilage Yeasts and Other Fungi: their Roles in Modern Enology 171 10 Medicinal Potential of Ganoderma lucidum 188 11 Current Advances in Dematiaceous Mycotic Infections 212 Part IV: Biotechnology and Emerging Science 231 12 Biotechnological Aspects of Trichoderma spp. 231 13 Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a Molecular Tool for the Study of Fungal Pathogens 254 14 Myconanotechnology: a New and Emerging Science 273 15 Current Advances in Fungal Chitinases 283 16 Extracellular Proteases of Mycoparasitic and Nematophagous Fungi 305 Index 323 A 323 B 324 C 325 D 325 E 326 F 327 G 327 H 328 I 328 K 328 L 328 M 328 N 329 O 329 P 330 Q 331 R 331 S 331 T 332 U 333 V 333 W 333 X 333 Y 333 Z 333 This book is intended to provide both students and researchers with a broad background to some of the fastest developing areas in current applied mycology. A range of contributions are given to highlight the diverse nature of current applied mycology research. The opening chapter of this volume provides some examples of how mycology is often neglected, and presents a case for considering mycology as a megascience. The subsequent chapters have been loosely grouped into four sections in order to reflect the wider 'customers' or context of the particular mycological areas or activities. In each section, contributions that show either new applications or developments of well-established technology, or novel research into new technology or environments are included. The section on environment, agriculture and forestry is represented by contributions that illustrate novel fungal associations or new aspects of well-known interactions. The section on foods and medicine reflects the long history of applied mycology in the manufacture of alcoholic beverages, with two chapters devoted to beer production and winery spoilage issues. Chapters in the section on biotechnology and emerging science reflect some of the current interests in fungal enzymes and their importance in broader environmental processes and applications The fungal kingdom consists of a wide variety of organisms with a diverse range of forms and functions. Fungi have been utilized for thousands of years and their importance in agriculture, medicine, food production and the environmental sciences is well known. New advances in genomic and metabolomic technologies have allowed further developments in the use of fungi in industry and medicine, increasing the need for a compilation of new applications, developments and technologies across the mycological field. Applied Mycology brings together a range of contributions, highlighting the diverse nature of current research. Chapters include discussions of fungal associations in the environment, agriculture and forestry, long established and novel applications of fungi in fermentation, the use of fungi in the pharmaceutical industry, the growing recognition of fungal infections, current interests in the use fungal enzymes in biotechnology and the new and emerging field of myconanotechnology. Demonstrating the broad coverage and importance of mycological research, this book will be of interest to researchers and students in all biological sciences The fungal kingdom consists of a wide variety of organisms with a diverse range of forms and functions. This title covers chapters including discussions of fungal associations in the environment, agriculture and forestry, long established and novel applications of fungi in fermentation, and the use of fungi in the pharmaceutical industry Mycology is a major field in microbiology that has important applications in agriculture and the medical, pharmaceutical health and environmental sciences. This book brings together advances in mycology research from different areas of application to provide a current compilation of new technologies and developments.