Embedded software

The Newnes Know It All Series takes the best of what our authors have written to create hard-working desk references that will be an engineer's first port of call for key information, design techniques and rules of thumb. Guaranteed not to gather dust on a shelf RF (radio frequency) and wireless technologies drive communication today. This technology and its applications enable wireless phones, portable device roaming, and short-range industrial and commercial application communication such as the supply chain management wonder, RFID. Up-to-date information regarding software defined RF, using frequencies smarter, and, using more of the spectrum, with ultrawideband technology is detailed. Chapter 1: Survey of RF and Wireless Technology Chapter 2: Communications Protocols and Modulation Chapter 3: Transmitters Chapter 4: Receivers Chapter 5: Radio Propagation Chapter 6: Antenna Fundamentals I Chapter 7: Antenna Fundamentals II. Chapter 8: Basics of Wireless Local Area Networks Chapter 9: Outdoor Networks. Chapter 10: Voice Over Wi-Fi and Other Wireless Technologies Chapter 11: Security in Wireless Local Area Networks Chapter 12: System Planning Chapter 13: System Implementation, Testing, and Optimization Chapter 14: Next Generation Wireless Networks Chapter 15: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Chapter 16: Wireless Sensor Networks Chapter 17: Reliable Wireless Networks for Industrial Networks Chapter 18: Software-Defined Radio Chapter 19: The Basics of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology Chapter 20: UWB Spectrum and Regulation Chapter 21: Interference and Coexistence Chapter 22: Direct Sequence UWB Chapter 23: Multiband Approach to UWB Chapter 24: History and Background of Cognitive Radio Chapter 25: The Software Defined Radio as a Platform for Cognitive Radio Chapter 26: Cognitive Radio: The Technologies Chapter 27: Spectrum Awareness Chapter 28: Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Chapter 29: RF Power Amplifiers Chapter 30: Phase Locked Loop Techniques in Modern Communications Systems Chapter 31 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) *A 360 degree view from best-selling authors including Roberto Aiello, Bruce Fette, and Praphul Chandra *Hot topics covered including ultrawideband and cognitive radio technologies *The ultimate hard-working desk reference: all the essential information, techniques, and tricks of the trade in one volume Cover Page......Page 1 Newnes Know It All Series......Page 3 Title: Embedded Hardware......Page 4 ISBN 0750685840......Page 5 Contents (with page links)......Page 6 About the Authors......Page 14 1.1 Lesson One on Hardware: Reading Schematics......Page 18 1.2 The Embedded Board and the von Neumann Model......Page 22 1.3 Powering the Hardware......Page 26 1.4 Basic Electronics......Page 29 1.5 Putting It Together: A Power Supply......Page 49 Endnotes......Page 58 2.1 Coding......Page 60 2.2 Combinatorial Logic......Page 64 2.3 Sequential Logic......Page 70 2.4 Putting It All Together: The Integrated Circuit......Page 75 Endnotes......Page 78 3.1 Introduction......Page 80 3.2 ISA Architecture Models......Page 82 3.3 Internal Processor Design......Page 95 3.4 Processor Performance......Page 148 Endnotes......Page 150 4.1 Board I/O......Page 154 4.2 Managing Data: Serial vs. Parallel I/O......Page 157 4.3 Interfacing the I/O Components......Page 178 4.4 I/O and Performance......Page 182 4.5 Board Buses......Page 183 4.6 Bus Arbitration and Timing......Page 185 4.7 Integrating the Bus with Other Board Components......Page 196 4.8 Bus Performance......Page 197 5.2 Memory Spaces......Page 200 5.3 Cache Overview......Page 204 5.4 External Memory......Page 212 5.5 Direct Memory Access......Page 231 Endnotes......Page 253 6.2 Timing Diagram Notation Conventions......Page 256 6.3 Fan-Out and Loading Analysis: DC and AC......Page 261 6.4 Logic Family IC Characteristics and Interfacing......Page 272 6.5 Design Example: Noise Margin Analysis Spreadsheet......Page 278 6.6 Worst-Case Timing Analysis Example......Page 287 Endnotes......Page 289 7.1 Introduction......Page 290 7.2 Choosing the Right Core......Page 293 7.3 Building Custom Peripherals with FPGAs......Page 298 7.4 Whose Development Hardware to Use—Chicken or Egg?......Page 299 7.5 Recommended Laboratory Equipment......Page 302 7.6 Development Toolchains......Page 303 7.7 Free Embedded Operating Systems......Page 306 7.8 GNU and You: How Using “Free” Software Affects Your Product......Page 312 8.1 Introduction......Page 318 8.2 Some History......Page 320 8.3 RS-232 Standard Operating Procedure......Page 322 8.4 RS-232 Voltage Conversion Considerations......Page 325 8.5 Implementing RS-232 with a Microcontroller......Page 327 8.6 Writing RS-232 Microcontroller Routines in BASIC......Page 350 8.7 Building Some RS-232 Communications Hardware......Page 356 8.8 I2C: The Other Serial Protocol......Page 359 8.9 Communication Options......Page 395 Endnote......Page 404 9.2 Digital Interfacing......Page 406 9.3 High-Current Outputs......Page 421 9.4 CPLDs and FPGAs......Page 435 9.5 Analog Interfacing: An Overview......Page 437 9.6 Conclusion......Page 451 Endnote......Page 452 10.2 Diagnostics......Page 454 10.3 Connecting Tools......Page 455 10.4 Other Thoughts......Page 456 10.5 Construction Methods......Page 457 10.7 Electrostatic Discharge Effects......Page 459 10.8 Hardware Development Tools......Page 461 10.9 Software Development Tools......Page 462 10.10 Other Specialized Design Considerations......Page 463 10.11 Processor Performance Metrics......Page 465 Appendix A: Schematic Symbols......Page 468 B......Page 476 D......Page 477 F......Page 478 I......Page 479 L......Page 480 O......Page 481 Q......Page 482 S......Page 483 V......Page 484 X......Page 485 C.1 Introduction......Page 486 C.2 Resistance of Conductors......Page 487 C.3 Voltage Drop in Signal Leads—“Kelvin” Feedback......Page 488 C.4 Signal Return Currents......Page 489 C.5 Grounding in Mixed Analog/Digital Systems......Page 491 C.6 Ground and Power Planes......Page 492 C.7 Double-Sided versus Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards......Page 494 C.8 Multicard Mixed-Signal Systems......Page 495 C.9 Separating Analog and Digital Grounds......Page 496 C.10 Grounding and Decoupling Mixed-Signal ICs with Low Digital Currents......Page 497 C.11 Treat the ADC Digital Outputs with Care......Page 498 C.12 Sampling Clock Considerations......Page 500 C.13 The Origins of the Confusion About Mixed-Signal Grounding: Applying Single-Card Grounding Concepts to Multicard Systems......Page 502 C.14 Summary: Grounding Mixed-Signal Devices with Low Digital Currents in a Multicard System......Page 503 C.16 Grounding DSPs with Internal Phase-Locked Loops......Page 504 C.17 Grounding Summary......Page 505 C.16 Some General PC Board Layout Guidelines for Mixed-Signal Systems......Page 506 C.19 Skin Effect......Page 508 C.20 Transmission Lines......Page 510 C.21 Be Careful with Ground Plane Breaks......Page 511 C.22 Ground Isolation Techniques......Page 512 C.23 Static PCB Effects......Page 514 C.24 Sample MINIDIP and SOIC Op Amp PCB Guard Layouts......Page 517 C.25 Dynamic PCB Effects......Page 519 C.26 Stray Capacitance......Page 520 C.27 Capacitive Noise and Faraday Shields......Page 521 C.29 Buffering ADCs Against Logic Noise......Page 523 Endnotes......Page 525 Acknowledgments......Page 526 Index (with page links)......Page 528 The Newnes Know It All Series takes the best of what our authors have written to create hard-working desk references that will be an engineer's first port of call for key information, design techniques and rules of thumb. Guaranteed not to gather dust on a shelf!

RF (radio frequency) and wireless technologies drive communication today. This technology and its applications enable wireless phones, portable device roaming, and short-range industrial and commercial application communication such as the supply chain management wonder, RFID. Up-to-date information regarding software defined RF, using frequencies smarter, and using more of the spectrum, with ultrawideband technology is detailed.
detailed.

*A 360-degree view from best-selling authors including Roberto Aiello, Bruce Fette, and Praphul Chandra
*Hot topics covered including ultrawideband and cognitive radio technologies
*The ultimate hard-working desk reference: all the essential information, techniques, and tricks of the trade in one volume The Newnes Know It All Series takes the best of what our authors have written to create hard-working desk references that will be an engineer's first port of call for key information, design techniques and rules of thumb. Guaranteed not to gather dust on a shelf!

Circuit design using microcontrollers is both a science and an art. This book covers it all. It details all of the essential theory and facts to help an engineer design a robust embedded system. Processors, memory, and the hot topic of interconnects (I/O) are completely covered. Our authors bring a wealth of experience and ideas; this is a must-own book for any embedded designer.

*A 360 degree view from best-selling authors including Jack Ganssle, Tammy Noergard, and Fred Eady
*Key facts, techniques, and applications fully detailed
*The ultimate hard-working desk reference: all the essential information, techniques, and tricks of the trade in one volume The Newnes Know It All Series takes the best of what our authors have written to create hard-working desk references that will be an engineer's first port of call for key information, design techniques and rules of thumb. Guaranteed not to gather dust on a shelf!Circuit design using microcontrollers is both a science and an art. This book covers it all. It details all of the essential theory and facts to help an engineer design a robust embedded system. Processors, memory, and the hot topic of interconnects (I/O) are completely covered. Our authors bring a wealth of experience and ideas; this is a must-own book for any embedded designer. *A 360 degree view from best-selling authors including Jack Ganssle, Tammy Noergard, and Fred Eady*Key facts, techniques, and applications fully detailed*The ultimate hard-working desk all the essential information, techniques, and tricks of the trade in one volume