Astrocytes : methods and protocols

This detailed volume gathers together a broad variety of methods essential to the investigation of the biology of astrocytes and their multifaceted roles in both healthy and diseased brains. Beginning with some overviews of the subject, the book continues by covering techniques for the isolation of astrocytes from animal models, the investigation of astrocyte morphology and function, as well as for understanding astrocyte pathologies in the central nervous system. Written for the highly successful __Methods in Molecular Biology__ series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, __Astrocytes: Methods and Protocols__ serves as an ideal guide for both experienced and beginner scientists working toward unraveling the novel, fascinating roles of these versatile cells. Front Matter ....Pages i-xi Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 The Astrocyte–Neuron Interface: An Overview on Molecular and Cellular Dynamics Controlling Formation and Maintenance of the Tripartite Synapse (Uzma Hasan, Sandeep K. Singh)....Pages 3-18 Role of Astrocytes in the Neurogenic Niches (Julia Schneider, Julian Karpf, Ruth Beckervordersandforth)....Pages 19-33 Front Matter ....Pages 35-35 Isolation and Culture of Astrocytes from Postnatal and Adult Mouse Brains (Yingbo He, Natalie Taylor, Anindya Bhattacharya)....Pages 37-47 Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting-Based Isolation and Characterization of Neural Stem Cells from the Adult Zebrafish Telencephalon (Rossella Di Giaimo, Sven Aschenbroich, Jovica Ninkovic)....Pages 49-66 Front Matter ....Pages 67-67 A Method to Visualize the Nanoscopic Morphology of Astrocytes In Vitro and In Situ (Janosch P. Heller, Dmitri A. Rusakov)....Pages 69-84 A Specialized Method to Resolve Fine 3D Features of Astrocytes in Nonhuman Primate (Marmoset, Callithrix jacchus) and Human Fixed Brain Samples (Gaël Quesseveur, Aymeric Fouquier d’Hérouël, Keith K. Murai, David S. Bouvier)....Pages 85-95 Cisterna Magna Injection in Rats to Study Glymphatic Function (Marta Ramos, Nicholas Burdon Bechet, Roberta Battistella, Chiara Pavan, Anna L. R. Xavier, Maiken Nedergaard et al.)....Pages 97-104 Preparing the Astrocyte Perivascular Endfeet Transcriptome to Investigate Astrocyte Molecular Regulations at the Brain–Vascular Interface (Anne-Cécile Boulay, Noémie Mazaré, Bruno Saubaméa, Martine Cohen-Salmon)....Pages 105-116 Monitoring Interneuron–Astrocyte Signaling and Its Consequences on Synaptic Transmission (Sara Mederos, Gertrudis Perea)....Pages 117-129 Astrocytes and Circadian Rhythms: An Emerging Astrocyte–Neuron Synergy in the Timekeeping System (Olga Barca Mayo, Luca Berdondini, Davide De Pietri Tonelli)....Pages 131-154 In Vitro Engulfment Assay to Measure Phagocytic Activity of Astrocytes Using Synaptosomes (Youkyeong Gloria Byun, Won-Suk Chung)....Pages 155-168 Quantifying Compartment-Specific Protein Translocation in Astrocytes by Object-Oriented Image Analysis: Mitochondrial Translocation of PKCδ (Kiavasch Mohammad Nejad Farid, Amin Derouiche)....Pages 169-186 Imaging of Local and Global Sodium Signals in Astrocytes (Niklas J. Gerkau, Karl W. Kafitz, Christine R. Rose)....Pages 187-202 Detection of Protein Uptake in In Vitro Cultured Astrocytes Exemplified by the Uptake of the Serine Protease, Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Ewa E. Bres, Andreas Faissner)....Pages 203-217 Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (N-ChIP) in Primary Cortical Rat Astrocytes (Victoria Adelheid Malik, Barbara Di Benedetto, Mira Jakovcevski)....Pages 219-229 Front Matter ....Pages 231-231 Imaging and Manipulating Astrocyte Function In Vivo in the Context of CNS Injury (Oleksii Shandra, Stefanie Robel)....Pages 233-246 Glial Pathology in Major Depressive Disorder: An Approach to Investigate the Coverage of Blood Vessels by Astrocyte Endfeet in Human Postmortem Brain (Grazyna Rajkowska, Jose Javier Miguel-Hidalgo)....Pages 247-254 Examining the Coverage of Blood Vessels by Astrocyte Endfeet in an Animal Model of Major Depressive Disorder (Heike Hallof-Büstrich, Barbara Di Benedetto)....Pages 255-263 A Method to Investigate Astrocyte and Microglial Morphological Changes in the Aging Brain of the Rhesus Macaque (Kevin B. Chiu, Kim M. Lee, Katelyn N. Robillard, Andrew G. MacLean)....Pages 265-276 Investigating Age-Related Changes in Proliferation and the Cell Division Repertoire of Parenchymal Reactive Astrocytes (Gábor Heimann, Swetlana Sirko)....Pages 277-292 Back Matter ....Pages 293-295