Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems Apply the fundamental tools of linear control theory to model, analyze, design, and understand the behavior of dynamic production systems In Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems: Time and Frequency Methods for Analysis and Design, distinguished manufacturing engineer Dr. Neil A. Duffie delivers a comprehensive explanation of how core concepts of control theorical analysis and design can be applied to production systems. Time-based perspectives on response to turbulence are augmented by frequency-based perspectives, fostering new understanding and guiding design of decision-making. The time delays intrinsic to decision making and decision implementation in production systems are addressed throughout. Readers will discover methods for calculating time response and frequency response, modeling using transfer functions, assessing stability, and design of decision making for closed-loop production systems. The author has included real-world examples emphasizing the different components of production systems and illustrating how practical results can be quickly obtained using straightforward Matlab programs (which can easily be translated to other platforms). Avoiding unnecessary theoretical jargon, this book fosters an in-depth understanding of key tools of control system engineering. It offers: A thorough introduction to core control theoretical concepts of analysis and design of dynamic production systems Comprehensive and integrated explorations of continuous-time and discrete-time models of production systems, employing transfer functions and block diagrams Practical discussions of time response, frequency response, fundamental dynamic behavior, closed-loop production systems, and the design of decision-making In-depth examples of the analysis and design of complex dynamic behavior requiring approaches such as matrices of transfer functions and modeling of multiple sampling rates Perfect for production, manufacturing, industrial, and control system engineers, Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems will also earn a place in the libraries of students taking advanced courses on industrial system digitalization, dynamics, and design. Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 1.1 Control System Engineering Software 2 Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Modeling of Production Systems 2.1 Continuous-Time Models of Components of Production Systems 2.2 Discrete-Time Models of Components of Production Systems 2.3 Delay 2.4 Model Linearization 2.4.1 Linearization Using Taylor Series Expansion – One Independent Variable 2.4.2 Linearization Using Taylor Series Expansion – Multiple Independent Variables 2.4.3 Piecewise Approximation 2.5 Summary 3 Transfer Functions and Block Diagrams 3.1 Laplace Transform 3.2 Properties of the Laplace Transform 3.2.1 Laplace Transform of a Function of Time Multiplied by a Constant 3.2.2 Laplace Transform of the Sum of Two Functions of Time 3.2.3 Laplace Transform of the First Derivative of a Function of Time 3.2.4 Laplace Transform of Higher Derivatives of a Function of Time Function 3.2.5 Laplace Transform of Function with Time Delay 3.3 Continuous-Time Transfer Functions 3.4 Z Transform 3.5 Properties of the Z Transform 3.5.1 Z Transform of a Sequence Multiplied by a Constant 3.5.2 Z Transform of the Sum of Two Sequences 3.5.3 Z Transform of Time Delay 3.5.4 Z Transform of a Difference Equation 3.6 Discrete-Time Transfer Functions 3.7 Block Diagrams 3.8 Transfer Function Algebra 3.8.1 Series Relationships 3.8.2 Parallel Relationships 3.8.3 Closed-Loop Relationships 3.8.4 Transfer Functions of Production Systems with MultipleInputs and Outputs 3.8.5 Matrices of Transfer Functions 3.8.6 Factors of Transfer Function Numerator and Denominator 3.8.7 Canceling Common Factors in a Transfer Function 3.8.8 Padé Approximation of Continuous-Time Delay 3.8.9 Absorption of Discrete Time Delay 3.9 Production Systems with Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Components 3.9.1 Transfer Function of a Zero-Order Hold (ZOH) 3.9.2 Discrete-Time Transfer Function Representing Continuous-Time Components Preceded by a Hold and Followed by a Sampler 3.10 Potential Problems in Numerical Computations Using Transfer Functions 3.11 Summary 4 Fundamental Dynamic Characteristics and Time Response 4.1 Obtaining Fundamental Dynamic Characteristics from Transfer Functions 4.1.1 Characteristic Equation 4.1.2 Fundamental Continuous-Time Dynamic Characteristics 4.1.3 Continuous-Time Stability Criterion 4.1.4 Fundamental Discrete-Time Dynamic Characteristics 4.1.5 Discrete-Time Stability Criterion 4.2 Characteristics of Time Response 4.2.1 Calculation of Time Response 4.2.2 Step Response Characteristics 4.3 Summary 5 Frequency Response 5.1 Frequency Response of Continuous-Time Systems 5.1.1 Frequency Response of Integrating Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components 5.1.2 Frequency Response of 1st-order Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components 5.1.3 Frequency Response of 2nd-order Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components 5.1.4 Frequency Response of Delay in Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components 5.2 Frequency Response of Discrete-Time Systems 5.2.1 Frequency Response of Discrete-Time Integrating Production Systems or Components 5.2.2 Frequency Response of Discrete-Time 1st-Order Production Systems or Components 5.2.3 Aliasing Errors 5.3 Frequency Response Characteristics 5.3.1 Zero-Frequency Magnitude (DC Gain) and Bandwidth 5.3.2 Magnitude (Gain) Margin and Phase Margin 5.4 Summary 6 Design of Decision-Making for Closed-Loop Production Systems 6.1 Basic Types of Continuous-Time Control 6.1.1 Continuous-Time Proportional Control 6.1.2 Continuous-Time Proportional Plus Derivative Control 6.1.3 Continuous-Time Integral Control 6.1.4 Continuous-Time Proportional Plus Integral Control 6.2 Basic Types of Discrete-Time Control 6.2.1 Discrete-Time Proportional Control 6.2.2 Discrete-Time Proportional Plus Derivative Control 6.2.3 Discrete-Time Integral Control 6.2.4 Discrete-Time Proportional Plus Integral Control 6.3 Control Design Using Time Response 6.4 Direct Design of Decision-Making 6.4.1 Model Simplification by Eliminating Small Time Constants and Delays 6.5 Design Using Frequency Response 6.5.1 Using the Frequency Response Guidelines to Design Decision-Making 6.6 Closed-Loop Decision-Making Topologies 6.6.1 PID Control 6.6.2 Decision-Making Components in the Feedback Path 6.6.3 Cascade Control 6.6.4 Feedforward Control 6.6.5 Circumventing Time Delay Using a Smith Predictor Topology 6.7 Sensitivity to Parameter Variations 6.8 Summary 7 Application Examples 7.1 Potential Impact of Digitalization on Improving Recovery Time in Replanning by Reducing Delays 7.2 Adjustment of Steel Coil Deliveries in a Production Network with Inventory Information Sharing 7.3 Effect of Order Flow Information Sharing on the Dynamic Behavior of a Production Network 7.4 Adjustment of Cross-Trained and Permanent Worker Capacity 7.5 Closed-Loop, Multi-Rate Production System with Different Adjustment Periods for WIP and Backlog Regulation 7.6 Summary References Bibliography Index EULA "Production planning, operations and control are being transformed by digitization, creating opportunities for automation of decision making, reduction of delays in making and implementing decisions, and significant improvement of production system performance. Meanwhile, to remain competitive, today's production industries need to adapt to increasingly dynamic and turbulent markets. In this environment, production engineers and managers can benefit from tools of control system engineering that allow them to mathematically model, analyze and design dynamic, changeable production systems with behavior that is effective and robust in the presence of turbulence. Research has shown that the tools of control system engineering are important additions to the production system engineer's toolbox, complementing traditional tools such as discrete event simulation. However, many production engineers are unfamiliar with application of these tools in their field. This book is a practical yet thorough introduction to the use of transfer functions and control theoretical methods in the modeling, analysis and design of the dynamic behavior of production systems. Production engineers and managers will find this book a valuable and fundamental resource for improving their understanding of the dynamic behavior of modern production systems and guiding their design of future production systems. In this book, emphasis is placed on analysis and examples that illustrate the opportunities that control theoretical time and frequency perspectives present for understanding and designing the behavior of dynamic production systems. The dynamic behavior of the components of these systems and their interactions must be understood first before decision making can be designed and implemented that results in favorable overall dynamic behavior of the production system, particularly when the structure contains feedback. In the re-planning system with the structure in Figure 1.1, control theoretical modeling and analysis reveals relationships between the frequency of re-planning decisions and delays in making and implementing decisions that results undesirable oscillatory behavior unless these relationships are taken into account in design of replanning decision making. Benefits of reducing delays using digital technologies can be quantified and used to guide re-planning cycle redesign"-- Provided by publisher
Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems
Apply the fundamental tools of linear control theory to model, analyze, design, and understand the behavior of dynamic production systems
In Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems: Time and Frequency Methods for Analysis and Design, distinguished manufacturing engineer Dr. Neil A. Duffie delivers a comprehensive explanation of how core concepts of control theorical analysis and design can be applied to production systems. Time-based perspectives on response to turbulence are augmented by frequency-based perspectives, fostering new understanding and guiding design of decision-making. The time delays intrinsic to decision making and decision implementation in production systems are addressed throughout.
Readers will discover methods for calculating time response and frequency response, modeling using transfer functions, assessing stability, and design of decision making for closed-loop production systems. The author has included real-world examples emphasizing the different components of production systems and illustrating how practical results can be quickly obtained using straightforward Matlab programs (which can easily be translated to other platforms).
Avoiding unnecessary theoretical jargon, this book fosters an in-depth understanding of key tools of control system engineering. It offers:
- A thorough introduction to core control theoretical concepts of analysis and design of dynamic production systems
- Comprehensive and integrated explorations of continuous-time and discrete-time models of production systems, employing transfer functions and block diagrams
- Practical discussions of time response, frequency response, fundamental dynamic behavior, closed-loop production systems, and the design of decision-making
- In-depth examples of the analysis and design of complex dynamic behavior requiring approaches such as matrices of transfer functions and modeling of multiple sampling rates
Perfect for production, manufacturing, industrial, and control system engineers, Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems will also earn a place in the libraries of students taking advanced courses on industrial system digitalization, dynamics, and design.
