This book demystifies the topic of Artificial Intelligence for readers of varying backgrounds. The content should enable many people to discuss and follow ongoing developments in an informed way, to draw conclusions for their own life and workplace and to acquire the necessary new knowledge. The book strives to provide basic knowledge that will objectify the discussions and relieve some of the creepiness of utopian films. It must also be understood that research results are a necessary condition for progress; they are not sufficient until they can be translated into practice embedded in programs. This difficult relationship between theory and practice has been known for a long time. Foreword Preface Contents List of Figures 1 Introduction 2 How to Define Intelligence 2.1 Different Concepts for Defining Intelligence 2.2 Intelligence Tests Reference 3 The Historical Development 3.1 The Dual System 3.2 The Dartmouth Conference 3.3 Algorithms and Programming Languages 3.3.1 The 1930s and 1940s: Logical Calculi 3.3.2 The 1950s: First Modern Programming Languages 3.3.3 The 1960s and 1970s: Development of New Paradigms 3.3.4 Object-Oriented Programming 3.3.5 The 1980s 3.3.6 Further Development 3.4 The Turing Machine 3.5 The First Computers: The Turing Test, the Single-Tape Turing Machine 3.6 LaTeX 3.7 The Evolution of Computers References 4 Mathematics on the Computer 4.1 Microsoft Mathematics 4.2 Mathematica 4.3 Maple References 5 Polynomial and Exponential Complexity 5.1 Introductory Considerations 5.2 Mathematical Descriptions of Complexity 5.3 Rules and Constraints 5.4 Axioms 5.5 Finding Contradictions: Inconsistency Proofs 5.6 Problems from Combinatorics 5.7 Coloring Problems References 6 Game Theory, Cybernetics, and Information Theory 6.1 Game Theory 6.2 Cybernetics 6.3 Information Theory 7 Machine Learning and Neural Networks 7.1 Neural Networks 7.2 AlphaZero Wins at Chess, Go, and Shogi 7.3 Translation Between Different Languages Reference 8 Other Applications 8.1 Databases 8.2 Trade over the Internet 8.3 Big Data 8.4 The Role of Simulation References 9 Digitization 9.1 The Basics of Digitization 9.2 Some Applications Reference 10 Image Processing 10.1 Predicting Earthquakes 10.2 Tumors, Alzheimer's Disease, and Heart Disease 10.3 Recognition of Viruses 10.4 Medical Applications 10.5 Further Applications 10.6 The Basics of Image Processing 10.7 The Processing of Images References 11 Robotics 11.1 Robots in Surgery 11.2 Robots Help in Care 11.3 Other Interesting Applications References 12 Artificial Intelligence in Finance References 13 Artificial Intelligence and Education 13.1 Education of AI Professionals 13.2 The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education References 14 Artificial Intelligence in the Arts 14.1 Artificial Intelligence and Music 14.2 Artificial Intelligence and Architecture References 15 Artificial Intelligence in Law References 16 The Development in South and Central America and the Caribbean 16.1 Guyana 16.2 The Caribbean 16.3 Belize 16.4 Argentina and Uruguay References 17 Future Developments References Index
