Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation (ISSI Scientific Report Series Book 15)

This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Over the past decades, rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites. This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. In addition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites. . Front Matter ....Pages i-viii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 The Changing Landscape of Geospatial Information Markets (Conor O’Sullivan, Nicholas Wise, Pierre-Philippe Mathieu)....Pages 3-23 The Digital Transformation of Education (Ravi Kapur, Val Byfield, Fabio Del Frate, Mark Higgins, Sheila Jagannathan)....Pages 25-41 The Open Science Commons for the European Research Area (Tiziana Ferrari, Diego Scardaci, Sergio Andreozzi)....Pages 43-67 Citizen Science for Observing and Understanding the Earth (Mordechai (Muki) Haklay, Suvodeep Mazumdar, Jessica Wardlaw)....Pages 69-88 Front Matter ....Pages 89-89 Fostering Cross-Disciplinary Earth Science Through Datacube Analytics (Peter Baumann, Angelo Pio Rossi, Brennan Bell, Oliver Clements, Ben Evans, Heike Hoenig et al.)....Pages 91-119 Mind the Gap: Big Data vs. Interoperability and Reproducibility of Science (Max Craglia, Stefano Nativi)....Pages 121-141 Cyber-Infrastructure for Data-Intensive Geospatial Computing (Rajasekar Karthik, Alexandre Sorokine, Dilip R. Patlolla, Cheng Liu, Shweta M. Gupte, Budhendra L. Bhaduri)....Pages 143-164 Machine Learning Applications for Earth Observation (David J. Lary, Gebreab K. Zewdie, Xun Liu, Daji Wu, Estelle Levetin, Rebecca J. Allee et al.)....Pages 165-218 New Generation Platforms for Exploration of Crowdsourced Geo-Data (Maria Antonia Brovelli, Marco Minghini, Giorgio Zamboni)....Pages 219-243 Front Matter ....Pages 245-245 Mapping Land Use Dynamics Using the Collective Power of the Crowd (Christoph Aubrecht, Joachim Ungar, Dilek Ozceylan Aubrecht, Sérgio Freire, Klaus Steinnocher)....Pages 247-253 The Emergence of the GeoSharing Economy (Ursula Benz, Manfred Krischke)....Pages 255-260 Sustainable Agriculture and Smart Farming (Heike Bach, Wolfram Mauser)....Pages 261-269 Earth Observation Data for Enterprise Business Applications (Hinnerk Gildhoff)....Pages 271-274 Development of an Earth Observation Cloud Platform in Support to Water Resources Monitoring (Andreea Bucur, Wolfgang Wagner, Stefano Elefante, Vahid Naeimi, Christian Briese)....Pages 275-283 Putting Big Data Innovation into Action for Development (Trevor Monroe, Stephanie Debere, Kwawu Mensa Gaba, David Newhouse, Talip Killic)....Pages 285-291 Mapping Floods and Assessing Flood Vulnerability for Disaster Decision-Making: A Case Study Remote Sensing Application in Senegal (Bessie Schwarz, Gabriel Pestre, Beth Tellman, Jonathan Sullivan, Catherine Kuhn, Richa Mahtta et al.)....Pages 293-300 Earth Observation and Geospatial Implementation: Fueling Innovation in a Changing World (Sudhir Raj Shrestha, Matthew Tisdale, Steve Kopp, Brett Rose)....Pages 301-310 Artificial Intelligence and Earth Observation to Explore Water Quality in the Wadden Sea (Luigi Ceccaroni, Filip Velickovski, Meinte Blaas, Marcel R. Wernand, Anouk Blauw, Laia Subirats)....Pages 311-320 Back Matter ....Pages 321-330 This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book summarizes presentations and discussions from the two-day international workshop held at UC Berkeley in March 2015, and derives questions to be addressed in multi-disciplinary research toward a new paradigm of nuclear safety. The consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 2011 have fuelled the debate on nuclear safety: while there were no casualties due to radiation, there was substantial damage to local communities. The lack of common understanding of the basics of environmental and radiological sciences has made it difficult for stakeholders to develop effective strategies to accelerate recovery, and this is compounded by a lack of effective decision-making due to the eroded public trust in the government and operators. Recognizing that making a society resilient and achieving higher levels of saf ety relies on public participation in and feedback on decision-making, the book focuses on risk perception and mitigation in its discussion of the development of resilient communities geospatial analytics; social observatory; big earth data; open data; citizen science; open innovation; earth system science; crowdsourced geospatial data; citizen science; science in society; data science