Crash Course Anatomy Updated Edition - E-Book

Crash Course – your effective every day study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have the core information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success. A winning formula now for over 15 years, each series volume has been fine tuned and fully updated, with an improved layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by senior medical students or recent graduates – those who have just been in the exam situation – with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert faculty advisers, the result are books which exactly meet your needs and you know you can trust. Commencing with'Learning Objectives', every chapter guides you succinctly through the topic, giving full coverage of the curriculum whilst avoiding unnecessary and often confusing detail. A sound knowledge of anatomy will be invaluable in every patient interaction you have – in this bestselling series volume the relationship between anatomy and clinical medicine is made clear throughout. Updates to this edition include new sections on radiology, highlighting the increased importance of CT and MRI scanning in modern medicine. A fully revised self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats is also included.More than 200 illustrations present clinical, diagnostic and practical information in an easy-to-follow mannerFriendly and accessible approach to the subject makes learning especially easyWritten by students for students - authors who understand exam pressuresContains ‘Hints and Tips'boxes, and other useful aide-mémoiresSuccinct coverage of the subject enables ‘sharp focus'and efficient use of time during exam preparationContains a fully updated self-assessment section - ideal for honing exam skills and self-testingFully updated self-assessment section - ideal for current examination practice!Includes useful ‘Learning Objectives'at the start of each chapter.Includes enhanced artwork programme and improved radiological images.Fully updated to include feedback from hundreds of students!Now celebrating over 15 years of success - Crash Course has been specially devised to help you get through your exams with ease. Completely revised throughout, the new edition of Crash Course is perfectly tailored to meet your needs by providing everything you need to know in one place. Clearly presented in a tried and trusted, easy-to-use, format, each book in the series gives complete coverage of the subject in a no-nonsense, user-friendly fashion. Commencing with'Learning Objectives', each chapter guides you succinctly through the topic, giving full coverage of the curriculum whilst avoiding unnecessary and often confusing detail. Each chapter is also supported by a full artwork programme, and features the ever popular'Hints and Tips'boxes as well as other useful aide-mémoires. All volumes contain an up-to-date self-assessment section which allows you to test your knowledge and hone your exam skills. Authored by students or junior doctors - working under close faculty supervision - each volume has been prepared by someone who has recently been in the exam situation and so relates closely to your needs. So whether you need to get out of a fix or aim for distinction Crash Course is for you!! Front Cover Crash Course: Anatomy Copyright Series editor foreword Prefaces Acknowledgements Contents Chapter 1: Basic concepts of anatomy Descriptive anatomical terms The anatomical position Anatomical planes Terms of position Terms of movement Overview of anatomical structures and body systems Skin Fascia Bone Classification of bone General structure of bone Blood supply of bones Joints Synovial joints Blood and nerve supply of joints Stability of joints Muscles and tendons Muscle action Muscle organization and function Muscle attachments Nervous system Central nervous system Ventricular system of the brain Spinal cord Autonomic nervous system Spinal nerves Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Gastrointestinal system Respiratory system Urinary system Radiological anatomy Introduction Chapter 2: The back Regions and components of the back Surface anatomy and superficial structures Cutaneous innervation of the back The vertebral column Osteology of the vertebral column Features of a typical vertebra Joints of the vertebral column Atlanto-occipital joint Atlanto-axial joints Zygapophyseal joints (facet joints) Intervertebral discs Ligaments of the vertebral column Ligamentum nuchae Muscles of the vertebral column Back of the neck The spinal cord and meninges Spinal meninges and cerebrospinal fluid Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater Blood supply of the spinal cord and vertebrae Radiological anatomy Chapter 3: The upper limb Regions and components of the upper limb Surface anatomy and superficial structures Surface anatomy Clavicle Scapula Elbow region Wrist and hand Musculature Superficial venous drainage Lymphatic drainage Cutaneous innervation of the upper limb The shoulder region and axilla Pectoral girdle Clavicle Scapula Joints of the pectoral girdle Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint Glenohumeral joint Humerus Muscles of the shoulder region Axilla Axillary artery Axillary vein Brachial plexus Axillary lymph nodes Quadrangular and triangular spaces The arm Flexor and extensor compartments of the arm Vessels of the arm Arterial supply Venous drainage Nerves of the arm Musculocutaneous nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve The elbow joint and cubital fossa Elbow joint Cubital fossa The forearm Radioulnar joints Flexor compartment of the forearm Muscles of the flexor compartment Arteries of the flexor compartment Nerves of the flexor compartment Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve Extensor compartment of the forearm Muscles of the extensor compartment Vessels of the extensor compartment Nerves of the extensor compartment Anatomical snuffbox The wrist and hand Radiocarpal joint Dorsum of the hand Nerve supply to the dorsum of the hand Vessels of the dorsum of the hand Palm of the hand Skin Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum and carpal tunnel Muscles of the hand Thenar and hypothenar eminence Other intrinsic muscles of the hand Long flexor tendons in the hand Synovial flexor tendon sheaths Long flexor tendons in the digits Nerves in the hand Median nerve Ulnar nerve Vessels of the hand Palmar spaces Nails Radiological anatomy Imaging of the bones and joints Normal radiographic anatomy Interpretation of an X-ray CT/MRI scanning Angiography of the limbs Chapter 4: The thorax Regions and components of the thorax Surface anatomy and superficial structures Bony landmarks Muscles of the thorax Trachea, lungs and pleurae Heart Great vessels Diaphragm Breasts The thoracic wall Sternum Ribs and costal cartilages Typical ribs Atypical ribs Thoracic vertebrae Openings into the thorax Thoracic inlet (superior thoracic aperture) Thoracic outlet (inferior thoracic aperture) Intercostal spaces Intercostal nerves and vessels Diaphragm The thoracic cavity Mediastinum The pericardium Pericardial sinuses Heart Skeleton of the heart Chambers of the heart Right atrium Interatrial septum Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Blood supply of the heart Venous drainage of the heart Conducting system of the heart Great vessels of the thorax Aorta Pulmonary trunk Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Pulmonary veins Azygos system of veins Nerves of the thorax Thoracic sympathetic trunk Lymphatic drainage of the thorax Thymus Trachea Oesophagus Pleurae and lungs Pleurae Lungs Surfaces and borders of the lungs Bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments Blood supply of the lungs Nerve supply of the lungs Lymphatic drainage of the lungs Mechanics of respiration Radiological anatomy Imaging of the thorax Chest X-ray How to examine a PA chest X-ray methodically CT scanning of the thorax Angiography of the great vessels Chapter 5: The abdomen Regions and components of the abdomen Surface anatomy and superficial structures Liver Fundus of the gallbladder Spleen Pancreas Kidneys Ureters The abdominal wall Osteology Thoracolumbar fascia Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall Rectus sheath Nerve and blood supply of the anterolateral abdominal wall Venous drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall Inguinal region Inguinal ligament Inguinal canal Spermatic cord Scrotum Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the scrotum Testis Epididymis Ductus deferens Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the testis The peritoneum Embryology of the gut Nerve supply of the peritoneum Peritoneal folds of the anterolateral abdominal wall Greater and lesser sacs Greater and lesser omenta The abdominal organs Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum Jejunum and ileum Large intestine Caecum and appendix Colon Spleen Liver Gallbladder and biliary tract Pancreas Arterial supply of the gut Venous drainage of the gut Nerve supply of the gut Lymphatic drainage of the gut The posterior abdominal wall Fascia of the posterior abdominal wall Vessels of the posterior abdominal wall Abdominal aorta Inferior vena cava Nerves of the posterior abdominal wall Somatic nerves Autonomic nerves Sympathetic nerves Parasympathetic nerves Kidneys Ureters Suprarenal gland Radiological anatomy Imaging of the abdomen Ultrasound X-rays Normal radiographic anatomy of an AP abdominal X-ray How to examine an AP abdominal X-ray methodically Abdominal contrast studies CT/MRI scanning of the abdomen Angiography of the abdominal aortic branches Chapter 6: The pelvis and perineum Regions and components of the pelvis Surface anatomy and superficial structures Bony landmarks Viscera The bony pelvis and pelvic wall Bony pelvis Sacrum and coccyx Ilium Pubis and ischium The position of the pelvis Male and female pelves Pelvic joints Pubic symphysis Sacroiliac joint Pelvic walls and floor Perineal body Anococcygeal body Pelvic fascia Pelvic peritoneum The pelvic contents Pelvic organs Rectum Vessels and nerves of the rectum Ureters in the pelvis Bladder Vessels and nerves of the bladder The male urethra The female urethra Male reproductive organs in the pelvis Ductus (vas) deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate Female reproductive organs in the pelvis Vagina Uterus Ligaments Uterine (fallopian) tubes Vessels of the uterus and uterine tubes Ovary Vessels of the pelvis Internal iliac artery Internal iliac vein Nerves of the pelvis Obturator nerve Sacral plexus Autonomic nervous system Sacral sympathetic trunk Inferior hypogastric plexus Lymphatic drainage of the pelvis Perineum Anal triangle Anal canal Lining of the anal canal Muscular wall of the anal canal Ischioanal fossa and pudendal canal The male urogenital triangle Superficial perineal space The male external genitalia Penis Vessels of the male urogenital triangle Lymphatics of the male urogenital triangle Nerves of the male urogenital triangle The female urogenital triangle Perineal membrane Perineal body The female external genitalia Vessels and nerves of the female urogenital triangle Lymphatics of the female urogenital triangle Radiological anatomy Chapter 7: The lower limb Regions and components of the lower limb Surface anatomy Hip and thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot Musculature Gluteal region and thigh Extensor compartment of the thigh Flexor compartment of the thigh Adductor compartment of the thigh Leg Extensor compartment of the leg Flexor compartment of the leg Lateral compartment of the leg Dorsum of foot Superficial structures Superficial fascia of the lower limb Fascia lata Superficial veins Great saphenous vein Small saphenous vein Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb Cutaneous innervation of the lower limb The gluteal region, hip and thigh Osteology of the hip Pelvic girdle Femur Gluteal region Hip joint Blood and nerve supply of the hip joint Movements of the hip joint Thigh Extensor compartment of the thigh Factors stabilizing the patella Femoral triangle Femoral canal Adductor canal Flexor compartment of the thigh Adductor compartment of the thigh Femoral vein The knee and popliteal fossa Popliteal fossa Contents of the popliteal fossa Popliteus muscle Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Common peroneal nerve Tibial nerve Short saphenous vein Popliteal lymph nodes Knee joint Menisci Capsule Synovial membrane Bursae around the knee joint Ligaments Movements at the knee joint Blood and nerve supply of the knee joint The leg and dorsum of foot Osteology of the leg Superior tibiofibular joint Inferior tibiofibular joint Compartments of the leg Extensor compartment of the leg Dorsum of the foot Extensor retinacula Nerves and vessels of the dorsum of the foot Peroneal compartment of the leg Flexor compartment of the leg Flexor retinaculum Ankle and foot Osteology of the ankle and foot Ankle joint Foot Intertarsal joints of the foot Other tarsal joints Arches of the foot Sole of the foot Nerves of the foot Blood supply to the foot Fibrous flexor and flexor synovial sheaths Functions of the feet Radiological anatomy Imaging of the bones and joints Normal radiographic anatomy How to examine an X-ray methodically Angiography of the lower limb Chapter 8: The head and neck Regions and components of the head and neck Skull Foramina of the skull Fetal skull Joints of the head and neck The face and scalp Scalp Face Muscles of the face Motor nerve supply to the face Vessels of the face Lymphatic drainage of the face The cranial cavity and meninges Cranial fossae Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa Meninges Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater Blood and nerve supply of the meninges Dural venous sinuses Arteries of the cranial cavity Internal carotid artery Vertebral artery Basilar artery Circle of Willis Cranial nerves The orbit Eyelids Osteology of the orbit Muscles of the orbit Vessels of the orbit Nerves of the orbit Optic nerve (II) Oculomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (VI) Abducent nerve (VI) Ciliary ganglion The parotid region Parotid gland Structures within the parotid gland Blood supply, innervation and lymphatic drainage of the parotid gland The temporal and infratemporal fossae Temporal fossa Infratemporal fossa Muscles of mastication Mandible Temporomandibular joint Mandibular nerve Otic ganglion Chorda tympani Maxillary artery Pterygoid venous plexus The ear and vestibular apparatus External ear Auricle External auditory (acoustic) meatus Tympanic membrane Middle ear Mastoid antrum Auditory tube Ossicles Internal ear Bony labyrinth Vestibule Cochlea Semicircular canals Membranous labyrinth Saccule and utricle Cochlear duct Semicircular ducts Endolymphatic duct Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Facial nerve in the temporal bone Branches in the temporal bone The neck Soft tissues of the neck Fascial layers of the neck Superficial fascia Deep fascia Posterior triangle of the neck Cervical plexus External jugular vein Anterior triangle of the neck Vessels of the anterior triangle Common carotid artery External carotid artery Internal carotid artery Internal jugular vein Deep cervical nodes Nerves of the triangles of the neck Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X) Accessory nerve (XI) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Ansa cervicalis Sympathetic trunk Midline structures of the face and neck Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Vessels of the pharynx Nerve supply of the pharynx Nose Nasal cavity Paranasal sinuses Mucous membrane of the nose Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygopalatine ganglion Branches of the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa Oral cavity Lips Tongue Mucous membrane of the tongue Blood and nerve supply to the tongue Floor of the mouth and submandibular region Lingual nerve Hypoglossal nerve Submandibular gland Sublingual gland Palate and tonsils Larynx Mucous membrane of the larynx Laryngeal cavity Intrinsic muscles of the larynx Joints of the larynx Trachea Thyroid gland Blood and nerve supply to the thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Blood supply to the parathyroid glands Radiological anatomy Imaging of the skull Normal radiographic anatomy of an anteroposterior X-ray of the skull Normal radiographic anatomy of a lateral X-ray of the skull How to examine a skull X-ray CT/MRI scanning of the brain Self-Assessment Best-of-five questions (BOFs) Extended matchingquestions (EMQs) BOF answers EMQ answers Glossary Index

Crash Course – your effective every-day study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have the essential information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success.

A winning formula now for over 20 years, each series volume has been fine-tuned and fully updated – with an improved full-colour layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by senior students or junior doctors – those who understand what is essential for exam success – with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert Faculty Advisers, the result are books which exactly meet your needs and you know you can trust.

Each chapter guides you succinctly through the full range of curriculum topics, integrating clinical considerations with the relevant basic science and avoiding unnecessary or confusing detail. A range of text boxes help you get to the hints, tips and key points you need fast! A fully revised self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats is included to check your understanding and aid exam preparation. The accompanying enhanced, downloadable eBook completes this invaluable learning package.

Series volumes have been honed to meet the requirements of today’s medical students, although the range of other health students and professionals who need rapid access to the essentials of anatomy and physiology will also love the unique approach of Crash Course. Whether you need to get out of a fix or aim for a distinction Crash Course is for you!

• Provides the exam syllabus in one place - saves valuable revision time
• Written by senior students and recent graduates - those closest to what is essential for exam success
• Quality assured by leading Faculty Advisors - ensures complete accuracy of information
• Features the ever popular 'Hints and Tips' boxes and other useful aide-mémoires - distilled wisdom from those in the know
• Updated self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats – confirm your understanding and improve exam technique fast

Crash Course - a more flexible, practical learning package than ever before. Crash Course - your effective every day study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have the core information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success. A winning formula now for over 15 years, each series volume has been fine tuned and fully updated, with an improved layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by senior medical students or recent graduates - those who have just been in the exam situation - with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert faculty advisers, the result are books which exactly meet your needs and you know you can trust. Commencing with 'Learning Objectives', every chapter guides you succinctly through the topic, giving full coverage of the curriculum whilst avoiding unnecessary and often confusing detail. A sound knowledge of anatomy will be invaluable in every patient interaction you have - in this bestselling series volume the relationship between anatomy and clinical medicine is made clear throughout. Updates to this edition include new sections on radiology, highlighting the increased importance of CT and MRI scanning in modern medicine. A fully revised self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats is also included.