Electrical Energy Systems, Second Edition (electric Power Engineering Series)

"We are witness to the emergence a new generation of power engineers, focused on providing electric energy in a deregulated environment. To educate this new breed, textbooks must take a comprehensive approach to electrical energy and encourage problem solving using modern tools. Updated to reflect recent trends and new areas of emphasis, Mohamed El-Hawary's Electrical Energy Systems, Second Edition shifts the teaching of electrical energy and electric power toward a sustainable and reliable paradigm. Discussions ranging from the technical aspects of generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization to power system components, theory, protection, and the energy control center culminate in the most modern and complete introduction to effects of deregulating electric power systems, blackouts and their causes, and minimizing their effects. The author prepares students for real-world challenges by including numerous examples, problems, and MATLAB? scripts, teaching students to use industry-standard problem-solving tools. This edition also features an entirely new chapter on the present and future of electric energy systems, which highlights new challenges facing system designers and operators in light of modern events and transformations impacting the field. Providing convenience for instructors in addition to a thoroughly modern education for students, Electrical Energy Systems, Second Edition sets a new benchmark for the education of electric power engineering focused on sustainable development and operation of new power systems."--Provided by publisher MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Preface 6 Table of Contents 8 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 A Brief History of Electric Power Systems 12 1.2 The Structure of the Power System 14 1.3 Outline of the Text 18 Chapter 2: BASICS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEM THEORY 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Concepts of Power in Alternating Current Systems 20 2.3 Three-Phase Systems 26 2.4 The Per Unit System 36 2.5 Electromagnetism and Electromechanical Energy Conversion 39 2.6 Permeability and Magnetic Field Intensity 42 2.7 Flux Linkages, Induced Voltages, Inductance, and Energy 45 2.8 Hysteresis Loop 47 2.9 Eddy Current and Core Losses 49 2.10 Energy Flow Approach 51 2.11 Multiply Excited Systems 55 2.12 Doubly Excited Systems 56 2.13 Salient-Pole Machines 58 2.14 Round or Smooth Air-Gap Machines 61 2.15 Machine-Type Classification 63 2.16 P-Pole Machines 66 2.17 Power System Representation 70 Problems 70 Chapter 3: POWER GENERATION AND THE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 80 3.1 Introduction 80 3.2 The Synchronous Machine: Preliminaries 80 3.3 Synchronous Machine Fields 83 3.4 A Simple Equivalent Circuit 85 3.5 Principal Steady-State Characteristics 88 3.6 Power-Angle Characteristics and the Infinite Bus Concept 90 3.7 Accounting for Saliency 97 3.8 Salient-Pole Machine Power Angle Characteristics 102 Problems 104 Chapter 4: THE TRANSFORMER 110 4.1 Introduction 110 4.2 General Theory of Transformer Operation 110 4.3 Transformer Connections 124 Problems 134 Chapter 5: ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION 140 5.1 Introduction 140 5.2 Electric Transmission Line Parameters 140 5.3 Line Inductance 142 5.4 Line Capacitance 160 5.5 Two-Port Networks 176 5.6 Transmission Line Models 178 Problems 194 Chapter 6: INDUCTION AND FRACTIONAL HORSEPOWER MOTORS 202 6.1 Introduction 202 6.2 Three-Phase Induction Motors 202 6.3 Torque Relations 210 6.4 Classification of Induction Motors 215 6.5 Rotating Magnetic Fields in Single-Phase Induction Motors 216 6.6 Equivalent Circuits for Single-Phase Induction Motors 221 6.7 Power and Torque Relations 227 6.8 Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors 233 6.9 Single-Phase Induction Motor Types 235 Problems 242 Chapter 7: FAULTS AND PROTECTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEMS 248 7.1 Introduction 248 7.2 Transients during a Balanced Fault 249 7.3 The Method of Symmetrical Components 251 7.4 Sequence Networks 256 7.5 Line-to-Ground Fault 272 7.6 Double Line-to-Ground Fault 275 7.7 Line-to-Line Fault 279 7.8 The Balanced Three-Phase Fault 282 7.9 System Protection, An Introduction 283 7.10 Protective Relays 284 7.11 Transformer Protection 287 7.12 Transmission Line Protection 293 7.13 Impedance-Based Protection Principles 300 7.14 Computer Relaying 308 Problems 310 Chapter 8: THE ENERGY CONTROL CENTER 316 8.1 Introduction 316 8.2 Overview of EMS Functions 318 8.3 Power Flow Control 326 8.4 Power Flow 330 8.5 Stability Considerations 343 8.6 Power System State Estimation 351 8.7 Power System Security 355 8.8 Contingency Analysis 360 8.9 Optimal Preventive and Corrective Actions 365 8.10 Dynamic Security Analysis 372 Chapter 9: THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEMS 378 9.1 Introduction 378 9.2 Challenges Facing the System 378 9.3 Blackouts and their Impact 382 9.4 Mitigating and Coping 390 REFERENCES 396 INDEX 402 Features discussions ranging from the technical aspects of generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization to power system components, theory, protection, and the energy control center that offer an introduction to effects of deregulating electric power systems, blackouts and their causes, and minimizing their effects. Updated to reflect modern trends, Mohamed El-Hawary's Electrical Energy Systems, Second Edition shifts the teaching of electrical energy and electric power toward a sustainable paradigm.