Broadband Wireless Mobile : 3G and Beyond

Broadband Wireless Mobile (3G and 4G) will be the next key developments in wireless communications. Immense interest has been fuelled by large demand for high frequency utilisation as well as a large number of users requiring simultaneous multidimensional high data rate access for the applications of wireless mobile internet and e-commerce. Broadband wireless mobile extends the corporate LAN to common areas such as meeting rooms and enables in-building public wireless hotspots such as airport lounges to provide wireless portable computer connectivity. People will be able to access information as if they were at their desk and will be able to communicate reliably and access securely the information most important to them, such as email, corporate data and the Internet. The 3G/4G systems will use a new network architecture (eg All-IP NET) to deliver broadband services in a more generic configuration to mobile customers and supports multidimensional services and emerging interactive multimedia communications. The world of telecommunications will continue to migrate toward wireless technologies and will ultimately provide users with mobile access to all types of media and information in a variety of forms including media phones and portable computers. • Provides coverage of 4G mobile - the newest development by ITU (International telecommunication Union) • Covers range of emerging wireless applications including WAP and iMode • Provides a world perspective on the topic as the authors are from USA, Europe and Japan An essential reference for engineers and researchers in the field of wireless communications systems (and electrical engineering), network planners and operators, as well as a valuable reference for students and management, marketing, sales or investor personnel in the area of wireless communications. BROADBAND WIRELESS MOBILE......Page 4 Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 12 List of Contributors......Page 16 1.1 Introduction......Page 18 1.2 Network Architecture......Page 20 1.3 Protocol Stack......Page 21 1.4 Compact Open Core......Page 22 1.5 Conclusions......Page 25 2.1 Introduction......Page 28 2.1.1 3GPP......Page 30 2.2 UMTS Air Interface......Page 31 2.2.1 Layer 1......Page 32 2.2.2 Layer 2......Page 65 2.2.3 Layer 3......Page 79 2.3 CDMA2000 Air Interface......Page 87 2.3.1 Layer 1......Page 88 2.3.2 Layer 2......Page 93 2.3.3 Layer 3......Page 102 2.4 Compatibility Issues......Page 107 2.4.1 3GPP-3G......Page 108 2.4.2 3G-2G......Page 110 2.5 Enhancing 3G Capabilities......Page 112 2.5.1 Adaptive Antennas......Page 115 2.5.2 Space-Time Transmission Diversity......Page 130 2.5.3 Turbo Coding......Page 138 2.5.4 Multiuser Detection......Page 145 2.6 Conclusions......Page 149 3.1 Introduction......Page 154 3.1.2 International Standardisation Activities......Page 155 3.1.3 General Aspects of 3G Systems......Page 157 3.1.4 Chapter Outline......Page 158 3.2.1 Physical Model......Page 159 3.2.2 Functional Model......Page 161 3.3 Network Architecture......Page 163 3.3.1 3GPP Release 99......Page 164 3.3.2 3GPP Release 4......Page 173 3.3.3 3GPP Release 5......Page 177 3.3.4 An Overview of PS Domain Protocols......Page 183 3.4.1 UTRAN Architecture......Page 186 3.4.2 UTRAN Functions......Page 191 3.4.3 Control and User Plane Separation in UTRAN......Page 193 3.4.4 UE-UTRAN Association......Page 194 3.4.6 The Iu Interface......Page 195 3.4.7 Key Features of Iu Interface......Page 196 3.4.8 Protocol Architecture across Iu......Page 198 3.4.9 Signalling Procedures across Iu......Page 204 3.4.10 Iur Interface......Page 215 3.4.11 Iub Interface......Page 222 3.4.12 Establishment of Data Bearers in UTRAN......Page 226 3.5 Network Access Security......Page 232 3.5.1 Key Security Principles......Page 233 3.5.3 Security Objectives......Page 234 3.5.4 Security Architecture......Page 235 3.5.5 Network Access Security......Page 237 4.1 Introduction......Page 256 4.2.1 WAP Markets......Page 257 4.2.2 WAP Architectures and Protocols......Page 260 4.2.3 WAP Securities......Page 268 4.2.4 WAP Interoperability......Page 269 4.2.5 WAP and 3Gwireless......Page 271 4.2.6 WAP Services and Applications......Page 273 4.2.7 WAP System Solutions......Page 277 4.3.2 i-Mode Compatible HTML......Page 279 4.3.3 i-Mode Network Structure......Page 280 4.3.4 Features of i-Mode......Page 281 4.3.5 i-Mode Applications......Page 282 4.3.6 i-Mode Developing Strategy......Page 283 4.4 Other Wireless Mobile Internet Application Technologies......Page 284 4.5 Conclusions......Page 285 5.1.2 Trends in ITU-R......Page 288 5.2 Microwave Propagation......Page 294 5.2.1 Microwave Mobile Propagation Characteristics in Urban Environments......Page 296 5.2.2 Microwave Mobile Propagation Characteristics in Residential Environments......Page 302 5.3.1 Introduction......Page 305 5.3.2 Algorithms......Page 307 5.3.3 Space-time Equaliser Using Adaptive Antennas......Page 308 5.3.4 Implementation of the Space-time Equaliser......Page 310 5.3.5 CDMA Adaptive Array Antennas......Page 312 5.3.6 SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access)......Page 313 5.4 Multiple Access Schemes......Page 317 5.4.1 Comparison and Improvement Technology of Multiple Access Schemes......Page 318 5.4.2 Multi-carrier CDMA......Page 319 5.5.1 Teletraffic Load in Cellular Radio Systems......Page 324 5.5.2 Teletraffic Management and Access Methods......Page 325 5.5.4 Control Methods in CDMA Systems......Page 326 5.5.5 Principle of Dynamic Cell Configuration......Page 327 5.5.6 Evaluation of DCC......Page 328 5.5.7 Characteristics in Up and Downlinks......Page 329 5.5.8 Future Works......Page 331 5.6 CDMA Cellular Packet Communications......Page 332 5.6.1 Transmission Power Control for Connection-less Services......Page 333 5.6.2 Service Fairness in a System with Site Diversity Reception......Page 335 5.6.3 Accommodation of Asymmetric Traffic......Page 339 5.6.4 Summary......Page 342 5.7 Network Architecture and Teletraffic Evaluation......Page 343 5.7.2 Reducing Forced Terminations During Handoff......Page 344 5.7.3 Handover Control Appropriate for Multimedia Communications Using ATM and IP Technologies......Page 348 5.7.4 A Mobile Communication Traffic Model......Page 349 5.8 TCP over 4G......Page 353 5.8.1 Transmission Rate Control......Page 356 5.8.2 Transmission Power Control for CDMA Wireless Systems......Page 357 5.8.3 Steady State Analysis for Combining of Transmission Power Control and Packet Transmission Rate Control......Page 358 5.8.4 Performance Evaluation......Page 359 5.9 Decoding Technique in Mobile Multimedia Communications......Page 360 6 Conclusions......Page 374 Index......Page 378 Wiley BROADBAND WIRELESS MOBILE 4 Contents 8 Preface 12 List of Contributors 16 1 Summary and Introduction 18 1.1 Introduction 18 1.2 Network Architecture 20 1.3 Protocol Stack 21 1.4 Compact Open Core 22 1.5 Conclusions 25 2 UMTS Air Interface 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.1.1 3GPP 30 2.1.2 3GPP2 31 2.2 UMTS Air Interface 31 2.2.1 Layer 1 32 2.2.2 Layer 2 65 2.2.3 Layer 3 79 2.3 CDMA2000 Air Interface 87 2.3.1 Layer 1 88 2.3.2 Layer 2 93 2.3.3 Layer 3 102 2.4 Compatibility Issues 107 2.4.1 3GPP-3G 108 2.4.2 3G-2G 110 2.5 Enhancing 3G Capabilities 112 2.5.1 Adaptive Antennas 115 2.5.2 Space-Time Transmission Diversity 130 2.5.3 Turbo Coding 138 2.5.4 Multiuser Detection 145 2.6 Conclusions 149 3 Network Architecture 154 3.1 Introduction 154 3.1.1 Requirements for 3G Systems 155 3.1.2 International Standardisation Activities 155 3.1.3 General Aspects of 3G Systems 157 3.1.4 Chapter Outline 158 3.2 Generic Network Model 159 3.2.1 Physical Model 159 3.2.2 Functional Model 161 3.3 Network Architecture 163 3.3.1 3GPP Release 99 164 3.3.2 3GPP Release 4 173 3.3.3 3GPP Release 5 177 3.3.4 An Overview of PS Domain Protocols 183 3.4 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network 186 3.4.1 UTRAN Architecture 186 3.4.2 UTRAN Functions 191 3.4.3 Control and User Plane Separation in UTRAN 193 3.4.4 UE-UTRAN Association 194 3.4.5 The Uu Interface 195 3.4.6 The Iu Interface 195 3.4.7 Key Features of Iu Interface 196 3.4.8 Protocol Architecture across Iu 198 3.4.9 Signalling Procedures across Iu 204 3.4.10 Iur Interface 215 3.4.11 Iub Interface 222 3.4.12 Establishment of Data Bearers in UTRAN 226 3.5 Network Access Security 232 3.5.1 Key Security Principles 233 3.5.2 Weaknesses in Second-Generation Security 234 3.5.3 Security Objectives 234 3.5.4 Security Architecture 235 3.5.5 Network Access Security 237 4 Emerging Wireless Applications and Protocols 256 4.1 Introduction 256 4.2 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 257 4.2.1 WAP Markets 257 4.2.2 WAP Architectures and Protocols 260 4.2.3 WAP Securities 268 4.2.4 WAP Interoperability 269 4.2.5 WAP and 3Gwireless 271 4.2.6 WAP Services and Applications 273 4.2.7 WAP System Solutions 277 4.3 i-Mode 279 4.3.1 What is i-Mode? 279 4.3.2 i-Mode Compatible HTML 279 4.3.3 i-Mode Network Structure 280 4.3.4 Features of i-Mode 281 4.3.5 i-Mode Applications 282 4.3.6 i-Mode Developing Strategy 283 4.4 Other Wireless Mobile Internet Application Technologies 284 4.5 Conclusions 285 5 Initiatives in 4G Mobile Design 288 5.1 Introduction – Who Needs 4G? What is 4G? 288 5.1.1 Social Background and Future Trends 288 5.1.2 Trends in ITU-R 288 5.1.3 Wireless Access Systems Related to 4G Mobile 294 5.1.4 Key Technologies 294 5.2 Microwave Propagation 294 5.2.1 Microwave Mobile Propagation Characteristics in Urban Environments 296 5.2.2 Microwave Mobile Propagation Characteristics in Residential Environments 302 5.3 Adaptive Antennas 305 5.3.1 Introduction 305 5.3.2 Algorithms 307 5.3.3 Space-time Equaliser Using Adaptive Antennas 308 5.3.4 Implementation of the Space-time Equaliser 310 5.3.5 CDMA Adaptive Array Antennas 312 5.3.6 SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) 313 5.3.7 Summary 317 5.4 Multiple Access Schemes 317 5.4.1 Comparison and Improvement Technology of Multiple Access Schemes 318 5.4.2 Multi-carrier CDMA 319 5.4.3 Summary 324 5.5 CDMA Dynamic Cell Configuration 324 5.5.1 Teletraffic Load in Cellular Radio Systems 324 5.5.2 Teletraffic Management and Access Methods 325 5.5.3 Channel Assignment 326 5.5.4 Control Methods in CDMA Systems 326 5.5.5 Principle of Dynamic Cell Configuration 327 5.5.6 Evaluation of DCC 328 5.5.7 Characteristics in Up and Downlinks 329 5.5.8 Future Works 331 5.6 CDMA Cellular Packet Communications 332 5.6.1 Transmission Power Control for Connection-less Services 333 5.6.2 Service Fairness in a System with Site Diversity Reception 335 5.6.3 Accommodation of Asymmetric Traffic 339 5.6.4 Summary 342 5.7 Network Architecture and Teletraffic Evaluation 343 5.7.1 Reducing Interruptions During Handoff 344 5.7.2 Reducing Forced Terminations During Handoff 344 5.7.3 Handover Control Appropriate for Multimedia Communications Using ATM and IP Technologies 348 5.7.4 A Mobile Communication Traffic Model 349 5.8 TCP over 4G 353 5.8.1 Transmission Rate Control 356 5.8.2 Transmission Power Control for CDMA Wireless Systems 357 5.8.3 Steady State Analysis for Combining of Transmission Power Control and Packet Transmission Rate Control 358 5.8.4 Performance Evaluation 359 5.8.5 Conclusions 360 5.9 Decoding Technique in Mobile Multimedia Communications 360 6 Conclusions 374 Index 378 0471486612,9780471486619 The convergence of broadband wireless mobile (3G wireless and 4G mobile) and wireless access systems will be the next significant development in wireless communications. Using an advanced network architecture will deliver broadband services in a more generic configuration to wireless customers and support value-added services and emerging interactive multimedia configurations. In the office, home, airport or shopping center your communicator will automatically be able to connect to the broadband short-range wireless access networks to provide high-speed wireless connections. This cutting edge The world of telecommunications will continue to migrate toward wireless technologies. This book provides coverage of 4G mobile--the newest development by ITU (International telecommunication Union.) It covers range of emerging wireless applications including WAP and iMode