Byzantine Materiality (Sense, Matter, and Medium, 9)

This volume explores the power of matter and materials in the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as Byzantium. Recent attention to matter as dynamic and meaningful constitutes an emerging, interdisciplinary field of inquiry known as materiality, new materialism, or the material turn. Materials can be symbolic, but matter can also act on human subjects. This volume builds on these insights to consider the role of matter, materials, form, and embodied experiences in Byzantium. In many respects, Byzantine materiality represents a continuation of its Greco-Roman inheritance, which was also shared by neighboring peoples such as the Umayyads and Abbasids. But the Byzantines also developed their own, unique perspectives on matter and form, as with their parsing of the sacred materialities of icons, the Eucharist, and relics. Chapters in this volume consider the cultural meanings and functions of materials such as gold and ivory, the materiality of icons and relics, experiences of objects, as well as Byzantine philosophies of matter and form. Materiality takes center stage in Byzantine constructions of power, luxury, belief, and identity, which will be of interest to scholars and students of Byzantium and the wider medieval world. Acknowledgments 6 Preface 8 Contents 10 Contributors 12 List of Figures 14 List of Abbreviations 20 Introduction 22 1 The Materiality of Charis in Early Byzantium 40 2 The Animate Floor in Early Byzantium: Glass and Gold 82 3 Early Christian and Byzantine Bread Stamps: An Ecology of Matter and Form 106 4 Whence Agency? 124 5 Miniature Materials, Major Monuments: Concrete Connections and Concrete Histories 142 6 Materiality and Metonymy: Seeing the Eucharist through Stone and Glass in the Middle Byzantine Liturgy 158 7 Being Material, Material Being: Ivory and Ontology 180 8 The Place of Materiality in Byzantine Thought 198 9 Icon, Eucharist, Relic: Negotiating the Division of Sacred Matter in Byzantium 214 10 Icons, Relics, and the Substance of Things Half Seen 256 Afterword 278 Bibliography 284 Index 312