Biodegradable Polymer Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

This book addresses the principles, methods and applications of biodegradable polymer based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The general principle of bone tissue engineering is reviewed and the traditional and novel scaffolding materials, their properties and scaffold fabrication techniques are explored. By acting as temporary synthetic extracellular matrices for cell accommodation, proliferation, and differentiation, scaffolds play a pivotal role in tissue engineering. This book does not only provide the comprehensive summary of the current trends in scaffolding design but also presents the new trends and directions for scaffold development for the ever expanding tissue engineering applications. Biodegradable Polymer-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering......Page 2 Preface......Page 4 Contents......Page 5 1.1 Tissue Engineering......Page 9 1.2.1 Bone Structure and Composition......Page 10 1.2.2 Mechanical Properties of Bone......Page 11 1.2.3 Existing Approaches for Bone Replacement and Regeneration......Page 12 1.3 Requirements for Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering......Page 13 1.3.2 Physical Properties......Page 14 1.3.5 Sterilizability......Page 15 1.4.1 Biopolymers......Page 16 1.4.1.2 PHB and PHBV Synthesis......Page 18 1.4.1.3 Physical, Mechanical and Miscellaneous Properties of PHB and PHBV......Page 19 1.4.2 Inorganic Materials......Page 20 1.4.3 Biodegradable Polymer Blends......Page 21 1.4.4 Composites......Page 22 References......Page 23 2.1 Scaffold Fabrication Techniques......Page 26 2.1.2 Solvent Casting and Particulate Leaching......Page 27 2.1.3 Polymer Phase Separation......Page 28 2.1.4 Rapid Prototyping......Page 29 2.1.6 Melt Molding......Page 30 2.1.7 Gas Foaming......Page 31 2.1.8 Emulsion FreezingFreeze-Drying Technique......Page 32 2.2 Surface Modification for Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds......Page 33 2.3 Protein Adsorption......Page 34 2.4.1 Material and Medium Factors Affecting Degradation......Page 35 2.4.2 General Mechanism of Degradation......Page 36 2.4.3 Kinetics of Degradation......Page 37 2.4.4.1 Polymer Morphology......Page 39 2.4.4.5 Others......Page 40 2.5 Degradation of PLLA and PHB Polymers......Page 41 2.6.1 Factors Affecting Diffusion Phenomena......Page 42 2.6.2 Fickian and Non-Fickian Diffusion in Polymeric Materials......Page 43 2.7.1 Cell Culture......Page 44 References......Page 46 3.1 Fabrication of Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds Using Emulsion FreezingFreeze-Drying Technique......Page 50 3.2 PolymerCeramic Composite Scaffolds and Characteristics of the Scaffolds......Page 56 3.3 In Vitro Degradation of PHBV and HAPHBV Scaffolds......Page 60 3.4 Surface Modification and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of the Scaffolds......Page 65 References......Page 66 Summary ......Page 68 Index......Page 69 This book addresses the principles, methods and applications of biodegradable polymer based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The general principle of bone tissue engineering is reviewed and the traditional and novel scaffolding materials, their properties and scaffold fabrication techniques are explored. By acting as temporary synthetic extracellular matrices for cell accommodation, proliferation, and differentiation, scaffolds play a pivotal role in tissue engineering. This book does not only provide the comprehensive summary of the current trends in scaffolding design but also presents new trends and directions for further research Introduction Requirements for scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Candidate biomaterials for tissue engineering scaffolds Scaffold fabrication techniques Biodegradable polymer based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Conclusion.