Circadian Physiology, Third Edition

Circadian rhythms influence most of our life activities, notably getting up and going to sleep every day. This new edition of Circadian Physiology delves into the mechanisms surrounding how these rhythms work, the physiology and biology behind them, and the latest research on this cutting-edge field. The book also discusses a wide variety of practical topics including the prevention of jet lag, management of shift work, sleep disorders, depression, and the optimal times for physical and intellectual activities.To facilitate its use as a textbook, the book contains summaries, suggestions for further reading, links to pertinent websites, and exercises at the end of each chapter. It also includes software for data analysis, tutorials, and simulation programs discussed throughout the text. In addition, more than a thousand references have been added, resulting in a total of more than 6000 references.The text has been thoroughly updated as a result of major advances in recent years. This edition adds discussion on the anatomical and physiological characterization of photoresponsive ganglionic cells in the mammalian retina, molecular circadian clocks in cells of multiple organs other than the hypothalamus and the pineal gland, and advances in the understanding of post-translational mechanisms in the operation of the molecular clock. Content: HISTORY AND METHODSEarly Research on Circadian RhythmsRemote PastTwentieth CenturyCurrent TrendsEthics of Animal ResearchSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesResearch Methods in Circadian PhysiologyScientific MethodResearch on Populations and OrganismsResearch on Organs, Cells, and MoleculesResearch on the EnvironmentSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesAnalysis of Circadian RhythmicityData AnalysisParameters of Circadian RhythmsStatistical SignificanceSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesPHENOMENOLOGYUltradian and Infradian RhythmsEnvironmental RhythmsUltradian RhythmsInfradian RhythmsAnnual RhythmsSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesDaily and Circadian RhythmsEnvironmental and Populational RhythmsBehavioral RhythmsAutonomic RhythmsSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesMECHANISMSEndogenous MechanismsEndogenous RhythmicityInheritance MechanismsSingle or Multiple OscillatorsSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesPhotic Environmental MechanismsNonparametric Theory of EntrainmentPhotic ParametersSynthesis and ModelsSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesNonphotic Environmental MechanismsNonphotic EntrainmentSearching for a Common MechanismSeparate Food-Entrainable PacemakerSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesIntegration of MechanismsInternal Temporal OrderEcology and EvolutionLifetime ChangesSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesHomeostasis and Circadian RhythmicityTemperature RegulationSleep, Feeding, and Energy ExpenditureSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesPHYSICAL SUBSTRATESReceptorsSensory InputPhotic ReceptorsNonphotic ReceptorsSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesPacemakersSuprachiasmatic NucleusCellular ProcessesMolecular ProcessesOther PacemakersSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingReferencesAfference and EfferenceAfferent PathwaysEfferent PathwaysSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesAPPLICATIONSOptimal Timing on Earth and in SpacePatterns of Human MobilityBest Time for Sports and Intellectual ActivitiesSpace ExplorationSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesJet-Lag and Shift WorkJet-Lag SyndromeShift-Work MalaiseDaylight-Saving TimeSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesHuman MedicineChronotherapeuticsSleep DisordersDepressionSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesPet Selection and Veterinary MedicinePet SelectionVeterinary MedicineSummaryExercisesSuggestions for Further ReadingWebsites to ExploreReferencesAppendix A: Assessment of LearningAppendix B: Dictionary of Circadian PhysiologyAppendix C: Organisms Used Section 1. History and methods -- section 2. Phenomenology -- section 3. Mechanisms -- section 4. Physical substrates -- section 5. Applications