Beginning CSS : Cascading Style Sheets for Web Design

**Completely updated material and new examples show you what CSS can do**With the latest versions of Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, and other browsers released, CSS is more essential than ever. This beginner guide demonstrates how cascading style sheets can be used to define styles to items in Web pages, rather than format each item individually. Each lesson in this full-color book has been methodically revised to be more concise and efficient, making your learning experience as productive as possible. * Covers the latest in CSS, including the new features of Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome * Reviews the vast improvements to mobile browsers and how CSS can work with them * Provides helpful examples and walks you through real-world solutions to common hurdles * Discusses embedded fonts, compatibility tables, and cross-browser bug scenarios __Beginning CSS, Third Edition__ gets you completely up to date so that you can start using CSS in the newest Web and mobile browsers today! WroxBooks 3 Beginning CSS: Cascading Style Sheets for Web Design 7 Contents 17 Introduction 25 Part I: The Basics 33 Chapter 1: Introducing Cascading Style Sheets 35 Advantages of Using CSS 36 How to Write CSS 37 Your First CSS-Enabled Document 38 Browsers 44 Webkit 44 Trident 45 Gecko 46 Presto 46 Chapter 2: The Bits That Make Up a Style Sheet 49 Rules 49 Selectors 50 Grouping Selectors 50 Declarations 51 Values 51 Keywords 51 Strings 55 Length and Measurement 57 Numbers 61 Colors 63 The URI 65 Including CSS in a Document 66 Including an Embedded Style Sheet 67 Linking to External Style Sheets 67 The Importance of Good HTML 68 Doctypes and Quirks Mode 68 Chapter 3: Selectors 71 Class and ID Selectors 71 Class Selectors 72 ID Selectors 74 The Universal Selector 80 Descendant Selectors 80 Pseudo-Classes 82 Dynamic Pseudo-Classes 82 Chapter 4: The Cascade and Inheritance 89 The Cascade 89 Calculating the Specificity of a Selector 92 !important Rules 98 Inheritance 98 Part II: Properties 103 Chapter 5: Applying Font Faces 105 Setting Font Faces 105 Font Families 107 Making Text Italic, Bold, or Small Caps 110 Italic Text 110 Bold Text 111 Small Caps Text 111 The font-size Property 114 Absolute Font Sizes 114 Relative Font Sizes 115 Length and Percentage Font Sizes 115 The font Shorthand Property 118 The font Properties 119 Chapter 6: Manipulating the Display of Text 125 Line Height 126 Controlling the Spacing between Letters 129 Controlling the Spacing between Words 130 Indenting Text 133 Horizontally Aligning Text 134 Decorating Text with Underlines, Overlines, or Strikethrough 136 Transforming Letter-Case to Lowercase or Uppercase or Capitalizing the Initial Characters of Words 140 Controlling How White Space Is Handled 143 Chapter 7: Background Colors and Images 147 Background Colors 147 Background Images 149 Controlling How Background Images Repeat 152 Positioning Background Images 156 Mixing Background Position Values 158 Repeating a Background Image and Controlling Its Position 160 Controlling Position with the Center Keyword 161 Fixing a Background Image in Place 163 Background Shorthand 165 Chapter 8: The Box Model: Controlling Margins, Borders, Padding, Width, and Height 169 Overview 169 Margins 170 margin Property with Four Values 170 margin Property with Three Values 172 margin Property with Two Values 173 margin Property with One Value 174 Margin Collapsing 174 Horizontally Aligning Elements with the margin Property 179 Borders 183 border-width 183 border-style 185 border-color 186 Border Shorthand Properties 188 Padding 191 Setting Dimensions 194 width 194 height 195 auto Values for width and height 197 Percentage Measurements 197 Quirks Mode width and height in Internet Explorer 197 Minimum and Maximum Dimensions 198 Overflowing Content 201 Overflowing Just the X or Y axis 203 Chapter 9: Floating and Vertical Alignment 207 Floating Content 207 Floating Box Model 210 Canceling Floated Content 213 Float Bugs in IE 6 216 The Peek-A-Boo Bug 218 The Guillotine Bug 220 The Three-Pixel Jog 222 The Double-Margin Bug 223 Vertically Aligning Content 225 Subscript and Superscript Text 225 The top, middle, and bottom Keywords 226 The text-top and text-bottom Keywords 227 Percentage and Length Value 229 Vertically Aligning the Contents of Table Cells 230 Chapter 10: Styling Lists 235 List Markup 235 The list-style-type Property 237 Styling Unordered Lists 237 Styling Ordered Lists 239 The list-style-image Property 244 The list-style-position Property 246 The list-style Shorthand Property 247 Chapter 11: Positioning 251 Introduction to Positioning 251 Absolute Positioning 252 Relative Positioning 256 Fixed Positioning 261 The z-axis and the z-index Property 267 The IE 6/ IE 7 z-index Bug 277 Chapter 12: Styling Tables 281 Optional Table Elements 281 Table Captions 283 Table Columns 285 Controlling Table Layout 288 Collapsing Borders 293 Controlling Border Spacing 295 Chapter 13: Create a Complete Layout 303 Creating the Page with HTML 303 Styling Text and Custom Fonts 307 Building the Layout 313 Gradient Backgrounds 317 Part III: Advanced CSS and Alternative Media 327 Chapter 14: Advanced Selectors 329 Direct Child Selectors 329 Next Sibling Selector 332 Attribute Selectors 334 Select by Presence of an Attribute 335 Select by Attribute Value 337 Attribute Substring Selectors 340 Pseudo-Elements :first-letter and :first-line 347 Structural Pseudo-Classes 349 :first-child 350 :last-child 350 :nth-child(n) 350 Chapter 15: Styling for Print 355 Benefits of Print Style Sheets 355 Applying Styles Based on Media 356 Controlling Styles for Media within a Style Sheet 360 Controlling Page Breaks 363 The Content Property 365 Chapter 16: Customizing the Mouse Cursor 369 The cursor Property 369 Cursor Compatibility 372 Chapter 17: Controlling Opacity and Visibility 377 The opacity Property 377 The visibility Property 381 Chapter 18: Styling Content for Mobile Devices 387 Why Mobile Is Important 387 Developing for Mobile 388 Testing Mobile Devices 388 Media Queries 389 Chapter 19: Closing Comments 399 CSS Summary 399 Future of CSS 400 Closing Statement 400 Appendix A: Answers to Exercises 401 Chapter 1 401 Chapter 2 401 Chapter 3 402 Chapter 4 403 Chapter 5 404 Chapter 6 405 Chapter 7 406 Chapter 8 407 Chapter 9 407 Chapter 10 408 Chapter 11 408 Chapter 12 409 Chapter 13 409 Chapter 14 410 Chapter 15 411 Chapter 16 412 Chapter 17 412 Chapter 18 413 Appendix B: Additional CSS Resources 415 Text Editors 415 Windows 415 Mac 415 Other 415 Browsers 415 HTML 416 CSS 416 Appendix C: CSS Reference 417 Reference Conventions 417 Selectors 418 Pseudo-Classes 419 Pseudo-Elements 420 Color Properties 420 Font Properties 421 Background Properties 423 Text Properties 424 Box Model Properties 426 Visual Eff ects 431 Positioning 432 Table Properties 434 User Interface 435 Generated Content, Automatic Numbering, and Lists 436 Appendix D: CSS Colors 439 Reds 439 Blues 441 Greens 442 Yellows 443 Browns 444 Grays 445 Index 447

Completely updated material and new examples show you what CSS can do

With the latest versions of Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, and other browsers released, CSS is more essential than ever. This beginner guide demonstrates how cascading style sheets can be used to define styles to items in Web pages, rather than format each item individually. Each lesson in this full-color book has been methodically revised to be more concise and efficient, making your learning experience as productive as possible.

• Covers the latest in CSS, including the new features of Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome
• Reviews the vast improvements to mobile browsers and how CSS can work with them
• Provides helpful examples and walks you through real-world solutions to common hurdles
• Discusses embedded fonts, compatibility tables, and cross-browser bug scenarios

Beginning CSS, Third Edition gets you completely up to date so that you can start using CSS in the newest Web and mobile browsers today!

Provides information on using CSS along with HTML, XHTML, and XML to create Web sites, covering such topics as Document Type Declaration, fonts, text, positioning, and styling of tables