Design first : design-based planning for communities

Well-grounded in the history and theory of Anglo-American urbanism, this illustrated textbook sets out objectives, policies and design principles for planning new communities and redeveloping existing urban neighborhoods. Drawing from their extensive experience, the authors explain how better plans (and consequently better places) can be created by applying the three-dimensional principles of urban design and physical place-making to planning problems. Design First uses case studies from the authors' own professional projects to demonstrate how theory can be turned into effective practice, using concepts of traditional urban form to resolve contemporary planning and design issues in American communities. The book is aimed at architects, planners, developers, planning commissioners, elected officials and citizens -- and, importantly, students of architecture and planning -- with the objective of reintegrating three-dimensional design firmly back into planning practice. ·Focus and emphasis on planning by 3-D design ·Clear and practical presentation of how communities can improve their town planning processes ·Case studies illustrate the practice and implementation of ideas Design First 2 Contents 6 Acknowledgements 9 Credits 10 Introduction 12 Part I History 16 1 Paradigms lost and found dilemmas of the Anglo-American city 18 SYNOPSIS 18 THE ROLE OF HISTORY 18 MODERNISM IN OPERATION 21 ANTI-MODERNIST REACTIONS 27 REAL PLACES AND VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES 33 2 Cities, suburbs and sprawl 40 SYNOPSIS 40 THE EVOLUTION OF THE ANGLO-AMERICAN SUBURB 40 FROM SUBURB TO SPRAWL: THE DEVOLUTION OF THE AMERICAN ENVIRONMENT 54 PART II Theory 62 3 Traditional urbanism: New Urbanism and Smart Growth 64 SYNOPSIS 64 THE ORIGINS, CONCEPTS AND EVOLUTION OF NEW URBANISM 64 NEW URBANISM AND SMART GROWTH 77 MYTHS AND CRITICISMS OF SMART GROWTH AND NEW URBANISM 79 4 Devices and designs: sources of good urbanism 86 SYNOPSIS 86 THE AFFIRMATION OF PLACE 86 URBAN DESIGN METHODOLOGIES 90 THE STREET AND ‘CAFÉ SOCIETY’ 100 Part III Practice 106 5 Growth management, development control and the role of urban design 108 SYNOPSIS 108 DESIGNING COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES 108 PLANNING VISIONS AND DEVELOPMENT CONTROL 120 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT CONTROL 123 6 Urban design in the real world 132 SYNOPSIS 132 THE URBAN FUTURE 132 URBAN DESIGN TECHNIQUES 141 MASTER PLANS AND MASTER-PLANNING: THE CHARRETTE PROCESS 154 PART IV Preamble to case studies 164 PREAMBLE TO CASE STUDIES 164 7 The region 168 PROJECT AND CONTEXT DESCRIPTION 168 KEY ISSUES AND GOALS 170 THE CHARRETTE 170 THE MASTER PLAN 170 IMPLEMENTATION 179 CONCLUSIONS 181 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CASE STUDY 182 8 The City 186 PROJECT AND CONTEXT DESCRIPTION 186 KEY ISSUES AND GOALS 187 THE CHARRETTE 189 THE MASTER PLAN 191 IMPLEMENTATION 198 CONCLUSIONS 198 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CASE STUDY 198 9 The Town 202 PROJECT AND CONTEXT DESCRIPTION 202 KEY ISSUES AND GOALS 203 THE CHARRETTE 204 THE MASTER PLAN 204 IMPLEMENTATION 209 CONCLUSIONS 209 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CASE STUDY 209 10 The neighborhood 212 PROJECT AND CONTEXT DESCRIPTION 212 KEY ISSUES AND GOALS 216 THE CHARRETTE 216 THE MASTER PLAN 218 IMPLEMENTATION 224 CONCLUSIONS 227 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CASE STUDY 228 11 The block 230 PROJECT AND CONTEXT DESCRIPTION 230 KEY ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES 233 THE MASTER PLAN 233 IMPLEMENTATION 235 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CASE STUDY 237 Afterword 238 APPENDIX I The charter of the congress of the new urbanism 242 THE REGION: METROPOLIS, CITY, AND TOWN 242 THE NEIGHBORHOOD, THE DISTRICT, AND THE CORRIDOR 243 THE BLOCK, THE STREET, AND THE BUILDING 243 APPENDIX II Smart growth principles 246 APPENDIX III Extracts from a typical design-based zoning ordinance 248 APPENDIX IV Extracts from general development guidelines 256 2.4.4 RURAL NEIGHBORHOOD CENTERS 257 5.1 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES 258 5.2 BUILDING PLACEMENT 259 5.3 STREET LEVEL ACTIVITY 260 APPENDIX V Extracts from urban design guidelines 262 2.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF MIXED-USE CENTERS 263 4.1 GENERAL STREET DESIGN PRINCIPLES 265 Bibliography 268 Index 280 Well-grounded in the history and theory of Anglo-American urbanism, this illustrated textbook sets out objectives, policies and design principles for planning new communities and redeveloping existing urban neighborhoods. Drawing from their extensive experience, the authors explain how better plans (and consequently better places) can be created by applying the three-dimensional principles of urban design and physical place-making to planning problems. Design First uses case studies from the authors own professional projects to demonstrate how theory can be turned into effective practice, using concepts of traditional urban form to resolve contemporary planning and design issues in American communities. The book is aimed at architects, planners, developers, planning commissioners, elected officials and citizens - and, importantly, students of architecture and planning - with the objective of reintegrating three-dimensional design firmly back into planning practice. Focus and emphasis is on planning by 3-D design. There is clear and practical presentation of how communities can improve their town planning processes. Case studies illustrate the practice and implementation of ideas Walters And Brown Define Objectives, Policies And Design Principles For Planning New Communities And Re-configuring Existing Ones In This Practical Handbook. A Series Of Case Studies Is Used To Demonstrate How Better Plans Can Be Created By Working In Three-dimensional Urban Design Detail. Introduction : History, Theory, And Contemporary Practice -- Paradigms Lost And Found : Dilemmas Of The Anglo-american City -- Cities, Suburbs, And Sprawl -- Traditional Urbanism : New Urbanism And Smart Growth -- Devices And Designs : Sources Of Good Urbanism -- Growth Management, Development Control, And The Role Of Urban Design -- Urban Design In The Real World -- The Region, Case Study 1 : Core, North Carolina -- The City, Case Study 2 : City Of Raleigh, Nc Arena Small Area Plan -- The Town, Case Study 3 : Mooresville, North Carolina -- The Neighborhood, Case Study 4 : Haynie-sirrine Neighborhood, Greenville, South Carolina -- The Block, Case Study 5 : Town Center, Cornelius, North Carolina. David Walters And Linda Brown. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 257-268) And Index.