Decolonizing Native American rhetoric : communicating self-determination

As survivors of genocide, mnemonicide, colonization, and forced assimilation, American Indians face a unique set of rhetorical exigencies in US public culture. __Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric__ brings together critical essays on the cultural and political rhetoric of American indigenous communities, including essays on the politics of public memory, culture and identity controversies, stereotypes and caricatures, mascotting, cinematic representations, and resistance movements and environmental justice. This volume brings together recognized scholars and emerging voices in a series of critical projects that question the intersections of civic identity, including how American indigenous rhetoric is complicated by or made more dynamic when refracted through the lens of gender, race, class, and national identity. The authors assembled in this project employ a variety of rhetorical methods, theories, and texts committed to the larger academic movement toward the decolonization of Western scholarship. This project illustrates the invaluable contributions of American Indian voices and perspectives to the study of rhetoric and political communication. Cover 1 Table of Contents 7 List of Illustrations 9 Acknowledgments 11 Foreword: The Questions of Decolonization (Mary E. Stuckey) 13 Notes 16 Introduction: Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric (Casey Ryan Kelly / Jason Edward Black) 21 Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going 26 A Commitment to Decolonization 32 Preview of the Book 34 Notes 39 Part One: Time, Memory, and Identity 45 Chapter One: Decolonizing Reconciliation: Art and Conciliation from the Ground Up Among Canadian Aboriginal Peoples (Randall A. Lake / Tyler Hiebert / Chris Robbins) 47 The Indian Residential School System and Reconciliation 48 Artistic Visions of Reconciliation 51 The Witness Blanket 54 The Witness Blanket’s Visual Counterargument 56 Conclusion 60 Notes 61 Chapter Two: Women at the Greasy Grass/Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument: Remapping the Gendered/Sexed Circumference of Memory (Catherine Palczewski) 68 Decolonial Remapping as a Rhetorical Practice 71 Goeman and Massey on Mapping Space 72 Burkean Scenic Circumference 74 A Physics Tutorial: Centrifugal/Centripetal Forces and Velocity 75 Remapping the Greasy Grass/Little Bighorn 77 From Custer Battlefield National Monument to Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument: Still a Battlefield 78 The Indian Memorial: Outlining Women’s Presence 82 The Events: Remapping Histories’ Stories 87 Conclusion 91 Notes 93 Chapter Three: Melancholic Mirages and Ethopoeic Enemies: Reconsidering Temporality in Canada’s Apologies to First Peoples (Lee M. Pierce) 98 Lines Are Made for Crossing 100 Ethopoeia: (Neo)Colonialism’s Master Trope 106 Melancholic Mirages 107 Ethopoeic Enemies 109 Conclusion: Trudeau’s Concentric Circle 112 Notes 116 Chapter Four: “The Original Homeland Security, Fighting Terrorism Since 1492”: A Public Chrono-Controversy (Matthew Brigham / Paul Mabrey) 124 Chrono-Controversy 125 “Homeland Security” Rhetorics 127 “Homeland Security” as a Post-9/11 Response 127 “Fighting Terrorism since 1492” as a “Homeland Security” Response 128 Rhetorical Invention and Agency 130 Geronimo’s Ghost 131 Transgressing the Sacred 133 Risks 134 Temporalizing Sovereignty 135 “Homeland Security” as Insecurity 136 Constructing Homeland and Hometime 137 Lessons for Decolonial Public Address Scholarship 138 Notes 140 Part Two: Representations, Caricatures, and the Popular 145 Chapter Five: Decolonizing Caricature: Prosopographia in the Comic Politics of Marty Two Bulls, Sr. (Christopher J. Gilbert) 147 Slings and Arrows 150 Caricature Is Wakan 155 Conclusion: Forked Tongues and Volte-Faces 165 Notes 166 Chapter Six: Indians Aren’t Funny: Native Stand-Up as Contact Zone (Amanda Morris / Casey R. Schmitt) 172 Introduction 172 Native American Studies, Stand-Up, and the Academic Perspective 174 Contact Zones, Epideictic Rhetoric, and Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries 178 Decolonizing Theory 179 Howie Miller: “Caucasionally-impaired” 181 Don Burnstick: “I’ve Got Nothin’ Against White People” 184 Powwow Comedy Jam: “Trail of Laughs” 186 Deanna M. A. D: “Bullshit Alarm” 188 Conclusion 193 Notes 196 Chapter Seven: A Critical Rhetorical History of the Utes Nickname (Danielle Endres) 200 Colonialism 202 Rhetorical History as Critical Intervention 204 The Utes Nickname 205 American Indian Responses to the Utes Nickname 212 Cultural Appropriation and Self-Determination 213 Harm and Honor 215 Unsanctioned and Sanctioned Behaviors 216 Ute Experience and American Indian Experience 217 Conclusion 218 Notes 219 Chapter Eight: Survive or Surrender: The Rhetoric of Indigenous Land in Hell or High Water and Wind River (Raymond Blanton) 223 The (Modern) American Frontier 224 Western Myth 224 Western Films 225 Dispossession of Native Land 226 Taylor Made 227 Hell or High Water 228 Wind River 233 Conclusion 237 Notes 238 Part Three: “Rhetorics of Resistance” 243 Chapter Nine: The Tail of the Black Snake: Social Protest and Survivance in South Louisiana (Stephanie Houston Grey) 245 Reclamation and Survivance 247 Back to the Well: Colonial Arguments and Displaced Peoples’ Resistance 249 Nomad 253 Circle 255 Paper 257 Conclusion: Oxygenating the Waters 259 Notes 260 Chapter Ten: Intersectional Rhetoric and the Perversity of Form: Ada Deer’s Confirmation Statement as Resistive Rhetoric (Margret Mccue-Enser) 264 Ada Deer: Champion of Tribal Sovereignty 266 Intersectional Rhetoric and the Perversity of Form 269 Relationships 271 Land and Sovereignty 274 The Failure of the Federal Government and the Call for a Federal-Tribal Partnership 277 Rethinking American Indian Agency and the Perversity of Form 279 Notes 281 Chapter Eleven: The Rhetorical Persona of the Water Protectors: Anti-Dakota Pipeline Resistance with Mirror Shields (Kelly Young) 288 Mirror Shields: Reflecting the Colonial Gaze 291 Water Snake Performance: Water Protector Persona and Transcending Focus 294 Conclusion 299 Notes 300 Chapter Twelve: Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Rhetorical Strategies for Environmental Protection and Tribal Resistance in the Dakota Access Pipeline Movement (Rachel Presley) 305 Indigenizing Political Resistance 307 Reimagining Kairos towards Indigenous Temporalities 308 Contextualizing the Chronological: The DAPL from February 2015–November 2016 310 Protesting/Protecting: An Orientation 312 Protesting/Protecting: Environment 313 Protesting/Protecting: Colonialism 315 Rhetorical Survivance and Future Uncertainties 316 Notes 318 Chapter Thirteen: Counterpublicity and the Trail of Broken Treaties: Why Not “AIM” for New Sites of Deliberation? (Kristine Warrenburg Rome) 323 The Trail of Broken Treaties and the Pan AmericanNative Quest for Justice 326 A Confrontational Ethical Paradox 332 Conclusion 337 Notes 338 Chapter Fourteen: Farming, Fieldwork, and Sovereignty: Addressing Colonialist Systems with Participatory Critical Rhetoric (Anthony Sutton) 344 Western Influences Shaping Symbolic Orientations to Land, Cultures, and Bodies 347 Growing the Methods of Change: From Fieldwork to Sovereignty 349 Complicating Notions of Distance in Fieldwork 350 Creating New Symbolic References with the Farm and the Micmac Community 352 Creating New Symbolic Reference Within Fieldwork and Farming 354 Creating Opportunities to Support Sovereign Food Systems 356 Conclusion 358 Notes 359 Contributor Biographies 363 Index 367 "As survivors of genocide, mnemonicide, colonization, and forced assimilation, American Indians face a unique set of rhetorical exigencies in US public culture. Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric brings together critical essays on the cultural and political rhetoric of American indigenous communities, including essays on the politics of public memory, culture and identity controversies, stereotypes and caricatures, mascotting, cinematic representations, and resistance movements and environmental justice. This volume brings together recognized scholars and emerging voices in a series of critical projects that question the intersections of civic identity, including how American indigenous rhetoric is complicated by or made more dynamic when refracted through the lens of gender, race, class, and national identity. The authors assembled in this project employ to a variety of rhetorical methods, theories, and texts committed to the larger academic movement toward the decolonization of Western scholarship. This project illustrates the invaluable contributions of American Indian voices and perspectives to the study of rhetoric and political communication." Provided by publisher