Encyclopedia of Multicultural Education

In the study of multicultural education, there are key names, places, concepts, and legal actions which provide a foundation for the field. This reference includes more than 400 entries from a broad range of topics related to multicultural education, which the authors define as education geared toward reducing bias, ensuring equity, and promoting understanding of the self and others. Each item in the encyclopedia has been chosen for its value in illuminating one or more particular concerns in the field. Each entry not only helps to identify and place in an historical perspective a concept, place, person, event, or legal action, but also links that topic to an important aspect of multicultural education. While the encyclopedia provides coverage of numerous terms from the social sciences and discusses various court decisions and historical events, it also includes entries for notable persons from a wide range of cultural groups. These persons exemplify the achievements and diversity of America's many cultures and are often discussed within a multicultural curriculum. In addition, the volume provides entries for cultural and ethnic groups. These entries discuss the educational needs and experiences of the group. Thus there are entries for such groups as African-Americans, Anglo-Americans, Asian-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Jewish-Americans; for organizations, such as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith; for several Native American people; for persons, such as George Washington Carver, Geronimo, and Jesse Jackson; and for numerous terms and concepts, such as busing, institutional racism, gender equity, quota systems, and reverse discrimination. Entries provide bibliographic information, and the volume concludes with a selected, general bibliography. Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 ABOLITIONISTS......Page 12 ACCESS......Page 13 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION......Page 14 AFRICAN AMERICANS,......Page 15 AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION......Page 16 AFROCENTRISM......Page 17 ALAMBRISTAS......Page 18 ALI, MUHAMMAD......Page 19 AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION (ACLU)......Page 20 AMISTAD EVENT......Page 21 ANASAZI......Page 22 ANGELOU, MAYA......Page 23 ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B’NAI B’RITH......Page 24 ANTI-SEMITISM......Page 25 ARAWAK......Page 26 ARMSTRONG, LOUIS......Page 27 ASIAN AMERICANS......Page 28 ATTUCKS, CRISPUS......Page 29 AUTONOMOUS MINORITIES......Page 30 BALDWIN, JAMES......Page 32 BARRIO......Page 33 BETHUNE, MARY McLEOD......Page 34 BILINGUAL EDUCATION......Page 35 BLACK COLLEGES......Page 36 BLACK ENGLISH......Page 37 BLACK PANTHERS......Page 38 BOND, JULIAN......Page 39 BRACERO PROGRAM......Page 40 BROWN, JOHN......Page 41 BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION......Page 42 BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS (BM)......Page 43 BURLINGAME TREATY......Page 44 BUSSING......Page 45 CARMICHAEL, STOKELY......Page 46 CARVER, GEORGE WASHINGTON......Page 47 CASTRO, FIDEL......Page 48 CHAVEZ, CESAR......Page 49 CHICANO......Page 50 CHICANO MOVEMENT......Page 51 CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT......Page 52 CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS IN EDUCATION......Page 53 CINCO DE MAYO......Page 54 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT......Page 55 CLARK, KENNETH......Page 56 COLEMAN REPORT......Page 57 COLONIA......Page 58 COMANCHE TRIBE......Page 59 CONFUCIANISM......Page 60 CONSERVATISM......Page 61 CROCKER, CHARLES......Page 62 CROW TRIBE......Page 63 CULTURAL ENCAPSULATION......Page 64 CULTURAL RELATIVISM......Page 65 CULTURE......Page 66 CULTURE-FREE TESTS......Page 67 DANCING RABBIT CREEK, TREATY OF......Page 68 DE FACTO SEGREGATION......Page 69 DE KLERK, FREDERIK WILLEM......Page 70 DEES, MORRIS......Page 71 DESEGREGATION PLANS......Page 72 DOMESTIC DEPENDENT NATION......Page 73 DU BOIS, W.E.B.......Page 74 DYER ANTI-LYNCHING BILL......Page 75 EINSTEIN, ALBERT......Page 76 EL GRITO DE DOLORES......Page 77 ENCULTURATION......Page 78 ENGEL v. VITALE......Page 79 ENGLISH ONLY......Page 80 EQUAL EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY......Page 81 EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE......Page 82 ETHNIC CLEANSING......Page 83 ETHNOCENTRISM......Page 84 EUROCENTRISM......Page 85 EVERS, MEDGAR......Page 86 EXECUTIVE ORDER #9066......Page 87 FARMER, JAMES......Page 88 FILIPINO AMERICANS......Page 89 FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT......Page 90 FREEDOM RIDERS......Page 91 FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS......Page 92 GANDHI, MAHATMA (MOHANDA KARAMCHAND)......Page 94 GARVEY, MARCUS......Page 95 GENDER EQUITY......Page 96 GERONIMO......Page 97 GHETTO......Page 98 GONZALES, CORKY......Page 99 GREGORY, DICK......Page 100 GYPSIES......Page 101 HALEY, ALEX......Page 102 HARLEM......Page 103 HARPER’S FERRY......Page 104 HAWAIIAN AMERICANS......Page 105 HILL, ANITA......Page 106 HISPANIC AMERICANS......Page 107 HITLER, ADOLF......Page 108 HOLOCAUST......Page 109 HUGHES, LANGSTON......Page 110 IDEOLOGY......Page 112 IMBALANCE......Page 113 IMMIGRANTS......Page 114 INDENTURED SERVITUDE......Page 115 INDIAN EDUCATION......Page 116 INDIAN REMOVAL ACT......Page 117 INSTITUTIONAL RACISM......Page 118 INTEGRATED SCHOOLS......Page 119 INVISIBLE EMPIRE......Page 120 IRISH AMERICANS......Page 121 IROQUOIS LEAGUE......Page 122 JACKSON, ANDREW......Page 124 JAPANESE-AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE......Page 125 JAPANESE AMERICANS......Page 126 JAZZ......Page 127 JEWISH AMERICANS......Page 128 JIM CROW LAWS......Page 129 JOHNSON, JACK......Page 130 JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON......Page 131 JOPLIN, SCOTT......Page 132 JOSEPH, CHIEF......Page 133 KAMEHAMEHA......Page 136 KING, MARTIN LUTHER, JR.......Page 137 KINGSOLVER, BARBARA......Page 138 KOREAN AMERICANS......Page 139 KURDS......Page 140 KWANZAA......Page 141 LA GUARDIA, FIORELLO......Page 142 LA RAZA UNIDA......Page 143 LATINO......Page 144 LEWIS, GEORGE......Page 145 LINCOLN, ABRAHAM......Page 146 LITERACY TESTS......Page 147 LYNCHINGS......Page 148 MAGNET SCHOOLS......Page 150 MANDELA, NELSON......Page 151 MANZANAR......Page 152 McCARRAN-WALTER ACT......Page 153 MENOMINEE TRIBE......Page 154 MEXICAN AMERICANS......Page 155 MIGRANT EDUCATION......Page 156 MILITIA MOVEMENT, UNITED STATES......Page 157 MISSOURI v. GAINES......Page 158 MOJADOS......Page 159 MONTAGU, ASHLEY......Page 160 MOTHER TONGUE......Page 161 MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION......Page 162 NATION OF ISLAM......Page 164 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (NAACP)......Page 165 NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN (NOW)......Page 166 NATIVE AMERICANS......Page 167 NATURALIZATION ACT OF 1790......Page 168 NAVAJO TRIBE......Page 169 NEGRO......Page 170 NEWTON, HUEY......Page 171 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION......Page 172 NON-VIOLENT PROTEST......Page 173 O’CONNOR, SANDRA DAY......Page 176 OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY (OEO)......Page 177 OFFICE OF EDUCATION (UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION)......Page 178 OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING......Page 179 OLD BOY NETWORK......Page 180 OPEN-HOUSING LAW......Page 181 OPERATION HEAD START......Page 182 ORAL HISTORY......Page 183 OUTREACH PROGRAMS......Page 184 OWENS, JESSE......Page 185 PACHUCO......Page 186 PASSING (FOR WHITE)......Page 187 PEQUOT TRIBE......Page 188 PLANNING MULTICULTURAL LESSONS......Page 189 PLESSY v. FERGUSON......Page 191 POCHO......Page 192 PONCE DE LEON......Page 193 POVERTY......Page 194 POWHATAN......Page 195 PRE-COLUMBIAN HISTORY......Page 196 PREJUDICE......Page 197 PUEBLA, MEXICO......Page 198 PUEBLO TRIBE......Page 199 PUERTO RICAN AMERICANS......Page 200 QUECHAN TRIBE......Page 202 QUEEN OF THE VOODOOS......Page 203 QUOTA SYSTEMS......Page 204 RACE......Page 206 RACISM......Page 207 RECONSTRUCTION......Page 209 REDLINING......Page 210 RELIGIOUS FREEDOM......Page 211 REPUBLICAN RIGHT......Page 212 RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR US. NATIVE AMERICANS......Page 213 REVERSE DISCRIMINATION......Page 214 RITES OF PASSAGE......Page 215 ROBESON, PAUL......Page 216 ROBINSON, JACKIE......Page 217 ROQSEVELT, FRANKLIN DELANO......Page 218 SAND CREEK MASSACRE......Page 220 SANTA ANNA, ANTONIO LOPEZ DE......Page 221 SCHOOL PROGRAMS FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNITY EXPLORATION (SPICE)......Page 222 SEMINOLE TRIBE......Page 223 SEPARATISM......Page 224 SEXISM......Page 225 SILENT MAJORITY......Page 226 SIOUX TRIBE......Page 227 SIT-INS......Page 228 SITTING BULL (CHIEF)......Page 229 SLAVERY......Page 230 SNYDER ACT......Page 232 SOCIETY......Page 233 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES)......Page 234 SOUTHEAST ASIAN AMERICANS......Page 235 SPANISH AMERICANS......Page 236 STEREOTYPING......Page 237 STORYVILLE......Page 238 STOWE, HARRIETT BEECHER......Page 239 STUDENTS OF COLOR......Page 240 SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES......Page 241 SWANN v. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION......Page 242 SWEATT v. PAINTER......Page 243 TAKAKI, RONALD......Page 246 TEACHING ENGLISH TO SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES (TESOL)......Page 247 TECUMSEH......Page 248 TERMINATION POLICY......Page 249 THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT......Page 250 THORPE, JIM......Page 251 TILL, EMMETT......Page 252 TITLE IX......Page 253 TLINGIT TRIBE......Page 254 TRADING POSTS......Page 255 TRADITIONAL JAZZ......Page 256 TRAIL OF TEARS......Page 257 TRANSITIONAL BILINGUAL EDUCATION......Page 258 TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO......Page 259 TRIBE......Page 260 TURNER, NAT......Page 261 TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE......Page 262 TWENTY-FOURTH AND TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY REGIMENTS......Page 263 UNCLE TOM......Page 264 UNCLE TOM’S CABIN......Page 265 UNCONSCIOUS CULTURAL CONFLICTS......Page 266 UNDERCLASS......Page 267 UNDERGROUND RAILROAD......Page 268 UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS......Page 269 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION......Page 270 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA......Page 271 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 272 URBAN INDIANS......Page 273 UTE TRIBE......Page 274 VICTORIO......Page 276 VIETNAMESE AMERICANS,......Page 277 VISION QUEST......Page 278 VISTA......Page 279 VOTING RIGHTS......Page 280 WALLACE, GEORGE......Page 282 WAMPANOAG TRIBE......Page 283 WASHINGTON, BOOKER T.......Page 284 WASHINGTON, KENNY......Page 285 WATTS RIOTS......Page 286 WILEY, LEE......Page 287 WILLIAMS, DANIEL H.......Page 288 WOMEN’S MOVEMENT......Page 289 WOODSON, CARTER G.......Page 290 WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE......Page 291 XENOPHOBIA......Page 292 YAKAMA TRIBE......Page 294 YOUNG, ANDREW......Page 295 ZAHARIAS, “BABE” DIDRICKSON......Page 298 ZIONISM......Page 299 ZOOT SUIT RIOTS......Page 300 ZUNIS......Page 301 Selected Bibliography......Page 304 B......Page 310 E......Page 311 K......Page 312 P......Page 313 T......Page 314 Z......Page 315 This encyclopedia contains over 400 terms, phrases, concepts, U.S. Supreme Court decisions, significant contributors to the American macroculture from the country's various racial and/or ethnic backgrounds, key events, and court cases related to multicultural education. Arranged alphabetically, each entry is defined and discussed in keeping with its relationship to multicultural education. Entries were chosen by an advisory group consisting of people who have played prominent roles in various areas of multicultural education. Encyclopedia entries were selected based on their relationship to the content and method of multicultural education, rather than on the basis of historical prominence, celebrity of the individual, or the event cited. Sources consulted in the preparation of this work were chosen according to three criteria: relevance to the context of multicultural education, value as authoritative sources, and currency of scholarship. Each item provides a brief description of the entry, along with cited references related to the topic. A selected bibliography is provided at the end of the encyclopedia. (Contains 110 references.) (SM) The Encyclopedia of Multicultural Education has been created to provide educators with an easy to use single volume reference work. The encyclopedia consists of more than 400 terms, phrases, concepts, U.S. Supreme Court decisions, significant contributes to the American macro culture from the country's various racial and or ethnic backgrounds and key even and count cases related to multicultural education. Arranged alphabetically, each entry is define and or discussed in keeping with its relationship to multicultural education. (Taken from preface of the book)