Communication: Making Connections (10th Edition)

__For courses in Introduction to Communication.__ **Connect. Communicate. Thrive.** **__Communication: Making Connections__** helps readers make connections in their daily lives, communicate more effectively, and succeed in our ever-changing world. Authors William Seiler, Melissa Beall, and Joseph Mazer balance a thorough—yet straightforward—explanation of basic principles with a solid theoretical foundation, backed by the most up-to-date research. The **Tenth Edition** has been revised to ensure it is fresher, more useful, and more engaging than previous editions. Relevant examples, thought-provoking questions, and signature boxed features enhance the learning experience and guide readers in mastering their objectives. **Also available with MyCommunicationLab^®^** MyCommunicationLab for the Introduction to Communication course extends learning online to engage students and improve results. Media resources with assignments bring concepts to life, and offer students opportunities to practice applying what they’ve learned. Please note: this version of MyCommunicationLab does not include an eText. __Communication: Making Connections,__ Tenth Edition is also available via **REVEL**TM, an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience. **Note:** You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab^TM^ & Mastering^TM^ does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab & Mastering, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyLab & Mastering, search for: **0134319990 / 9780134319995** **Communication: Making Connections Plus MyCommunicationLab for Introduction to Communication--Access Card Package, 10/e** Package consists of: * 0133882942 / 9780133882940 NEW MyCommunicationLab for Introduction to Communication-- Valuepack Access Card * 0134184971 / 9780134184975 Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition Cover Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Contents Preface About the Authors Part 1 Making Connections through Communication Chapter 1 Connecting Process and Principles Communication: Making Connections What Is Communication? Why Should We Study Communication? Communication and Our Technological Society Communication and Career Development Communication and Ethical Behavior Communication and Our Multicultural Society Principles of Communication Communication Is a Process Communication Is a System Communication Is Transactional Communication Can Be Intentional or Unintentional Essential Components of Communication Source/Sender Determining meanings Encoding Sending Reacting Message Interference/Noise Channel Receiver Feedback Environment Context Types of Communication Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication Public Communication Mass Communication Communication via Social Media Distinguishing Social Media from Face-to-Face Communication Interactivity Temporal Structure Social Cues Replicability Storage Reach Mobility Misconceptions About Communication Myth 1: Communication Is a Cure-All Myth 2: Quantity Means Quality Myth 3: Meaning Is in the Words We Use Myth 4: We Have a Natural Ability to Communicate Myth 5: Communication Is Reversible Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 2 Connecting Perception and Communication Perception and Communication The Perception Process Selection Selective Sxposure SelectIve AttentIon SelectIve RetentIon Organization Closure Proximity Similarity Interpretation Interpretation Based on Past Experience Interpretation Based on New Situations Interpretations Based on Others’ Opinions Interpretation Based on Verbal Communication Perceptual Differences Perceptual Set and Stereotyping Attribution Error Physical Characteristics Psychological State Cultural Background Gender Media Improving Perception Competencies and Perception Checking Become an Active Perceiver Recognize That Each Person’s Frame of Reference Is Unique Distinguish Facts from Inferences Become Aware of the Role of Perceptions in Communication Keep an Open Mind Perception Checking: Being a Competent Communicator Summary Discussion Starters Answers Chapter 3 Connecting Self and Communication Understanding Self-Concept Development of Self-Concept Values Attitudes Beliefs Communication and Self-Concept Social Media and Self-Concept Online Self-Disclosure Online Social Connection Convenience Online Apprehension Miscommunication Culture and Self-Concept Gender and Self-Concept Sex and Gender Gender Stereotypes Gender Expectations Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Impression Management Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Impression Management Enhancing Self-Concept Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 4 Connecting through Verbal Communication The Importance of Language The Elements of Language Sounds Words Grammar Meaning Do words Contain Meaning? Words Have Denotative and Connotative Meanings Words Can Be Concrete or Abstract Words Can Be Specific or Vague Meaning Depends on Commonalities Language Can Obscure Meanings Language-Based Barriers to Communication Meanings Can Be Misunderstood Language Can Shape Our Attitudes Language Can Cause Polarization Language Can Be Sexist or Homophobic Culture Affects Language Use Language and Technology How to Use Language Effectively Use Accurate Language Use Vivid Language Use Immediate Language Use Appropriate Language Use Metaphorical Language Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 5 Connecting through Nonverbal Communication What Is Nonverbal Communication? Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Occurs Constantly Nonverbal Communication Depends on Context Nonverbal Communication Is More Believable Than Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Is a Primary Means of Expression Nonverbal Communication Is Related to Culture Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous Why Should You Know about Nonverbal Communication? An Overview Functions of Nonverbal Communication Complementing Verbal Behavior Repeating Verbal Behavior Regulating Verbal Behavior Substituting for Verbal Behavior Deceiving Types of Nonverbal Communication Facial Expressions and Body Movements Eye Behavior or Oculesics Facial Expressions Body Movements Physical Characteristics Touch Space Time Paralanguage/Vocalics Silence Artifacts Environment Improving Our Ability to Send and Interpret Nonverbal Communication Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 6 Connecting Listening and Thinking in the Communication Process The Importance of Effective Listening Effective Listening Sensing Information Processing (Evaluation, Interpretation, and Understanding): Remembering Thinking Focus and Attention Interpreting Evaluating Responding and Sending Feedback The Functions of Listening Listening to Obtain Information Listening to Evaluate Listening with Empathy Listening for Enjoyment Barriers to Effective Listening Consider the Topic or Speaker Uninteresting Criticize the Speaker Instead of the Message Concentrate on Details, Not Main Ideas Avoiding Difficult Listening Situations Tolerate or Fail to Adjust to Distractions Fake Attention Bias and Prejudice Preferred Thinking Critical Listening and Critical Thinking: Analyzing and Evaluating Messages Assess the Speaker’s Motivation Judge the Accuracy of the Speaker’s Conclusions Improve Listening Competence Listening and Technology Avoid Overdependence on Media Digital Literacy Intercultural Listening Summary Discussion Starters Part 2 Connecting in the Public Context Chapter 7 Selecting a Topic and Connecting to the Audience Select a Speech Topic Select an Appropriate Topic Techniques for Finding a Topic Self-Inventory Environmental Issues Brainstorming Review the Current Media Engage Listeners with Social Media Surf the Web Assess the Appropriateness of a Topic Narrow the Topic Determine the General Purpose, Specific Purpose, and Thesis of a Speech The General Purpose Informative Speeches Persuasive Speeches Entertainment Speeches The Specific Purpose The Thesis Audience Analysis: Connecting with the Listeners Understand the Listeners’ Point of View Captive versus Voluntary Participants Key Audience Information Demographic Analysis Psychological Analysis Ways to Learn about the Audience Observation Survey Interviews Questionnaires Use Information to Connect with Listeners Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 8 Research: Gathering and Using Information Develop a Research Plan Research: Gathering Information The Internet as an Information Source Social Media as an Information Source You as an Information Source The Interview as an Information Source The Library as an Information Source The Library Computer Search Suggestions for Research Use Research to Support and Clarify Ideas Testimony Examples Brief Examples Illustrations Analogies Definitions Statistics Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 9 Organizing and Outlining Your Speech Organize the Body of Your Speech Develop the Main Points Relate Main Points, Specific Purpose, and Thesis Present the Main Points Limit the Number of Main Points Order the Main Points The Time-Sequence Pattern Choosing the Best Pattern Connect the Main Points Transitions Signposts Internal Previews Internal Summaries Support the Main Points Organize the Introduction of Your Speech Orient the Audience to the Topic Refer to the Subject or Occasion Use Personal References or Narratives Ask Rhetorical Questions Present A Startling Statement Use Humor Incorporate Quotations State the Specific Purpose and Thesis Motivate the Audience to Listen Forecast the Main Points Organize the Conclusion of Your Speech Show That You Are Finishing the Speech Make Your Thesis Clear Review the Main Points End with a Memorable Thought Synthesize and Summarize Outline Your Speech Principles of Outlining The Preliminary Outline The Full-Sentence Outline The Presentational Outline Summary Discussion Starters Answers and Explanations Chapter 10 Managing Anxiety and Apprehension When Delivering Your Speech Managing Speech Anxiety Communication Apprehension Symptoms of Speech Anxiety Causes of Speech Anxiety Communication Apprehension, Anxiety, and Cultural Concerns Treating Speech Anxiety and Apprehension Methods of Delivery Impromptu Delivery Manuscript Delivery Memorized Delivery Extemporaneous Delivery Vocal and Physical Aspects of Delivery Vocal Aspects Vocal Quality Intelligibility Vocal Variety Physical Aspects Personal Appearance Body Movement Gestures Facial Expressions Eye Contact Presentational Aids Benefits of Presentational Aids Make A Speech Understandable and Memorable Enhance Speaker Credibility Create audience Attention and Interest Provide Support Help with Delivery Choosing and Using Presentational Aids Types of Presentational Aids Computer-Generated Images Video and Digitized Video Clips Real Objects Models Photographs, Drawings, and Diagrams Presentation Software Deciding When to Use PowerPoint or Prezi in Your Presentations Creating Effective PowerPoint or Prezi Presentations Color Type and Size of Font Displaying the Slide Show Use of Graphics and Pictures Using Presentational Aids: Who’s Really in Control? Poise Recovery Practice Your Delivery Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 11 Informative Speaking Information and Power Distinctions Between Informative and Persuasive Speaking Topics for Informative Speeches Objects Processes Events Concepts Preparing and Developing an Informative Speech Gain and Maintain Audience Attention Generate a Need for the Information Create Information Relevance Provide a Fresh Perspective Focus on the Unusual Increase Understanding of the Topic Organize Your Presentation Choose Language Carefully Use Description Use Definitions Hints for Effective Informative Speaking Avoid Assumptions Personalize Information Evaluate the Informative Speech Topic General Requirements Audience Analysis Supporting Materials Organization Delivery Language Choice Analysis and Evaluation Summary Discussion Starters Appendix 11: Informative Speech Topics Chapter 12 Persuasive Speaking The Goal of Persuasive Speaking Topics for Persuasive Speeches Questions of Fact Questions of Value Questions of Policy Persuasive Claims Establish Credibility (Ethos) Competence Character Trustworthiness Ethics Charisma Becoming Effective Consumers of Persuasion Prepare and Develop a Persuasive Speech Researching the Topic Organizing the Speech The Problem–Solution Pattern The Cause–Effect Pattern Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Pattern Supporting Materials Appeals to Needs Logical Appeals (Logos) Emotional Appeals Persuasive Strategies Fallacies in Argument Development Fallacies of Reason Questionable Cause AD Hominem Fallacies of Evidence Fact Versus Opinion Red Herring Hasty Generalization Post Hoc Fallacy Either–OR Reasoning Evaluate the Persuasive Speech Topic General Requirements Audience Analysis Supporting Materials Organization Delivery Language Choice Analysis and Evaluation Summary Discussion Starters Appendix 12: Persuasive Speech Topics Part 3 Connecting in the Relational Contexts Chapter 13 Interpersonal Communication: A Theoretical Foundation Connecting with Others via Interpersonal Communication Relationships Interpersonal Communication Theories of Interpersonal Communication Uncertainty Reduction Theory Uncertainty Management Theory Social Information Processing Theory Social Penetration Theory Social Exchange Theory Interpersonal Needs Theory The Need for Affection The Need for Inclusion The Need for Control Dialectical Theory Connection–Autonomy Openness–Closedness Novelty–Predictability Managing Relational Tensions Self-Disclosure in Relationships Why Do We Self-Disclose? Self-Presentation Relationship Building Catharsis When Shouldn’t We Self-Disclose Too Much? Self-Disclosure and Privacy Self-Disclosure and Gender Self-Disclosure and Culture Self-Disclosure and Rhetorical Sensitivity Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 14 Developing and Maintaining Relationships: From Formation to Dissolution Interpersonal Communication Competence Relationship Formation Interpersonal Attraction Physical Attributes Communication and Attraction Chemistry or Physical Attraction Meeting Online Relationships: Initiation or Coming Together Initiating Experimenting Intensifying Integrating Bonding Relationship Maintenance Strategies Positivity Openness Assurances Blending Social Networks Sharing Tasks Relationship Dissolution Signs That Show a Relationship Is in Trouble Aggressive Behavior Lies Betrayal Relationships: Coming Apart or Breaking Up Differentiating Circumscribing Stagnating Avoiding Terminating Duck’s Phases of Dissolution The Intrapsychic Phase The Dyadic Phase The Social Phase The Grave-Dressing Phase Interpersonal Conflict What Causes Conflict? Does Conflict Have to Be Destructive? When Is Conflict Beneficial? What Are Useful Strategies for Conflict Management or Resolution in Interpersonal Relationships? Withdrawing Accommodating Forcing Negotiating Collaboration Relational Repair Strategies Improving Communication Competence in Relationships Establish Supportive and Caring Relationships Nurture a Supportive Environment Invite More Communication Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 15 Group and Team Communication Small-Group Communication: Making the Connection to Our Everyday Lives What a Group or Team Is Project or Work Teams Formation and Development of Groups Cultural Influences on Group Formation Characteristics of Small Groups Interdependence Commitment Cohesiveness Gender Makeup Establishing a Group Culture Group Size Group Norms Purposes and Types of Groups Primary Groups Secondary Groups Social Media Groups Ethical Behavior in Group Communication Working in Groups or Teams: Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages The Disadvantages of Working in Small Groups Going Along to Get Along Time-Consuming Nature of Group Work Varying Interaction Unfair Workloads Pressure to Fail Grouphate Phenomenon Summary Discussion Starters Chapter 16 Participating in Groups and Teams Group and Team Building Setting Goals Determining Roles Leadership Leading a Group or Team Leadership Styles and Behavior Leadership and Task or Relationship Orientation Leadership and Power Distribution Leadership and Gender Differences Member Participation Roles of Group Members Contributions of Group Members Reaching Group Members’ Consensus Managing Group Conflict Conflict and Group Communication Conflict Online Ethical Behavior and Conflict Problem Solving and Decision Making Determining and Stating the Problem Discuss the Problem and Its Solution Dewey’s Reflective Thinking Gouran’s and Hirokawa’s Functional Theory Brainstorming Brainstorming via Technology Evaluating Small-Group Performance Summary Discussion Starters Appendix Glossary Endnotes Index Credits For courses in Introduction to Communication. Connect. Communicate. Thrive. Communication: Making Connections helps readers make connections in their daily lives, communicate more effectively, and succeed in our ever-changing world. Authors William Seiler, Melissa Beall, and Joseph Mazer balance a thorough—yet straightforward—explanation of basic principles with a solid theoretical foundation, backed by the most up-to-date research. The Tenth Edition has been revised to ensure it is fresher, more useful, and more engaging than previous editions. Relevant examples, thought-provoking questions, and signature boxed features enhance the learning experience and guide readers in mastering their objectives. Also available with MyCommunicationLab ® MyCommunicationLab for the Introduction to Communication course extends learning online to engage students and improve results. Media resources with assignments bring concepts to life, and offer students opportunities to practice applying what they’ve learned. Please note: this version of MyCommunicationLab does not include an eText. Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition is also available via REVEL TM, an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab TM & Mastering TM does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab & Mastering, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyLab & Mastering, search for: 0134319990 / 9780134319995 Communication: Making Connections Plus MyCommunicationLab for Introduction to Communication--Access Card Package, 10/e Package consists of: 0133882942 / 9780133882940 NEW MyCommunicationLab for Introduction to Communication-- Valuepack Access Card 0134184971 / 9780134184975 Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition