Eating Behaviour

This text provides readers with a concise introduction to the psychology of eating focussing on the psychological and biological processes that underlie eating behaviour. While insights into eating behaviour that has gone wrong, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, are offered, the primary focus is on 'normal' eating behaviour. Eating Behaviour highlights the way that the brain and body control eating, the environmental factors that infiltrate the consciousness to make us think it is time to eat, and childhood, to unravel how eating behaviour develops within the individual. The text covers the subject of eating and food related behaviour from the five main areas of psychology, developmental, cognitive, social, biological, and psychopathological perspectives. Written in a lively, accessible style, it is designed to give readers a basic understanding of the topic and a platform from which to expand their knowledge of this area. This book is essential reading for psychology and health psychology students, those taking eating behaviour modules, and eating behaviour and disorders courses. It is also valuable reading for nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and medical students. Half title page......Page 2 Title page......Page 4 Copyright page......Page 5 Dedication page......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 List of figures and tables......Page 12 Acknowledgements......Page 14 1 Introduction: widely held assumptions and methods......Page 16 Widely held assumptions about food and eating......Page 17 Scientific methods of eating behaviour research......Page 20 Qualitative approaches and case studies......Page 21 Psychometrics......Page 22 Visual analogue scales and Likert scales......Page 24 Food diaries......Page 26 Feeding participants......Page 27 Within-meal measurements......Page 29 The scope of this book......Page 31 Introduction to appetite regulation......Page 33 Historical development......Page 34 The satiety cascade......Page 36 Hypothalamic control of eating......Page 37 Brainstem and cortical control of eating......Page 43 Liking......Page 45 Wanting......Page 47 Sensory-specific satiety: how ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ stop us eating......Page 49 Summary......Page 51 3 Storage and digestion: peripheral mechanisms of eating......Page 52 Intestinal phase: duodenum......Page 55 Intestinal phase: ileum......Page 56 The effect of macronutrients on peripheral hormones......Page 57 Responding to fat (lipids)......Page 58 Tonic signals: adipose tissue......Page 59 Summary......Page 60 Children and the development of eating behaviour......Page 61 Cognitive development......Page 62 0–2 years and the importance of exposure......Page 63 Associative learning theory......Page 64 Social learning theory, scaffolding and the influence of significant others......Page 68 2–6 years and the development of food neophobia......Page 69 Category representations of food......Page 71 6–12 years and ‘picky/fussy’ eaters......Page 73 12–16 years and the development of food-related cognitions......Page 74 Summary......Page 76 Differentiating foods based on energy value......Page 78 The model of matching......Page 80 Optimal foraging theory......Page 83 Expectancy–value models......Page 85 Food choice and ideology......Page 87 Food choice and the context of the eating episode......Page 89 Portion size......Page 91 Summary......Page 93 Eating within a wider social context......Page 94 Social approaches to food intake......Page 95 Extending food choice into the social world: attitudes, norms and control......Page 96 Social situational factors: the effect of others when eating......Page 102 Social facilitation......Page 103 Modelling......Page 104 Impression management and social judgement......Page 105 Media influences......Page 107 Body image......Page 109 Cultural/religious impacts on eating behaviour......Page 112 Summary......Page 113 7 Getting inside people’s heads: restraint, emotional eating, disinhibition and their combined effects......Page 114 Dietary restraint......Page 115 Emotional eaters......Page 119 Disinhibition......Page 120 External eaters......Page 121 Escape from self-awareness theory......Page 123 Limited capacity theory......Page 124 Summary......Page 125 8 Dealing with obesity: dieting and drugs......Page 127 Defining obesity......Page 128 Causes of obesity......Page 130 Consequences of obesity......Page 134 Treatments for obesity......Page 137 Pharmacological treatments for obesity......Page 138 Surgical treatments for obesity......Page 139 Nutritional treatments for obesity – dieting......Page 141 Physical activity interventions for obesity......Page 143 Psychological treatments for obesity......Page 144 Preventing obesity......Page 147 Summary......Page 148 What constitutes an eating disorder?......Page 151 How common are eating disorders?......Page 152 The causes of eating disorders......Page 156 Organic causes of eating disorders......Page 157 Non-organic causes of eating disorders......Page 160 Are all eating disorders similar?......Page 167 Restrictive type and binge/purging type......Page 171 Anorexia athletica......Page 172 Child-onset and adult-onset anorexia......Page 173 Night-eating syndrome......Page 174 Interpersonal psychotherapy......Page 175 Cognitive behavioural therapy......Page 176 Family therapy......Page 178 Full-time inpatient clinics......Page 179 Summary......Page 181 What we have covered in this book......Page 182 Towards a combined model of eating behaviour......Page 185 Conclusions......Page 187 Appendix 1 The neurochemistry of appetite regulation......Page 189 Appendix 2 Hormonal control of appetite regulation......Page 195 Further reading......Page 200 References......Page 203 Index......Page 237 Annotation This text provides readers with a concise introduction to the psychology of eating focussing on the psychological and biological processes that underlie eating behaviour. While insights into eating behaviour that has gone wrong, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, are offered, the primary focus is on 'normal' eating behaviour. Eating Behaviourhighlights the way that the brain and body control eating, the environmental factors that infiltrate the consciousness to make us think it is time to eat, and childhood, to unravel how eating behaviour develops within the individual. The text covers the subject of eating and food related behaviour from the five main areas of psychology, developmental, cognitive, social, biological, and psychopathological perspectives. Written in a lively, accessible style, it is designed to give readers a basic understanding of the topic and a platform from which to expand their knowledge of this area. This book is essential reading for psychology and health psychology students, those taking eating behaviour modules, and eating behaviour and disorders courses. It is also valuable reading for nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and medical students. This text provides readers with a concise introduction to the psychology of eating focussing on the psychological and biological processes that underlie eating behaviour. While insights into eating behaviour that has gone wrong, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, are offered, the primary focus is on 'normal' eating behaviour. __Eating Behaviour__ highlights the way that the brain and body control eating, the environmental factors that infiltrate the consciousness to make us think it is time to eat, and childhood, to unravel how eating behaviour develops within the individual. The text covers the subject of eating and food related behaviour from the five main areas of psychology, developmental, cognitive, social, biological, and psychopathological perspectives. Written in a lively, accessible style, it is designed to give readers a basic understanding of the topic and a platform from which to expand their knowledge of this area. This book is essential reading for psychology and health psychology students, those taking eating behaviour modules, and eating behaviour and disorders courses. It is also valuable reading for nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and medical students This Text Covers The Subject Of Eating And Food Related Behaviour From The Perspectives Of The Five Main Areas Of Psychology: Developmental, Cognitive, Social, Biological And Pathological. It Focuses On 'normal' Eating Behaviour, With Some Links Into Eating Disorders And Intervention. Introduction: Widely Held Assumptions And Methods -- The Energy Demands Of The Brain -- Central Mechanisms Of Eating -- Storage And Digestion -- Peripheral Mechanisms Of Eating -- Learning About Food? Developmental Aspects Of Eating Behaviour -- Choosing Between Foods -- Cognitive Aspects Of Eating Behaviour -- The Effect Of Others -- Social Aspects Of Eating Behaviour -- Getting Inside People's Heads: Restraint, Emotional Eating, Disinhibition And Their Combined Effects -- Dealing With Obesity -- Dieting And Drugs -- When Eating Behaviour Goes Wrong -- Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa And Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified -- Tying Up Loose Ends -- Towards A Combined Theory In Eating Behaviour -- Appendix One: The Neurochemistry Of Appetite Regulation -- Appendix Two: The Hormonal Control Of Appetite Regulation. Terence M. Dovey. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [188]-221) And Index. 1. Introduction : widely held assumptions and methods 2. The energy demands of the brain : central mechanisms of eating 3. Storage and digestion : peripheral mechanisms of eating 4. Learning about food : developmental aspects of eating behaviour 5. Choosing between foods : cognitive aspects of eating behaviour 6. The effect of others : social aspects of eating behaviour 7. Getting inside people's heads : restraint, emotional eating, disinhibition and their combined effects 8. Dealing with obesity : dieting and drugs 9. When eating behaviour goes wrong : anorexia nervosa, bulima nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified 10. Tying up loose ends : towards a combined theory of eating behaviour. The book covers the subject of eating and food related behaviour from the five main areas of psychology, including; developmental, cognitive, social, biological, and pathological perspectives. One of the key differentiators with this text is its aim to focus on “normal” Eating Behaviour, with some links into eating disorders and intervention. This book is essential reading for psychology and health psychology students, those taking eating behaviour modules, and eating behaviour and disorders courses. It is also valuable reading for nutritionists, food scientists, occupational therapists and medical students. Covers the subject of eating and food related behaviour from the five main areas of psychology, including; developmental, cognitive, social, biological, and pathological perspectives. This book is suitable for psychology and health psychology students, those taking eating behaviour modules, and eating behaviour and disorders courses.