مصاحبه‌های برنامه‌نویسی: سوالات، تحلیل و راه‌حل‌ها (صدای کارشناسان در برنامه‌نویسی)

This book is about coding interview question of software and Internet companies. It covers five key factors which determine performance of candidates: (1) the basics of programming languages, data structures and algorithms, (2) approaches to writing code with high quality, (3) tips to solve difficult problems, (4) methods to optimize code, (5) soft skills required in interviews. The basics of languages, algorithms and data structures are discussed as well as questions that explore how to write robust solutions after breaking down problems into manageable pieces. It also includes examples to focus on modeling and creative problem solving. Interview questions from the most popular companies in the IT industry are taken as examples to illustrate the five factors above. Besides solutions, it contains detailed analysis, how interviewers evaluate solutions, as well as why they like or dislike them. Readers will improve their interview performance after reading this book. It will be beneficial for them even after they get offers, because its topics, such as approaches to analyzing difficult problems, writing robust code and optimizing, are all essential for high-performing coders. What you’ll learn Necessary knowledge for coding interviews, including programming languages, algorithms and data structures Tips to write complete and robust code Approaches to simplifying and solving difficult problems, with examples, figures and discussion Methods to optimizing memory and space efficiency Tips to demonstrate communication skills and learning skills during interviews Standards in interviewers’ minds to evaluate candidates’ performance Who this book is for Targeted audiences of this book include students who are interested in programming-related careers, as well as developers with less-than-three-year experience who are looking for more career opportunities. Table of Contents1. Interview Process 2. Programming Languages 3. Data Structures 4. Algorithms 5. High Quality Code 6. Approaches to Solutions 7. Optimization 8. Skills for Interviews 9. Interview Cases Cover 1 Contents at a Glance 3 Table of Contents 287 About the Author 292 Acknowledgments 293 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Interview Process 6 Types of Interviews 6 Phone Interviews 6 On-Site Interviews 8 Phases of Interviews 8 Behavior Interview 9 Technical Interview 12 Q/A Time 16 Summary 17 Chapter 2: Programming Languages 18 C 18 Palindrome Numbers 21 C++ 22 C++ Concepts 23 Analyzing Execution of C++ Code 23 Implementing a Class or Member Function in C++ 24 Assignment Operator 24 C# 27 Singleton 28 Java 32 Java Keywords 32 Data Containers 34 Thread Scheduler 35 Summary 37 Chapter 3: Data Structures 38 Arrays 38 Duplication in an Array 39 Search in a 2-D Matrix 42 String 47 Strings in C/C++ 47 Strings in C# 48 Strings in Java 49 Replace Blanks in a String 50 String Matching 54 Linked Lists 58 Print Lists from Tail to Head 59 Sort Lists 61 Loop in List 64 Trees 68 Next Nodes in Binary Trees 69 Binary Search Tree Verification 71 Stack and Queue 75 Build a Queue with Two Stacks 75 Build a Stack with Two Queues 77 Summary 79 Chapter 4: Algorithms 80 Recursion and Iteration 80 Fibonacci Sequence 81 Search and Sort 86 Binary Search in Partially Sorted Arrays 89 Majorities in Arrays 92 Backtracking 95 String Path in Matrix 96 Robot Move 98 Dynamic Programming and Greedy Algorithms 99 Edit Distance 100 Minimal Number of Coins for Change 103 Minimal Times of Presses on Keyboards 104 Bit Operations 106 Number of 1s in Binary 107 Numbers Occurring Only Once 110 Summary 114 Chapter 5: High-Quality Code 115 Clearness 115 Completeness 116 Test Cases for Completeness 116 Strategies to Handle Errors 117 Power of Integers 118 Big Numbers as Strings 121 Delete Nodes from a List 127 Partition Numbers in Arrays 131 Robustness 136 Node from End 136 Reverse a List 139 Summary 145 Chapter 6: Approaches to Solutions 146 Figures to Visualize Problems 146 Print Matrix in Spiral Order 149 Clone Complex Lists 152 Examples to Simplify Problems 155 Stack with Min Function 155 Push and Pop Sequence of Stacks 160 Print Binary Trees Level by Level 162 Paths in Binary Trees 168 Divide and Conquer 171 Traversal Sequences and Binary Trees 171 Binary Search Trees and Double-Linked Lists 177 Permutation and Combination 182 Summary 188 Chapter 7: Optimization 189 Time Efficiency 189 Median in a Stream 190 Minimum 193 Numbers 193 Intersection of Sorted Arrays 196 Greatest Sum of Sub-Arrays 198 Digit 1 Appears in Sequence from 1 to 200 Concatenate an Array to Get a Minimum Number 203 Space-Time Trade-Off 205 Ugly Numbers 206 Hash Tables for Characters 209 Reversed Pairs in Array 215 First Intersection Node in Two Lists 218 Summary 220 Chapter 8: Skills for Interviews 221 Communication and Learning Skills 221 Communications Skills 221 Learning Skills 222 Knowledge Migration Skill 222 Time of Occurrences in a Sorted Array 223 Application of Binary Tree Traversals 225 Sum in Sequences 229 Reversing Words and Rotating Strings 235 Maximum in a Queue 238 Mathematical Modeling Skill 243 Probabilities of Dice Points 243 Last Number in a Circle 245 Minimum Number of Moves to Sort Cards 248 Most Profit from Stock 251 Divergent Thinking Skills 253 Calculating 1+2+...+ 254 Implementation of +, -, *, and / 257 Final/Sealed Classes in C++ 261 Array Construction 263 Summary 264 Chapter 9: Interview Cases 265 Index 277 Apress

This book is about coding interview question of software and Internet companies. It covers five key factors which determine performance of candidates: (1) the basics of programming languages, data structures and algorithms, (2) approaches to writing code with high quality, (3) tips to solve difficult problems, (4) methods to optimize code, (5) soft skills required in interviews. The basics of languages, algorithms and data structures are discussed as well as questions that explore how to write robust solutions after breaking down problems into manageable pieces.It also includes examples to focus on modeling and creative problem solving.

Interview questions from the most popular companies in the IT industry are taken as examples to illustrate the five factors above. Besides solutions, it contains detailed analysis, how interviewers evaluate solutions, as well as why they like or dislike them.

Readers will improve their interview performance after reading this book. It will be beneficial for them even after they get offers, because its topics, such as approaches to analyzing difficult problems, writing robust code and optimizing, are all essential for high-performing coders.

What you’ll learn

• Necessary knowledge for coding interviews, including programming languages, algorithms and data structures
• Tips to write complete and robust code
• Approaches to simplifying and solving difficult problems, with examples, figures and discussion
• Methods to optimizing memory and space efficiency
• Tips to demonstrate communication skills and learning skills during interviews
• Standards in interviewers’ minds to evaluate candidates’ performance

Who this book is for

Targeted audiences of this book include students who are interested in programming-related careers, as well as developers with less-than-three-year experience who are looking for more career opportunities.

Table of Contents1. Interview Process

2. Programming Languages

3. Data Structures

4. Algorithms

5. High Quality Code

6. Approaches to Solutions

7. Optimization

8. Skills for Interviews

9. Interview Cases

This book is about coding interview questions from software and Internet companies. It covers five key factors which determine performance of candidates: (1) the basics of programming languages, data structures and algorithms, (2) approaches to writing code with high quality, (3) tips to solve difficult problems, (4) methods to optimize code, (5) soft skills required in interviews. The basics of languages, algorithms and data structures are discussed as well as questions that explore how to write robust solutions after breaking down problems into manageable pieces. It also includes examples to focus on modeling and creative problem solving. Interview questions from the most popular companies in the IT industry are taken as examples to illustrate the five factors above. Besides solutions, it contains detailed analysis, how interviewers evaluate solutions, as well as why they like or dislike them. The author makes clever use of the fact that interviewees will have limited time to program meaningful solutions which in turn, limits the options an interviewer has. So the author covers those bases. Readers will improve their interview performance after reading this book. It will be beneficial for them even after they get offers, because its topics, such as approaches to analyzing difficult problems, writing robust code and optimizing, are all essential for high-performing coders.