Basic Process Engineering Control is based on the extensive experience of the authors in the field of industry, teaching and writing. The textbook showcases methods, problems, and tools used in this well-established fi eld of chemical engineering and goes beyond traditional process engineering by applying the same principles to biomedical processes, energy production, and management of environmental issues. Starting from the behavior of processes, Basic Process Engineering Control explains all determinations in “chemical systems” or “process systems”, such as the intricate inter dependency of the process stages, analyzing the hardware components of a control system, and the design of an appropriate control system for a process parameter or a whole process. Although mainly aimed at students and graduates, the book is equally interesting to chemical or process engineers in all industries or research and development centers. Readers will notice the similarity in approach from the system and control point of view between different fields, which might otherwise seem far from each other but share the same control philosophy. Study questions at the end of each chapter Includes numerous diagrams, figures and tables Part IFundamentals of system theory and control; Part II The analysis of the control system; Part III The synthesis of the control system Contents Foreword Part I: Introduction 1 History of process control 2 Basics of systems theory 2.1 System concept 2.2 System delimitation 2.3 Input and output variables 2.4 Classification of the systems 2.5 The state concept 2.6 Input-state-output relationship 2.7 Stability of the system 2.8 Types of elementary signals 2.9 LTI systems described by input-output relationships 2.10 Time response of the linear time-invariant systems 2.11 Solution of the homogeneous differential equation 2.12 Particular solutions of the nonhomogeneous differential equation 2.13 General solution of the nonhomogeneous differential equation 2.14 Stability of the system described by input-output relationships 2.15 Stability of systems described by linear time-invariant differential equations 2.16 Frequency response of the system described by input-output relationships 2.17 Frequency response of the system initially at equilibrium 2.18 Steady state and transient response to the harmonic input 2.19 LTI systems described by input-state-output relationships 2.20 Transformation of the input-output representation into the input-state-output representation 2.21 Solutions of the state equations 2.22 Solution of the nonhomogeneous state equation 2.23 Laplace transform 2.24 Definition of the one-sided and two-sided Laplace transform 2.25 Properties of the Laplace transform 2.26 Laplace transform of usual functions 2.27 Inverse Laplace transform 2.28 Use of Laplace transform in the analysis of linear time-invariant systems 2.29 Use of Laplace transform for describing systems represented by input-output relationships 2.30 Use of Laplace transform for describing systems represented by input-state-output relationships 2.31 The transfer matrix 2.32 Bode diagrams 2.33 Nyquist diagrams 2.34 Problems 3 Mathematical modeling 3.1 Analytical models 3.1.1 The conservation laws 3.1.2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of the process systems 3.2 Statistical models 3.3 Artificial neural network Models 3.4 Examples of mathematical models 3.5 Problems 4 Systems dynamics 4.1 Proportional system 4.2 Integral system 4.3 Derivative system 4.4 First order system 4.5 Second order system 4.6 Higher order system 4.7 Pure delay system 4.8 Equivalence to first order with time delay system 4.9 Problems 5 Manual and automatic control 5.1 Manual control 5.2 Automatic control 5.3 Steady state and dynamics of the control systems 5.4 Stability and instability of controlled process and control systems 5.5 Performance of the control system 5.6 Problems Part II: Analysis of the feedback control system 6 The controlled process 6.1 Steady state behavior of the controlled process 6.2 Dynamic behavior of the controlled process 6.3 Problems 7 Transducers and measuring systems 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Measuring systems in process engineering 7.3 General characteristics of the transducers 7.4 Temperature transducers 7.5 Pressure transducers 7.6 Flow transducers 7.7 Level transducers 7.8 Composition transducers 7.9 Problems 8 Controllers 8.1 Classification of controllers 8.2 Classical control algorithms 8.2.1 Proportional controller (P) 8.2.2 Proportional-Integral controller (PI) 8.2.3 Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller (PID) 8.2.4 Controllers with special functions 8.2.5 Distributed Control Systems 8.3 Problems 9 Final control elements (actuating devices) 9.1 Types of final control elements 9.1.1 Control valves 9.1.2 Other types of final control elements 9.2 Sizing the control valve 9.2.1 The flow factor (Kv) for incompressible fluids 9.2.2 The flow factor (Kv) for gases 9.2.3 The flow factor (Kv) for steam 9.3 Inherent characteristics of control valves 9.4 Installed characteristics of the control valves 9.5 The dynamic characteristics of a control valve 9.5.1 The gain of the control valve 9.5.2 The dynamics of the control valve 9.6 Sizing and choice of the control valves 9.7 Problems 10 Safety interlock systems 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Safety layers 10.3 Alarm and monitoring system 10.4 Safety instrumented systems 10.5 Problems Part III: Synthesis of the automatic control systems 11 Design and tuning of the controllers 11.1 Oscillations in the control loop 11.2 Control quality criteria 11.3 Parameter influence on the quality of the control loop 11.4 Controller tuning methods 11.4.1 Experimental methods of tuning controller parameters 11.5 Tuning controllers for some “difficult to be controlled” processes 11.6 Problems 12 Basic control loops in process industries 12.1 Flow automatic control systems 12.2 Pressure automatic control systems 12.3 Level automatic control systems 12.4 Temperature automatic control systems 12.5 Composition automatic control systems 12.6 Problems Index
Basic Process Engineering Control is based on the extensive experience of the
authors in the field of industry, teaching and writing. The textbook showcases
methods, problems, and tools used in this well-established fi eld of chemical engineering and goes beyond traditional process engineering by applying the same principles to biomedical processes, energy production, and management of environmental issues. Starting from the behavior of processes, Basic Process Engineering Control explains all determinations in “chemical systems” or “process systems”, such as the intricate inter dependency of the process stages, analyzing the hardware components of a control system, and the design of an appropriate control system for a process parameter or a whole process. Although mainly aimed at students and graduates, the book is equally interesting to chemical or process engineers in all industries or research and development centers. Readers will notice the similarity in approach from the system and control point of view between different fields, which might otherwise seem far from each other but share the same control philosophy.
This book provides methods, problems and tools used in process control engineering. It discusses: process knowledge, sensor system technology, actuators, communication technology and logistics as well as design and construction of control systems and their operation. The knowledge goes beyond the traditional process engineering field by applying the same principles to biomedical processes, energy production and management of environmental issues
