Communication works

Cover Page......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Dedication......Page 4 Brief Contents......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 About the Authors......Page 18 Acknowledgments......Page 27 Half Title Page......Page 30 PART 1 THE ESSENTIALS OF COMMUNICATION......Page 31 CHAPTER 1 Communication: Begin Right Here!......Page 32 What Is Communication?......Page 33 Messages......Page 35 Noise......Page 36 Effect......Page 37 Models of Communication......Page 38 Communication Has No Opposite......Page 40 Media and Technology Are Transforming Communication......Page 41 To Form Meaningful Relationships......Page 45 To Influence Others......Page 46 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Effective Communication......Page 47 Summary......Page 48 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 50 CHAPTER 2 Communicating in a Multicultural Society and World......Page 52 Culture’s Many Faces: Speaking of Difference......Page 53 What Happened to the Melting Pot?......Page 54 Culture and Communication......Page 55 What You Understand About Difference Matters......Page 56 How You Feel About Difference Matters......Page 57 Influences on Cultural Identity......Page 58 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Through Others’ Eyes......Page 59 Cultures and Co-Cultures......Page 60 Dimensions of Culture in Action......Page 62 High Context versus Low Context......Page 63 Masculine versus Feminine Culture......Page 64 Technology and Community......Page 65 COMMUNICATION SKILLS : Practice Intercultural Communication......Page 67 Summary......Page 68 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 70 CHAPTER 3 The “I” Behind the Eye: Perception and the Self......Page 72 Picturing Perception in Action......Page 73 How We Perceive......Page 74 How We Organize Our Perceptions......Page 76 Looking at the Self......Page 78 The Self-Concept/Behavior Connection......Page 79 How Self-Concept Develops......Page 80 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Age, Physical Challenges, Self-Esteem, and Perception......Page 82 SKILL BUILDER: Me, You, and Media......Page 83 Identifying Our Life Scripts......Page 85 Viewing Ourselves and Others: The Johari Window......Page 86 Managing Impressions......Page 88 Is Your Past Following You?......Page 89 Are Your Eyes and Mind Closed?......Page 90 Do You Freeze Your Perceptions?......Page 91 Are You a Lazy Perceiver?......Page 92 Are You Wearing Blinders?......Page 93 Do You Confuse Facts and Inferences?......Page 94 Do You Lack Empathy?......Page 95 Gender, Self-Concept, and Perception......Page 96 Culture, Self-Concept, and Perception......Page 98 Self-Concept, Perception, and Media and Technology......Page 100 COMMUNICATION SKILLS : Practice Improving Perception of the Self and Others......Page 104 Summary......Page 105 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 106 CHAPTER 4 Language and Meaning: Helping Minds Meet......Page 108 The Communication of Meaning......Page 109 Meanings Are Both Denotative and Connotative......Page 110 SKILL BUILDER: A Time Capsule for Words......Page 112 Whether Language Is Concrete or Abstract Influences Meaning......Page 113 Bypassing: Confusing Meanings......Page 114 Polarization: The Missing Middle......Page 115 Politically Correct Language......Page 116 Culture Influences the Words Used......Page 117 Culture Influences Communication Style......Page 119 Prejudiced Talk......Page 120 Globalization Influences Language Use......Page 121 Hip-Hop and Rap Talk......Page 122 Gender and Speech Style......Page 123 MEDIA WISE: What Words Do We Remember? What Words Do We Use?......Page 124 Gender- Lects......Page 125 Language and Power......Page 126 Profanity and Obscenity: Incivility and the Coarsening of Language......Page 127 Technology and Language Use......Page 129 COMMUNICATION SKILLS : Practice Thinking Critically about Language Use......Page 130 Summary......Page 131 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 132 CHAPTER 5 Nonverbal Communication: Silent Language Speaks......Page 134 Communicating Without Words......Page 135 Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication: Cues and Contexts......Page 136 Message Reinforcement or Complementation......Page 137 Message Substitution......Page 138 Body Language: Kinesics......Page 139 Voice: Paralanguage......Page 144 Space and Distance: Proxemic and Environmental Factors......Page 147 Appearance......Page 151 MEDIA WISE: Body Talk, Clothes Talk......Page 152 Colors: Meanings and Associations......Page 153 Time: Communicative Value of Chronemics......Page 155 Touch: Haptics......Page 156 Smell: Olfactics......Page 157 Truth, Deception, and Nonverbal Communication......Page 158 Gender and Nonverbal Behavior: Masculine and Feminine Styles......Page 159 Culture and Nonverbal Behavior......Page 160 Technology and Nonverbal Communication......Page 162 COMMUNICATION SKILLS : Practice Using and Observing Nonverbal Cues......Page 164 Summary......Page 165 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 166 CHAPTER 6 Listening, Feedback, and Critical Thinking......Page 168 Listening and Communication......Page 169 Listening Is More Than Hearing......Page 170 Listening Takes Effort......Page 171 Are You Ready to Listen Beyond Words?......Page 175 Empathic Listening......Page 176 The Stages of Listening: More Than Meets the Ear......Page 177 The Remembering Stage......Page 178 The Ethics of Listening: Problem Behaviors......Page 179 Feedback: The Listener’s Response......Page 181 SKILL BUILDER: Looking at Faulty Listening......Page 182 EXPLORING DIVERSITY: Feedback in Japan......Page 184 What Critical Thinkers Think About......Page 186 The Critical versus the Uncritical Thinker......Page 187 Gender and Listening Style......Page 188 Influence of Culture on Listening......Page 189 Technology Influences......Page 191 MEDIA WISE: Listening Gains and Losses......Page 192 EXPLORING DIVERSITY: Online Listeners......Page 193 COMMUNICATION SKILLS : Practice Listening Skills......Page 194 Summary......Page 195 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 196 Looking Back and Ahead: Consider This Case: First Impressions......Page 197 PART 2 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION......Page 199 CHAPTER 7 Understanding Relationships......Page 200 The Role of Relationships......Page 201 Relationships Fulfill Needs......Page 202 Conversations Connect Us with Others......Page 204 Relationships Differ in Breadth and Depth......Page 206 Self-Disclosure Affects Breadth and Depth......Page 207 Development and Analysis of Relationships......Page 208 Relationship Stages: A Developmental Model......Page 209 A Special Case: Relationship Termination Caused by Death......Page 213 Relationships Have Costs and Benefits......Page 214 Relationships Experience Tensions......Page 215 Lying and Relationship Development......Page 216 Trust and Relationship Development......Page 218 Laughter as an Interpersonal Tool......Page 219 Gender and Relationships......Page 220 Culture and Relationships......Page 222 Technology and Our Relationships......Page 223 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Improving Interpersonal Relationships......Page 226 Summary......Page 227 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 228 CHAPTER 8 Person-to-Person: Relationships in Context......Page 230 Reinforcement......Page 231 We Start as Strangers: Reducing Relationship Uncertainty......Page 232 Friendships......Page 233 Romantic Relationships......Page 235 Family Relationships......Page 236 Work Relationships......Page 237 Emotions in Action......Page 238 The Range of Emotions......Page 239 Can You Feel What Others Feel?......Page 240 Are Feelings Shared?......Page 242 Suppressing and Disclosing Feelings......Page 243 EXPLORING DIVERSITY: Culture, Gender, and Emotional Displays......Page 245 Categorizing Conflict......Page 246 SKILL BUILDER: Do You Argue the Right Way?......Page 247 Managing Conflict......Page 249 Gender, Culture, and the Handling of Conflict......Page 250 Resolving Conflict: Styles of Expression......Page 252 Technology, Relationships, and the Communication of Emotion......Page 256 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Handling Feelings Effectively......Page 259 Summary......Page 260 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 261 Looking Back and Ahead: Consider This Case: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do......Page 262 PART 3 COMMUNICATING IN THE SMALL GROUP......Page 263 CHAPTER 9 Groups and Teams: Strategies for Decision Making and Problem Solving......Page 264 Groups, Teams, and You......Page 265 Group Size......Page 267 Group Goals, Structure, and Climate......Page 268 The Dynamics of Group Development......Page 269 Disadvantages of the Small Group......Page 271 SKILL BUILDER: Golden Rules of Decision Making......Page 272 Understanding the Roles Group Members Play......Page 273 Maintenance-Oriented Roles......Page 274 Self-Serving Roles......Page 275 Supportiveness versus Defensiveness......Page 276 Strategies: Methods of Decision Making......Page 279 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Group Polarization......Page 281 A Framework for Decision Making: Refl ective Thinking......Page 282 The Search for Better Ideas: Brainstorming......Page 283 Gender and Group Member Behavior......Page 286 Culture and Group Member Behavior......Page 287 Technology and Groups: Groups in Cyberspace......Page 289 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Tips for Improving Group Communication......Page 291 Summary......Page 293 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 294 CHAPTER 10 Leading Others and Resolving Conflict......Page 296 What Is Leadership?......Page 297 Leadership Styles......Page 298 MEDIA WISE: Shakespeare, Pop Culture, and Leadership......Page 299 Theories of Leadership......Page 301 Leading the Way Through Conflict Management......Page 303 Gender, Leadership, and Conflict: Comparing Approaches......Page 304 Culture, Leadership, and Conflict: Comparing Views......Page 305 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Which Cultural Diff erences Make a Difference in How a Group Functions?......Page 306 EXPLORING DIVERSITY: Win-Win......Page 307 Cooperative versus Competitive Conflict: Win-Win or Win-Lose......Page 308 Goals and Styles: A Conflict Grid......Page 309 Avoid Groupthink: A Deterrent to Making Good Decisions......Page 311 Leading Groups and Handling Conflict in Cyberspace......Page 313 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Tips for Ethical Conflict Management......Page 314 Summary......Page 315 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 316 Looking Back and Ahead: Consider This Case: Sorry, Wrong Number......Page 317 PART 4 COMMUNICATING TO THE PUBLIC......Page 319 CHAPTER 11 The Speaker and the Audience: The Occasion and the Subject......Page 320 Public Speaking Defined......Page 321 Understanding Your Fears......Page 323 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Is Compulsory Speech Making Fair?......Page 324 Learning to Cope with Your Fears: Controlling Anxiety......Page 325 Deep-Muscle Relaxation: Overcoming Physical Symptoms......Page 326 Other Techniques......Page 327 Approaching Speech Making Systematically......Page 328 Review Your Life: Your Autobiography......Page 330 Search the News: Newspapers, Nightly News, and Newsmagazine Shows......Page 331 Analyze Your Audience......Page 332 Beginning Your Audience Analysis: Who Are They?......Page 333 Demographics of Audiences: What Are They Like?......Page 335 Attitudes of Audiences: What Do They Care About?......Page 338 Predicting the Audience’s Reaction......Page 339 Date and Time: When and How Long?......Page 340 Type of Occasion: Why and How Many?......Page 341 Is the Topic Appropriate?......Page 343 Is Sufficient Research Material Available?......Page 344 Formulate a Purpose Statement and Behavioral Objectives......Page 345 Formulate the Thesis Statement......Page 347 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Tips for Improving Speech Analysis......Page 348 Summary......Page 349 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 350 CHAPTER 12 Researching, Supporting, and Outlining Your Speech......Page 352 Research Your Topic......Page 353 Conduct Research Online and Offline......Page 354 Conduct Primary Research......Page 357 Record Information Derived from Research......Page 358 Statistics......Page 361 Examples and Illustrations......Page 362 Comparisons and Contrasts......Page 363 Repetition and Restatement......Page 364 Outlining Your Speech: Building a Speaking Framework......Page 365 Outlining Principles: Identifying Main and Subordinate Ideas......Page 366 Giving Order to Your Ideas Using Traditional and Nontraditional Formats......Page 369 SKILL BUILDER: Speaker’s Choice......Page 372 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Sound Bites......Page 373 EXPLORING DIVERSITY: Is Paying Attention Cultural?......Page 377 The Introduction......Page 378 The Conclusion......Page 381 A Sample Outline......Page 384 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Tips for Speech Design and Organization......Page 386 Summary......Page 387 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 388 CHAPTER 13 Preparing Presentation Aids and Delivering Your Speech......Page 390 Why Use Presentation Aids?......Page 391 Types of Visual Aids......Page 392 Computer-Assisted Presentations: PowerPoint......Page 399 SKILL BUILDER: Using Many Eyes......Page 400 Sample Computer-Assisted Slide Presentation......Page 401 Preparing to Speak......Page 403 Extemporaneous Speeches......Page 404 Rehearsing: Using Tryouts and Speakers’ Tools......Page 405 Conduct Tryouts: Rehearse, Rehearse, Rehearse......Page 406 Clothing......Page 407 Conduct a Vocal Tune-Up......Page 408 Conduct a Verbal Tune-Up......Page 409 The Rehearsal–Confidence Connection......Page 410 Organization......Page 411 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Tips for Self-Evaluation......Page 412 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 414 CHAPTER 14 Informative Speaking......Page 416 Explanations......Page 417 Descriptions......Page 418 Narratives......Page 419 Create Information Hunger......Page 420 Seek Information Balance......Page 421 Provide Information Memorably......Page 422 Sample Informative Speech Outline......Page 424 Sample Informative Speech......Page 427 Sample Speaker’s Notes......Page 432 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 434 CHAPTER 15 Persuasive Speaking......Page 436 Speaking Persuasively......Page 437 Purposes of Persuasion: Thought and Action......Page 438 Propositions of Fact......Page 439 Propositions of Policy......Page 440 Persuading Strategically and Credibly......Page 441 Becoming a More Credible Persuader......Page 442 EXPLORING DIVERSITY: Persuasion and Assumed Similarity......Page 443 Guidelines for Persuading Eff ectively......Page 444 Understand the Factors Aff ecting Your Listeners’ Atitudes......Page 445 Reason Logically......Page 446 Reason Ethically......Page 449 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Illogical Reasoning......Page 450 Gain Your Listeners’ Attention......Page 451 Evoke Relevant Needs and Issues......Page 452 Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: A Framework for Persuasive Speaking......Page 454 Delivering a Persuasive Speech......Page 456 Sample Persuasive Speech Outline......Page 457 Sample Persuasive Speech......Page 459 Sample Speaker’s Notes......Page 463 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Tips for Evaluating the Persuasive Speech......Page 464 Summary......Page 465 Key Chapter Terminology......Page 466 Looking Back and Ahead: Consider This Case: The Town Meeting Blues......Page 467 APPENDIX Interviewing and Developing Professional Relationships......Page 468 Common Fears......Page 469 MEDIA WISE: Piquing Career Interest......Page 470 Networking and the Job Search......Page 471 Preparing the Cover Letter and Résumé......Page 472 Structure: Stages of the Interview......Page 473 ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION: Résumé Padding and Résumé Poaching......Page 474 Questions: The Heart of the Interview......Page 475 Interviewee Roles and Responsibilities......Page 476 Impression Management: Effective Interviewing......Page 479 EXPLORING DIVERSITY: Voices and Impression Management......Page 480 Technology and the Job Search......Page 482 Looking at the Law: Illegal Questions in Interviews......Page 485 COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Practice Tips for Effective Interviewing......Page 486 THE WRAP-UP SUMMARY......Page 488 Key Terms......Page 489 Online Unit Mass Communication and Media Literacy......Page 490 ANSWER KEY......Page 508 GLOSSARY......Page 510 NOTES......Page 518 CREDITS......Page 544 INDEX......Page 546 Communication Works 11e applies a new critical thinking framework to its core content, now in a more user-friendly 15-chapter organization. We have retained and revised the texts practical approach to communication, with a focus on the ways in which diversity, technology, social media, and ethical concerns both enrich and complicate our world. Students will learn what role communication plays in their lives today, in the classroom, and tomorrow, in the working world. And with Connect Communication , instructors and students have a print and digital solution to meet the needs of their course.