Do Seizures Damage The Brain (progress In Brain Research)

What are the consequences, if any, of repeated brief seizures that are the defining feature of epilepsy? A firm answer to this question has been surprisingly elusive for a variety of reasons. Clearly there is a subset of patients who appear to tolerate seizures with relatively limited long-term consequences, and not all patients are destined to progress to intractability with frequent seizures and disability. This variability and individual susceptibility has made it difficult to make statements that fairly apply to the full range of people with epileptic disorders, whose disorders span a broad spectrum from mild with excellent control and few limitations, to severe with multiple daily seizures and pronounced disability that affects employment, educational performance, an personal life.This volume seeks to explore the spectrum of severe to more subtle damage that may be a consequence of seizures. The contributing authors have addressed these questions and related issues using a variety of methods in experimental models and in patients with epilepsy. Content: List of contributors Pages v-ix Preface Pages xi-xii T. Sutula, A. Pitkänen Acknowledgements Page xiii Concept of activity-induced cell death in epilepsy: historical and contemporary perspectives Original Research Article Pages 3-11 Brian S. Meldrum Are seizures harmful: what can we learn from animal models? Original Research Article Pages 13-23 Andrew J. Cole, Sookyong Koh, Yi Zheng Doubt and certainty in counting Original Research Article Pages 25-42 R.W. Guillery, B.K. August Design-based stereological methods for counting neurons Original Research Article Pages 43-51 Mark J. West The course of cellular alterations associated with the development of spontaneous seizures after status epilepticus Original Research Article Pages 53-65 F.Edward Dudek, Jennifer L. Hellier, Philip A. Williams, Damien J. Ferraro, Kevin J. Staley Progression of neuronal damage after status epilepticus and during spontaneous seizures in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 67-83 Asla Pitkänen, Jari Nissinen, Jaak Nairismägi, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Olli H.J. Gröhn, Riitta Miettinen, Risto Kauppinen Does convulsive status epilepticus (SE) result in cerebral damage or affect the course of epilepsy — the epidemiological and clinical evidence? Review Article Pages 85-93 Simon Shorvon Repeated brief seizures induce progressive hippocampal neuron loss and memory deficits Original Research Article Pages 95-110 Robert Kotloski, Michael Lynch, Suzanne Lauersdorf, Thomas Sutula Neuronal apoptosis after brief and prolonged seizures Original Research Article Pages 111-119 Johan Bengzon, Paul Mohapel, Christine T. Ekdahl, Olle Lindvall Seizure-induced neurogenesis: are more new neurons good for an adult brain? Original Research Article Pages 121-131 Jack M. Parent, Daniel H. Lowenstein Summary: Seizure-induced damage in experimental models Original Research Article Pages 133-135 Thomas Sutula, Asla Pitkänen Complications associated with genetic background effects in models of experimental epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 139-148 P. Elyse Schauwecker Genomics and neurological phenotypes: applications for seizure-induced damage Original Research Article Pages 149-160 Jo A. Del Rio, Carrolee Barlow Functional genomics in experimental and human temporal lobe epilepsy: powerful new tools to identify molecular disease mechanisms of hippocampal damage Original Research Article Pages 161-173 Albert J. Becker, Otmar D. Wiestler, Ingmar Blümcke What synaptic lipid signaling tells us about seizure-induced damage and epileptogenesis Original Research Article Pages 175-185 Nicolas G. Bazan, Bin Tu, Elena B. Rodriguez de Turco The role of mitochondria and oxidative stress in neuronal damage after brief and prolonged seizures Original Research Article Pages 187-196 Hannah R. Cock Cell death and metabolic activity during epileptiform discharges and status epilepticus in the hippocampus Original Research Article Pages 197-210 U. Heinemann, K. Buchheim, S. Gabriel, O. Kann, R. Kovacs, S. Schuchmann Summary: Mechanisms of seizure-induced damage Original Research Article Pages 211-212 Thomas Sutula, Asla Pitkänen Do seizures beget seizures? Original Research Article Pages 215-219 W. Allen Hauser, Ju R. Lee Do occasional brief seizures cause detectable clinical consequences? Original Research Article Pages 221-235 Shlomo Shinnar, W. Allen Hauser Hippocampal neuron damage in human epilepsy: Meyer's hypothesis revisited Original Research Article Pages 237-251 Gary W. Mathern, P. David Adelson, Leslie D. Cahan, Joao P. Leite MRI studies. Do seizures damage the brain? Original Research Article Pages 253-261 John S. Duncan Do prolonged febrile seizures produce medial temporal sclerosis? Hypotheses, MR1 evidence and unanswered questions Original Research Article Pages 263-278 Darrell V. Lewis, Daniel P. Barboriak, James R. MacFall, James M. Provenzale, Teresa V. Mitchell, Kevan E. VanLandingham Do recurrent seizures cause neuronal damage? A series of studies with MRI volumetry in adults with partial epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 279-295 Reetta Kälviäinen, Tuuli Salmenperä Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging suggests progressive neuronal damage in human temporal lobe epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 297-304 A. Bernasconi, E. Tasch, F. Cendes, L.M. Li, D.L. Arnold Neuroimaging and the progression of epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 305-313 William H. Theodore, William D. Gaillard Summary: Evidence for seizure-induced damage in human studies: epidemiology, pathology, imaging, and clinical studies Original Research Article Pages 315-317 Thomas Sutula, Asla Pitkänen Seizure-induced damage in the developing human: relevance of experimental models Original Research Article Pages 321-334 Gregory L. Holmes, Rustem Khazipov, Yehezkiel Ben-Ari Seizure-induced neuronal death in the immature brain Original Research Article Pages 335-353 Claude G. Wasterlain, Jerome Niquet, Kerry W. Thompson, Roger Baldwin, Hantao Liu, Raman Sankar, Andrey M. Mazarati, David Naylor, Hiroshi Katsumori, Lucie Suchomelova, Yukiyoshi Shirasaka Effects of brief seizures during development Original Research Article Pages 355-364 Libor Velíšek, Solomon L. Moshé Is neuronal death required for seizure-induced epileptogenesis in the immature brain? Original Research Article Pages 365-375 Tallie Z. Baram, Mariam Eghbal-Ahmadi, Roland A. Bender Assessing the behavioral and cognitive effects of seizures on the developing brain Original Research Article Pages 377-390 Carl E. Stafstrom Recent experimental studies of the effects of seizures on brain development Original Research Article Pages 391-393 John W. Swann Summary: Seizure-induced damage in development and functional consequences Original Research Article Pages 395-396 Thomas Sutula, Asla Pitkänen Progressive cognitive decline in adolescents and adults with epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 399-407 Carl B. Dodrill Progressive cognitive decline in epilepsy: an indication of ongoing plasticity Original Research Article Pages 409-417 H. Stefan, E. Pauli Progressive behavioral changes in children with epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 419-427 Joan K. Austin, David W. Dunn The neurodevelopmental impact of childhood onset temporal lobe epilepsy on brain structure and function and the risk of progressive cognitive effects Original Research Article Pages 429-438 Bruce P. Hermann, Michael Seidenberg, Brian Bell Effects of chronic epilepsy on declarative memory systems Original Research Article Pages 439-453 C. Helmstaedter Effects of chronic epilepsy on intellectual functions Original Research Article Pages 455-463 Hennric Jokeit, Alois Ebner Summary: Neuropsychological consequences of human epilepsy Original Research Article Pages 465-467 Thomas Sutula, Asla Pitkänen Will brain damage after status epilepticus be history in 2010? Original Research Article Pages 471-478 David M. Treiman Is complete seizure control imperative? Original Research Article Pages 479-485 Frederick Andermann Implications for neuroprotective treatments Original Research Article Pages 487-495 Brian S. Meldrum Development of neuroprotective compounds in the pharmaceutical industry: Where are we, and where are we going? Original Research Article Pages 497-507 Nancy Santilli So what can we conclude — do seizures damage the brain? Original Research Article Pages 509-512 Jerome Engel Jr. Chapter 47 Summary: Implications for management Page 513 Thomas Sutula, Asla Pitkänen Subject index Pages 515-520 What are the consequences, if any, of repeated brief seizures that are the defining feature of epilepsy? A firm answer to this question has been surprisingly elusive for a variety of reasons. Clearly there is a subset of patients who appear to tolerate seizures with relatively limited long-term consequences, and not all patients are destined to progress to intractability with frequent seizures and disability. This variability and individual susceptibility has made it difficult to make statements that fairly apply to the full range of people with epileptic disorders, whose disorders span a broad spectrum from mild with excellent control and few limitations, to severe with multiple daily seizures and pronounced disability that affects employment, educational performance, an personal life. This volume seeks to explore the spectrum of severe to more subtle damage that may be a consequence of seizures. The contributing authors have addressed these questions and related issues using a variety of methods in experimental models and in patients with epilepsy People with severe epilepsy may experience multiple seizures each day and hundreds to thousands during the course of a lifetime. For many patients, recurring seizures become increasingly frequent and are associated with progressive disability that may include memory loss, cognitive impairments, and diminished quality of life. This book seeks to answer the question, "Do seizures damage the brain?" using a variety of methods in experimental models and in patients with epilepsy.