Basic Urological Management

This book describes basic urological conditions and their management, with flowcharts to illustrate each step of patient treatment. Topics related to the upper and lower tract, urological infections, trauma, incontinence, andrology, and uro-oncology are all covered. The management of each condition is explained through point by point analysis that details patient pathways. __Basic Urological Management__ aims to aid management decision making within urology and at specific points within patient pathways. Front Matter ....Pages i-xix Visible Haematuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 1-5 Diagnostic Pathway for Haematuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 7-10 Non-Visible Haematuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 11-13 Management Pathway for Bladder Tumour (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 15-17 Elevated PSA/Abnormal DRE (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 19-22 Diagnostic Pathway for Prostate Cancer (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 23-24 Management Pathway for Prostate Cancer in Younger Patients (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 25-26 Management Pathway for Older Patients with Prostate Cancer (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 27-27 Management of TRUS Biopsy Sepsis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 29-30 Haematospermia (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 31-33 Diagnostic and Management Pathway for Haematospermia (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 35-35 Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 37-39 Diagnostic Pathway for LUTS (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 41-43 Management Pathway for LUTS-Benign Prostatic Enlargement (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 45-45 Acute Urinary Retention (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 47-49 Diagnostic Pathway for Acute Urinary Retention (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 51-51 Management Pathway for Acute Urinary Retention (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 53-53 Difficult Catheters (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 55-58 Management Pathway for Difficult Catheters (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 59-59 Chronic Retention (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 61-62 Diagnostic Pathway for Chronic Retention (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 63-63 Management Pathway for Chronic Retention (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 65-65 Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 67-68 Diagnostic Pathway for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 69-70 Management Pathway for Metstatic Spinal Cord Compression (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 71-71 Urethral Strictures (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 73-74 Diagnostic Pathway for Urethral Strictures (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 75-78 Management of Urethral Strictures (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 79-79 Nocturnal Polyuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 81-82 Diagnostic Pathway for Nocturnal Polyuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 83-83 Management Pathway for Nocturnal Polyuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 85-85 Dysuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 87-89 Diagnostic Pathway for Dysuria (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 91-91 Management Pathways for Dysuria: Recurrent UTIS (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 93-93 Sepsis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 95-97 Diagnostic and Management Pathway for Sepsis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 99-99 Acute Pyelonephritis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 101-103 Chronic Pyelonephritis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 105-107 Diagnostic Pathway for Pyelonephritis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 109-110 Management Pathway for Pyelonephritis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 111-111 Cystitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 113-115 Diagnostic Pathway for Cystitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 117-117 Management Pathway for Cystitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 119-119 Pyonephrosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 121-123 Diagnosis of Pyonephrosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 125-126 Management Pathway for Pyonephrosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 127-127 Perinephric Abcess (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 129-131 Diagnostic Pathway for Perinephric Abcess (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 133-134 Management Pathway for Perinephric Abcess (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 135-135 Necrotising Fasciitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 137-139 Diagnostic Pathway for Necrotising Fasciitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 141-142 Management Pathway for Necrotising Fasciitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 143-143 Scrotal Abscess (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 145-146 Diagnostic Pathway for Scrotal Abcess (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 147-147 Management Pathway for Scrotal Abcess (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 149-149 Epididymitis/Orchitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 151-153 Diagnostic Pathway for Epididymo-Orchitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 155-155 Management Pathway for Epididymo-Orchtis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 157-157 Prostatitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 159-161 Diagnostic Pathway for Prostatitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 163-164 Management Pathway for Prostatitis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 165-165 Renal/Ureteric Colic (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 167-169 Diagnostic Pathway for Stones (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 171-172 Management Pathway for Renal Stones (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 173-176 Management Pathway for Ureteric Stones (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 177-178 Ureteral Clot Colic (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 179-180 Diagnosis of Ureteral Clot Colic (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 181-181 Management of Ureteral Clot Colic (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 183-185 Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 187-190 Diagnosis of PUJO (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 191-192 Management of PUJO (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 193-194 Hydronephrosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 195-196 Diagnosis of Hydronephrosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 197-199 Management of Hydronephrosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 201-203 Renal Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 205-207 Grading of Renal Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 209-211 Diagnostic Pathway for Renal Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 213-213 Management Pathway for Renal Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 215-216 Ureteric Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 217-219 Ureteric Injury Severity Scale (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 221-222 Diagnostic Pathway for Ureteric Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 223-224 Management of Ureteric Injury (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 225-226 Bladder Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 227-229 Injury Severity Scale, Bladder Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 231-231 Diagnosis of Bladder Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 233-234 Management of Bladder Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 235-236 Urethral Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 237-240 Urethral Injury Severity Scoring (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 241-242 Diagnosis of Urethral Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 243-243 Management Urethral Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 245-245 Testicular Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 247-249 Testicular Trauma Injury Scale (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 251-251 Diagnosis of Testicular Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 253-253 Management of Testicular Trauma (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 255-256 Overactive Bladder (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 257-259 Diagnosis of Overactive Bladder (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 261-261 Management of Overactive Bladder (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 263-263 Urinary Incontinence (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 265-267 Diagnosis of Incontinence (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 269-269 Management of Incontinence (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 271-271 Priapism (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 273-275 Diagnosis of Priapism (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 277-277 Management of Priapism (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 279-279 Penile Fracture (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 281-283 Diagnosis of Penile Fracture (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 285-286 Management of Penile Fracture (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 287-288 Phimosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 289-291 Diagnosis and Management of Phimosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 293-293 Paraphimosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 295-297 Management of Paraphimosis (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 299-300 Erectile Dysfunction (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 301-303 Diagnosis and Management of ED (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 305-305 Penile Cancer (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 307-310 Diagnosis of Penile Cancer (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 311-311 Management of Penile Cancer (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 313-314 A Renal Mass (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 315-320 Management Pathway for Renal Mass (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 321-323 A Painful Scrotum (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 325-327 Diagnostic Pathway: A Painful Scrotum (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 329-330 Management Pathway: A Painful Scrotum (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 331-331 Scrotal Lesions (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 333-335 Diagnostic and Management Pathways: Scrotal Lesions (Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Peter Pietrzak, David Albala)....Pages 337-337 Back Matter ....Pages 339-340 Preface 5 Acknowledgements 6 Abbreviations 15 Contents 7 1: Visible Haematuria 18 Suggested Reading 22 2: Diagnostic Pathway for Haematuria 23 Suggested Reading 26 3: Non-Visible Haematuria 27 Suggested Reading 29 4: Management Pathway for Bladder Tumour 30 Suggested Reading 32 5: Elevated PSA/Abnormal DRE 33 Suggested Reading 36 6: Diagnostic Pathway for Prostate Cancer 37 Suggested Reading 38 7: Management Pathway for Prostate Cancer in Younger Patients 39 Suggested Reading 40 8: Management Pathway for Older Patients with Prostate Cancer 41 Suggested Reading 41 9: Management of TRUS Biopsy Sepsis 42 Suggested Reading 43 10: Haematospermia 44 Suggested Reading 46 11: Diagnostic and Management Pathway for Haematospermia 47 Suggested Reading 47 12: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 48 Suggested Reading 50 13: Diagnostic Pathway for LUTS 51 Suggested Reading 53 14: Management Pathway for LUTS-Benign Prostatic Enlargement 54 Suggested Reading 54 15: Acute Urinary Retention 55 Suggested Reading 57 16: Diagnostic Pathway for Acute Urinary Retention 58 Suggested Reading 58 17: Management Pathway for Acute Urinary Retention 59 Suggested Reading 59 18: Difficult Catheters 60 Suggested Reading 62 19: Management Pathway for Difficult Catheters 64 Suggested Reading 64 20: Chronic Retention 65 Suggested Reading 66 21: Diagnostic Pathway for Chronic Retention 67 Suggested Reading 67 22: Management Pathway for Chronic Retention 68 Suggested Reading 68 23: Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression 69 Suggested Reading 70 24: Diagnostic Pathway for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression 71 Suggested Reading 72 25: Management Pathway for Metstatic Spinal Cord Compression 73 Suggested Reading 73 26: Urethral Strictures 74 Suggested Reading 75 27: Diagnostic Pathway for Urethral Strictures 76 Suggested Reading 79 28: Management of Urethral Strictures 80 Suggested Reading 80 29: Nocturnal Polyuria 81 Suggested Reading 82 30: Diagnostic Pathway for Nocturnal Polyuria 83 Suggested Reading 83 31: Management Pathway for Nocturnal Polyuria 84 Suggested Reading 84 32: Dysuria 85 Suggested Reading 87 33: Diagnostic Pathway for Dysuria 88 Suggested Reading 88 34: Management Pathways for Dysuria: Recurrent UTIS 89 Suggested Reading 89 35: Sepsis 90 Suggested Reading 92 36: Diagnostic and Management Pathway for Sepsis 93 Suggested Reading 93 37: Acute Pyelonephritis 94 Suggested Reading 96 38: Chronic Pyelonephritis 97 Suggested Reading 99 39: Diagnostic Pathway for Pyelonephritis 100 Suggested Reading 101 40: Management Pathway for Pyelonephritis 102 Suggested Reading 102 41: Cystitis 103 Suggested Reading 105 42: Diagnostic Pathway for Cystitis 106 Suggested Reading 106 43: Management Pathway for Cystitis 107 Suggested Reading 107 44: Pyonephrosis 108 Suggested Reading 110 45: Diagnosis of Pyonephrosis 111 Suggested Reading 112 46: Management Pathway for Pyonephrosis 113 Suggested Reading 113 47: Perinephric Abcess 114 Suggested Reading 116 48: Diagnostic Pathway for Perinephric Abcess 117 Suggested Reading 118 49: Management Pathway for Perinephric Abcess 119 Suggested Reading 119 50: Necrotising Fasciitis 120 Suggested Reading 122 51: Diagnostic Pathway for Necrotising Fasciitis 123 Suggested Reading 124 52: Management Pathway for Necrotising Fasciitis 125 Suggested Reading 125 53: Scrotal Abscess 126 Suggested Reading 127 54: Diagnostic Pathway for Scrotal Abcess 128 Suggested Reading 128 55: Management Pathway for Scrotal ­Abcess 129 56: Epididymitis/Orchitis 130 Suggested Reading 132 57: Diagnostic Pathway for Epididymo-Orchitis 133 Suggested Reading 133 58: Management Pathway for Epididymo-Orchtis 134 Suggested Reading 134 59: Prostatitis 135 Suggested Reading 137 60: Diagnostic Pathway for Prostatitis 138 Suggested Reading 139 61: Management Pathway for Prostatitis 140 Suggested Reading 140 62: Renal/Ureteric Colic 141 Suggested Reading 143 63: Diagnostic Pathway for Stones 144 Suggested Reading 145 64: Management Pathway for Renal Stones 146 Suggested Reading 149 65: Management Pathway for Ureteric Stones 150 Suggested Reading 151 66: Ureteral Clot Colic 152 Suggested Reading 153 67: Diagnosis of Ureteral Clot Colic 154 Suggested Reading 154 68: Management of Ureteral Clot Colic 155 Suggested Reading 157 69: Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction 158 Suggested Reading 160 70: Diagnosis of PUJO 162 Suggested Reading 162 71: Management of PUJO 164 Suggested Reading 164 72: Hydronephrosis 166 Suggested Reading 167 73: Diagnosis of Hydronephrosis 168 Suggested Reading 170 74: Management of Hydronephrosis 171 Suggested Reading 173 75: Renal Trauma 174 Suggested Reading 176 76: Grading of Renal Trauma 177 Suggested Reading 179 77: Diagnostic Pathway for Renal Trauma 180 Suggested Reading 180 78: Management Pathway for Renal Trauma 181 Suggested Reading 182 79: Ureteric Trauma 183 Suggested Reading 185 80: Ureteric Injury Severity Scale 186 Suggested Reading 187 81: Diagnostic Pathway for Ureteric Trauma 188 Suggested Reading 189 82: Management of Ureteric Injury 190 Suggested Reading 191 83: Bladder Trauma 192 Suggested Reading 194 84: Injury Severity Scale, Bladder Trauma 195 Suggested Reading 195 85: Diagnosis of Bladder Trauma 196 Suggested Reading 197 86: Management of Bladder Trauma 198 Suggested Reading 199 87: Urethral Trauma 200 Suggested Reading 203 88: Urethral Injury Severity Scoring 204 Suggested Reading 205 89: Diagnosis of Urethral Trauma 206 Suggested Reading 206 90: Management Urethral Trauma 207 Suggested Reading 207 91: Testicular Trauma 208 Suggested Reading 210 92: Testicular Trauma Injury Scale 211 Suggested Reading 211 93: Diagnosis of Testicular Trauma 212 Suggested Reading 212 94: Management of Testicular Trauma 213 Suggested Reading 214 95: Overactive Bladder 215 Suggested Reading 217 96: Diagnosis of Overactive Bladder 218 Suggested Reading 218 97: Management of Overactive Bladder 219 Suggested Reading 219 98: Urinary Incontinence 220 Suggested Reading 222 99: Diagnosis of Incontinence 223 Suggested Reading 223 100: Management of Incontinence 224 Suggested Reading 224 101: Priapism 225 Suggested Reading 227 102: Diagnosis of Priapism 228 Suggested Reading 228 103: Management of Priapism 229 Suggested Reading 229 104: Penile Fracture 230 Suggested Reading 232 105: Diagnosis of Penile Fracture 233 Suggested Reading 234 106: Management of Penile Fracture 235 Suggested Reading 236 107: Phimosis 237 Suggested Reading 239 108: Diagnosis and Management of Phimosis 240 Suggested Reading 240 109: Paraphimosis 241 Suggested Reading 243 110: Management of Paraphimosis 244 Suggested Reading 245 111: Erectile Dysfunction 246 Suggested Reading 248 112: Diagnosis and Management of ED 249 Suggested Reading 249 113: Penile Cancer 250 Suggested Reading 253 114: Diagnosis of Penile Cancer 254 Suggested Reading 254 115: Management of Penile Cancer 255 Suggested Reading 256 116: A Renal Mass 257 Suggested Reading 262 117: Management Pathway for Renal Mass 263 Suggested Reading 265 118: A Painful Scrotum 266 Suggested Reading 268 119: Diagnostic Pathway: A Painful Scrotum 269 Suggested Reading 270 120: Management Pathway: A Painful Scrotum 271 Suggested Reading 271 121: Scrotal Lesions 272 Suggested Reading 274 122: Diagnostic and Management Pathways: Scrotal Lesions 275 Suggested Reading 275 Index 276 This book describes basic urological conditions and their management, with flowcharts to illustrate each step of patient treatment. Topics related to the upper and lower tract, urological infections, trauma, incontinence, andrology, and uro-oncology are all covered. The management of each condition is explained through point by point analysis that details patient pathways. Basic Urological Management aims to aid management decision making within urology and presents the criteria for hospital referral