Computational fluid dynamics : a practical approach, second edition

An introduction to CFD fundamentals, using commercial CFD software to solve engineering problems, this book is designed for the wide variety of engineering students new to CFD, and for practicing engineers learning CFD for the first time. Combining an appropriate level of mathematical background, worked examples, computer screen shots, and step by step processes, this book walks the reader through modeling and computing, as well as interpreting CFD results. The first book in the field aimed at CFD rather than . Content: Front Matter Prefaces • Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. CFD Solution Procedure - A Beginning 3. Governing Equations for CFD - Fundamentals 4. CFD Techniques - The Basics 5. CFD Solution Analysis - Essentials 6. Practical Guidelines for CFD Simulation and Analysis 7. Some Applications of CFD with Examples 8. Some Advanced Topics in CFD Appendices • References Index Computational Fluid Dynamics 1 Copyright 2 Preface to the First Edition 3 Preface to the Second Edition 6 Acknowledgments 7 Introduction 8 What is computational fluid dynamics? 8 Advantages of computational fluid dynamics 11 Application of computational fluid dynamics 13 As a Research Tool 13 As an Educational Tool in Basic Thermal-Fluid Science 14 As a Design Tool 15 Aerospace 15 Automotive Engineering 16 Biomedical Science and Engineering 18 Chemical and Mineral Processing 21 Civil and Environmental Engineering 23 Metallurgy 25 Nuclear Safety 26 Power Generation 29 Sports 30 The future of computational fluid dynamics 33 Summary 34 Review questions 35 CFD Solution Procedure-A Beginning 37 Introduction 37 Shareware CFD 38 Commercial CFD 38 Problem setup-pre-process 40 Creation of Geometry-Step 1 40 Mesh Generation-Step 2 43 Selection of Physics and Fluid Properties-Step 3 44 Specification of Boundary Conditions-Step 4 46 Numerical solution-CFD solver 49 Initialization and Solution Control-Step 5 50 Monitoring Convergence-Step 6 52 Result Report and Visualization-Post-process 55 X-Y Plots 56 Vector Plots 57 Contour Plots 59 Other Plots 62 Data Report and Output 63 Animation 64 Summary 64 Review questions 66 Governing Equations for CFD-Fundamentals 67 Introduction 67 The continuity equation 67 Mass Conservation 67 Physical Interpretation 71 Comments 75 The momentum equation 76 Force Balance 76 Physical Interpretation 79 Comments 89 The energy equation 90 Energy Conservation 90 Physical Interpretation 93 Comments 99 The additional equations for turbulent flow 100 What Is Turbulence? 100 k-蔚 Two-Equation Turbulence Model 102 Comments 109 Generic form of the governing equations for cfd 110 Physical boundary conditions of the governing equations 119 Summary 122 Review questions 124 CFD Techniques-The Basics 128 Introduction 128 Discretization of governing equations 130 Finite-Difference Method 130 Finite-Volume Method 135 Finite-Element Method 140 Spectral Method 141 Converting governing equations to algebraic equation system 141 Finite-Difference Method 142 Finite-Volume Method 143 Comparison of the Finite-Difference and Finite-Volume Discretizations 145 Numerical solutions to algebraic equations 155 Direct Methods 156 Iterative Methods 160 Pressure-velocity coupling-``simple麓麓 scheme 165 Multi-grid method 175 Summary 177 Review questions 178 CFD Solution Analysis-Essentials 181 Introduction 181 Consistency 182 Stability 186 Convergence 192 What Is Convergence? 192 Residuals and Convergence Tolerance 193 Convergence Difficulty and Using Under-Relaxation 196 Accelerating Convergence 198 Accuracy 199 Source of Solution Errors 200 Discretization Error 200 Round-Off Error 204 Iteration or Convergence Error 204 Physical Modeling Error 205 Human Error 205 Controlling the Solution Errors 206 Verification and Validation 208 Efficiency 209 Case studies 210 Test Case A: Channel Flow 211 Test Case B: Flow over a 90o Bend 214 Summary 219 Review questions 220 Practical Guidelines for CFD Simulation and Analysis 222 Introduction 222 Guidelines on grid generation 223 Structured Mesh 224 Body-Fitted Mesh 225 Unstructured Mesh 228 Comments on Mesh Topology 230 Guidelines for Grid Quality and Grid Design 237 Local Refinement and Solution Adaptation 240 Guidelines for boundary conditions 245 Overview of Setting Boundary Conditions 245 Guidelines for Inlet Boundary Conditions 246 Guidelines for Outlet Boundary Conditions 248 Guidelines for Wall Boundary Conditions 249 Guidelines for Symmetry and Periodic Boundary Conditions 251 Guidelines for turbulence modeling 252 Overview of Turbulence-Modeling Approaches 252 Strategy for Selecting Turbulence Models 255 Near-Wall Treatments 261 Setting Boundary Conditions 264 Test Case: Assessment of Two-Equation Turbulence Modeling for Hydrofoil Flows 267 Summary 271 Review questions 272 Some Applications of CFD with Examples 277 Introduction 277 To assist in the design process-as a design tool 278 Indoor Air-Flow Distribution 278 To enhance understanding-as a research tool 284 Gas-Particle Flow in a 90o Bend 285 Other important applications 290 Heat Transfer Coupled with Fluid Flow 290 Heat Exchanger 290 Conjugate and Radiation Heat Transfer11The materials in this section were provided by David Wassink and Mark Ho, wor 298 A Buoyant Free-Standing Fire 305 Flow over Vehicle Platoon 310 Air/Particle Flow in the Human Nasal Cavity 315 High-Speed Flows 321 Supersonic Flow over a Flat Plate 323 Subsonic and Supersonic Flows over a Wing 334 Summary 342 Review questions 345 Some Advanced Topics in CFD 350 Introduction 350 Advances in numerical methods and techniques 350 Incompressible Flows 350 Compressible Flows 353 High-Resolution Schemes 355 Adaptive Meshing 358 Moving Grids 360 Multi-Grid Methods 362 Parallel Computing 364 Immersed Boundary Methods 366 Advances in computational models 368 Direct Numerical Simulation 368 Large Eddy Simulation LES 371 RANS-LES Coupling for Turbulent Flows 374 Multi-Phase Flows 376 Combustion 378 Fluid-Structure Interaction 380 Physiological Fluid Dynamics 382 Other numerical approaches for CFD 384 Lattice Boltzmann Method 384 Monte-Carlo Method 386 Particle Methods 388 Discrete Element Method 390 Summary 392 Review questions 393 Full Derivation of ConservationEquations 396 Upwind Schemes 402 Explicit and Implicit Methods 404 Learning Program 406 Learning Program for a One-Semester CFD Course 406 Appendix E: CFD Assignments and Guideline for CFD Project 408 Assignment 1 408 Background and Aim 408 Problem Description 408 Instructions 409 Assignment 2 409 Background and Aim 409 Problem Description 410 Single-Car Configuration 410 Instructions 411 Drafting Configuration 411 Instructions 411 Assignment 3 412 Background and Aim 412 Problem Description 412 Instructions 414 Project Guideline 414 Aim 414 Objectives 414 Example-CFD Project proposal prepared by the student 415 Introduction 415 Scope 416 Objectives 416 Other Topics for CFD Projects 416 CFD Project A: CFD Simulation of Turbulent Flow over a Backward-Facing Step 416 Background 416 Objectives 417 Problem Description 417 Required Discussions 417 CFD Project B: CFD Simulation of Pickup Trucks with Open/Closed Beds 418 Background 418 Objectives 418 Problem Description 418 Required Discussions 418 Addendum 419 CFD Project C: Investigation of Cooling Electronic Components within a Computer 420 Background 420 Objectives 420 Problem Description 420 Required Discussions 421 References 422 Index 436 This book presents a complete overview of acido-basic catalysis applied to refining and petrochemistry, as well as the fundamentals and the information required for a rational and coherent description of the major operations carried out in these two industries.The book places special emphasis on the reactional and mechanistic characteristics of hydrocarbon conversions and on the properties of the acids or bases underlying catalytic performance. It also focuses on the industrial aspects, showing how these characteristics and properties determine the choice and features of the processes used.This reference manual is intended for professionals, scientists, engineers and teachers wanting to acquire a solid background, develop their knowledge or find further information. It will also be useful to students specialising in catalysis and the catalytic conversions of hydrocarbons.Contents: Volume 1. 1. Overview on Acido-Basicity. 2. Main Acids, Superacids and Bases of Interest in Catalysis. 3. Chemistry of Carbocations. 4. Reactivity and Conversion Modes of the Main Hydrocarbon Families. 5. Introduction to Refining and Petrochemistry. 6. Base Catalysis. Examples of Industrial Applications. Glossary. Index. Volume 2. 7. Conversion of Aliphatic Feedstocks. 8. Conversion of Simple Aromatic Feedstocks. 9. Reactions between Various Hydrocarbons and the Alcohols. Conversion of Methanol into Hydrocarbons. 10. Catalytic Reforming. 11. Processes Used in the Conversion of Heavy Feedstocks. 12. Catalytic Dewaxing. 13. Shape Selectivity in Acid Catalysis. Conclusion. Glossary. Index. Content: Front Matter , Page i Copyright , Page ii Preface to the First Edition , Pages vii-ix , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Preface to the Second Edition , Page xi , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Acknowledgments , Page xiii Chapter 1 - Introduction , Pages 1-29 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Chapter 2 - CFD Solution Procedure—A Beginning , Pages 31-60 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Chapter 3 - Governing Equations for CFD—Fundamentals , Pages 61-121 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Chapter 4 - CFD Techniques—The Basics , Pages 123-175 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Chapter 5 - CFD Solution Analysis—Essentials , Pages 177-217 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Chapter 6 - Practical Guidelines for CFD Simulation and Analysis , Pages 219-273 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Chapter 7 - Some Applications of CFD with Examples , Pages 275-347 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Chapter 8 - Some Advanced Topics in CFD , Pages 349-394 , Jiyuan Tu, Guan-Heng Yeoh, Chaoqun Liu Appendix A - Full Derivation of Conservation Equations , Pages 395-400 Appendix B - Upwind Schemes , Pages 401-402 Appendix C - Explicit and Implicit Methods , Pages 403-404 Appendix D - Learning Program , Pages 405-406 Appendix E - CFD Assignments and Guideline for CFD Project , Pages 407-420 References , Pages 421-434 Index , Pages 435-440

An introduction to CFD fundamentals and using commercial CFD software to solve engineering problems, designed for the wide variety of engineering students new to CFD, and for practicing engineers learning CFD for the first time. Combining an appropriate level of mathematical background, worked examples, computer screen shots, and step by step processes, this book walks the reader through modeling and computing, as well as interpreting CFD results. The first book in the field aimed at CFD users rather than developers.

New to this edition:

• A more comprehensive coverage of CFD techniques including discretisation via finite element and spectral element as well as finite difference and finite volume methods and multigrid method.
• Coverage of different approaches to CFD grid generation in order to closely match how CFD meshing is being used in industry.
• Additional coverage of high-pressure fluid dynamics and meshless approach to provide a broader overview of the application areas where CFD can be used.
• 20% new content

Combining an appropriate level of mathematical background, and computer screen shots, this book walks the reader through modeling and computing, as well as interpreting CFD results. It offers an additional coverage of high-pressure fluid dynamics and meshless approach to provide an overview of the application areas where CFD can be used.