Electricity and electronics for HVAC/R

Master the Electric and Electronic Components that Control Today's Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Systems! Electricity and Electronics for HVAC provides an expert account of the electric and electronic components used for modern air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration systems. Packed with hundreds of detailed illustrations, this in-depth reference fully explains circuits, diagrams, digital controls, safety procedures, troubleshooting, and more. Written by the renowned technical authors Rex Miller and Mark R. Miller, this essential resource covers all electrical and electronic principles and applications of HVAC, including basic electricity...electric measuring instruments...control devices...heating circuits...refrigeration and freezer circuits...and other topics. Designed to build knowledge, skills, and confidence, Electricity and Electronics for HVAC features: Complete information on electric and electronic components for modern HVAC systems Over 345 detailed illustrations to improve technical understanding Standard and SI units for all problems and worked-out equations A PowerPoint presentation for classroom use Inside this Career-Building HVAC Tool • Introduction to Electricity • Current, Voltage, Resistance, and Power • Resistors, Color Code, Components, and Symbols • Series and Parallel Circuits • Magnetism, Solenoids, and Relays • Electric Measuring Instruments • Electric Power: DC and AC • Inductors, Inductive Reactance, and Transformers • Capacitors and Capacitive Reactance • Single and Three-Phase Power • Solid-State Controls • AC Motors • Electrical Safety • Control Devices • Heating Circuits • AC Circuits • Refrigeration and Freezer Circuits • Troubleshooting • Controlling Electric Power for AC Units oCareers in AC and Refrigeration • Index Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 19 Acknowledgments......Page 21 Introduction to Electricity......Page 25 Electricity......Page 26 Electricity's Future......Page 27 Solids, gases, and liquids......Page 28 Atom......Page 29 Electrons, protons, and neutrons......Page 30 Orbiting Electrons......Page 32 Electrical Charge......Page 33 Valence electrons and ions......Page 34 The Volt......Page 36 Difference of Potential (Voltage)......Page 37 Resistance......Page 38 The Electric Circuit......Page 39 Switches Control Electron Flow......Page 40 Review Questions......Page 41 Heat......Page 43 Magnetism......Page 44 Unit of charge: coulomb......Page 45 Unit of resistance: ohm......Page 46 Prefixes......Page 47 Ohm's Law......Page 48 Ohm's law examples......Page 49 Ohm's law and the closed circuit......Page 51 Ohm's law in other forms......Page 53 Uses for ohm's law......Page 54 Joule......Page 55 Mechanical energy......Page 56 A Practical Unit of Electrical Power: Kilowatt-Hour......Page 58 Review Questions......Page 59 Performance Objectives......Page 61 Color Code......Page 62 Examples......Page 63 Gold and silver third bands......Page 64 Variable Resistors......Page 65 Fixed resistors......Page 67 Fusible resistors......Page 68 Fixed capacitors......Page 71 Electrolytic capacitors......Page 72 Variable capacitors......Page 73 Fixed inductors......Page 74 Transformers......Page 75 Transistors......Page 76 Fuses and Circuit Breakers......Page 77 Lamps......Page 79 Batteries......Page 80 Review Questions......Page 81 Series Circuit......Page 83 Current in series......Page 85 Fuses......Page 86 Parallel circuit characteristics......Page 87 Resistances in a parallel circuit......Page 88 Series-Parallel Circuits......Page 89 Determining resistance......Page 90 Determining voltage in series-parallel circuits......Page 92 Review Questions......Page 96 Performance Objectives......Page 97 Permanent Magnets......Page 98 Electromagnets......Page 99 Shapes of Magnets......Page 100 Poles of magnets......Page 102 Electromagnetism......Page 103 Electromagnets......Page 104 The Solenoids and Relays......Page 106 Principles of operation......Page 110 Liquid line service......Page 111 High-Temperature Applications......Page 113 Hot-gas defrost service......Page 114 Transformers for Low-Voltage Controls......Page 115 Review Questions......Page 116 Electricity......Page 117 D'Arsonval meter movement......Page 118 Parallax Error......Page 121 Ammeters......Page 122 Clamp-on ammeters......Page 123 Voltmeters......Page 125 AC Voltmeters......Page 126 Multimeters......Page 127 Digital Meters......Page 128 Automatic halogen leak detector......Page 130 Electronic charging meters......Page 131 Adjusting the meter......Page 132 Review Questions......Page 134 Review Questions......Page 151 Power Sources......Page 135 Dry Cells......Page 136 Connecting Cells......Page 139 Battery Maintenance......Page 142 Alternating Current......Page 143 Sine Wave......Page 144 Sine-Wave Characteristics......Page 145 Average, RMS, and Peak Values of AC......Page 146 Polyphase Alternating Current......Page 147 Three-phase connections......Page 148 Delta and wye summarized......Page 150 Performance Objectives......Page 153 Self-Inductance......Page 154 Mutual Inductance......Page 157 Power in an Inductive Circuit......Page 158 Mutual inductance in a transformer......Page 159 Iron-core transformer......Page 160 Types of iron-core transformers......Page 161 Voltage Transfer......Page 162 Turns ratio......Page 163 Audio Frequency and Radio Frequency Transformers......Page 164 Autotransformers......Page 165 Transformer Losses......Page 166 Inductive Circuits......Page 168 Special handling......Page 169 Review Questions......Page 170 Performance Objectives......Page 171 How the Capacitor Works......Page 173 Capacity of a Capacitor......Page 174 Types of Capacitors......Page 175 Electrolytic Capacitors......Page 177 Connecting electrolytics......Page 178 Capacitive Reactance......Page 179 Capacitor Causes a Lagging Voltage......Page 180 Checking Capacitors......Page 181 Review Questions......Page 182 Single-Phase and Three-Phase AC......Page 185 Resistance, Capacitance, and Inductance......Page 186 Power Factor......Page 188 Distributing Electric Power......Page 189 Polyphase......Page 190 Circuit Breakers......Page 193 Review Questions......Page 195 Semiconductors......Page 197 Semiconductor Principles......Page 198 Diode......Page 199 Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers......Page 201 Transistors......Page 202 Transistor impedances......Page 203 Integrated Circuits......Page 204 Thermistor Sensing......Page 206 Humidity Sensing......Page 208 Bridge Circuit......Page 210 Unbalanced bridge......Page 211 Electronic Controllers......Page 213 Differential Amplifiers......Page 214 Actuators......Page 215 Operation of the module......Page 216 Troubleshooting the control......Page 218 Restoring service......Page 220 Review Questions......Page 221 Motors......Page 223 Getting the motor started......Page 228 Repulsion Start, Induction Run Motor......Page 230 Capacitor-Start Motor......Page 232 Permanent Split-Capacitor Motor......Page 234 Theory of operation......Page 236 Theory of operation......Page 239 Theory of operation......Page 240 Start Capacitors and Bleeder Resistors......Page 243 Compressor Motor Relays......Page 245 Potential-type relay......Page 246 Review Questions......Page 248 Safety Precautions......Page 249 Main Switches......Page 250 Portable Electrical Tools......Page 251 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI)......Page 253 Types of Circuit Protectors......Page 254 Review Questions......Page 255 Power Relays......Page 257 Motor start relays......Page 258 Relays with more than one contact......Page 259 Thermal overload protectors......Page 260 Time-delay relays......Page 261 Solenoids......Page 262 Bellows-type thermostats......Page 263 Bimetallic-type thermostats......Page 265 Heating and cooling thermostats......Page 266 Thermostat Adjustments......Page 269 Switches of Many Types......Page 270 Pressure Control Switches......Page 271 Water Tower Controls......Page 272 Review Questions......Page 274 Performance Objectives......Page 275 Basic Gas Furnace Operation......Page 276 Basic operation......Page 277 Ladder Diagrams......Page 278 Manufacturer's Diagrams......Page 281 Low-Voltage Wiring......Page 282 Heat Pumps......Page 284 Operation......Page 285 Special requirements of heat-pump systems......Page 290 High-Efficiency Furnaces......Page 291 Operation......Page 292 Electrical controls......Page 293 Sequence of operation......Page 294 Troubleshooting the Pulse Furnace......Page 295 Review Questions......Page 302 Basic Air-Conditioning Unit......Page 303 Push-button switches......Page 306 Schematics......Page 307 Thermostats......Page 311 Review Questions......Page 315 Thermostats......Page 317 Manual defrost......Page 319 Defrosting......Page 320 Defrost thermostats......Page 321 Defrost cycle......Page 323 Other Devices......Page 326 Troubleshooting......Page 328 Rapid Electrical Diagnosis......Page 330 Energy-Saver Switches......Page 333 Review Questions......Page 334 Safety......Page 335 Air-conditioner compressors......Page 336 Low-Voltage Operation......Page 339 Motor testing......Page 340 Motor-protector relay testing......Page 341 Using Meters to Check for Problems......Page 342 Clamp-on volt-ammeters......Page 344 Looking for grounds......Page 345 Looking for shorts......Page 346 Testing the Centrifugal Switch in a Single-Phase Motor......Page 347 Capacitor testing......Page 348 Measuring the capacity of a capacitor......Page 349 Troubleshooting Procedure......Page 350 Review Questions......Page 351 Choosing Wire Size......Page 353 Wire Size and Low Voltage......Page 354 Voltage drop calculations......Page 356 The Effects of Voltage Variations on AC Motors......Page 357 Selecting Proper Wire Size......Page 359 Single-phase current......Page 360 Three-phase circuits......Page 362 Heat Generated Within Conductors......Page 363 Circuit Protection......Page 364 One-time single-element fuses......Page 365 Time-delay two-element fuses......Page 366 Thermostats......Page 367 Thermostat as a control switch......Page 368 Service......Page 369 Starter Kits......Page 370 Single-Phase Line Monitors......Page 371 Time Delays......Page 374 Line voltage head pressure controls......Page 376 Three-Phase Line Voltage Monitor......Page 379 Review Questions......Page 384 Industries that Employ Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics......Page 385 Job Qualifications......Page 388 Pay and Benefits......Page 389 Sources of Additional Information......Page 391 Review Questions......Page 393 Index......Page 395 C......Page 397 D......Page 398 G......Page 399 M......Page 400 P......Page 401 S......Page 402 T......Page 403 W......Page 404

master The Electric And Electronic Components That Control

today's Air Conditioning, Heating, And Refrigeration Systems!

Electricity And Electronics For Hvac Provides An Expert Account Of The Electric And Electronic Components Used For Modern Air Conditioning, Heating, And Refrigeration Systems. Packed With Hundreds Of Detailed Illustrations, This In-depth Reference Fully Explains Circuits, Diagrams, Digital Controls, Safety Procedures, Troubleshooting, And More.

written By The Renowned Technical Authors Rex Miller And Mark R. Miller, This Essential Resource Covers All Electrical And Electronic Principles And Applications Of Hvac, Including Basic Electricity…electric Measuring Instruments…control Devices…heating Circuits…refrigeration And Freezer Circuits…and Other Topics. Designed To Build Knowledge, Skills, And Confidence, electricity And Electronics For Hvac Features:

• complete Information On Electric And Electronic Components For Modern

  hvac Systems

• over 345 Detailed Illustrations To Improve Technical Understanding
• standard And Si Units For All Problems And Worked-out Equations
• a Powerpoint Presentation For Classroom Use

inside This Career-building Hvac Tool

• Introduction To Electricity • Current, Voltage, Resistance, And Power • Resistors, Color Code, Components, And Symbols • Series And Parallel Circuits • Magnetism, Solenoids, And Relays • Electric Measuring Instruments • Electric Power: Dc And Ac • Inductors, Inductive Reactance, And Transformers • Capacitors And Capacitive Reactance • Single And Three-phase Power • Solid-state Controls • Ac Motors • Electrical Safety • Control Devices • Heating Circuits • Ac Circuits • Refrigeration And Freezer Circuits • Troubleshooting • Controlling Electric Power For Ac Units Ocareers In Ac And Refrigeration • Index

Master the Electric and Electronic Components that Control Today's Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Systems! Electricity and Electronics for HVAC provides an expert account of the electric and electronic components used for modern air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration systems. Packed with hundreds of detailed illustrations, this in-depth reference fully explains circuits, diagrams, digital controls, safety procedures, troubleshooting, and more. Written by the renowned technical authors Rex Miller and Mark R. Miller, this essential resource covers all electrical and electronic principles and applications of HVAC, including basic electricity electric measuring instruments control devices heating circuits refrigeration and freezer circuits and other topics. Designed to build knowledge, skills, and confidence, Electricity and Electronics for HVAC features: Complete information on electric and electronic components for modern HVAC systems Over 345 detailed illustrations to improve technical understanding Standard and SI units for all problems and worked-out equations A PowerPoint presentation for classroom use Inside this Career-Building HVAC Tool Introduction to Electricity Current, Voltage, Resistance, and Power Resistors, Color Code, Components, and Symbols Series and Parallel Circuits Magnetism, Solenoids, and Relays Electric Measuring Instruments Electric Power: DC and AC Inductors, Inductive Reactance, and Transformers Capacitors and Capacitive Reactance Single and Three-Phase Power Solid-State Controls AC Motors Electrical Safety Control Devices Heating Circuits AC Circuits Refrigeration and Freezer Circuits Troubleshooting Controlling Electric Power for AC Units oCareers in AC and Refrigeration Index" Covers what you need to know for an understanding of the electrical and electronic principles and applications of the air conditioning, heating and refrigeration field. This book covers safety procedures, heating and ventilation, voltages and currents.