Engineering Tribology, Second Edition

The field of tribology encompasses knowledge drawn from the disciplines of mechanical engineering, materials science, chemistry and physics. The control of friction and wear, the aim of the subject, is comprehensively and accessibly addressed in this 2nd edition of Engineering Tribology. This interdisciplinary approach has proven to be a very successful way of analyzing friction and wear problems. In conjunction with this 2nd Edition, MATLAB computer programs will be accessible for practical applications via the Butterworth-Heinemann website. A basic feature of Engineering Tribology 2nd Edition is the emphasis on describing various concepts in an accessible manner for the benefit of non-specialists. This principle is applied from the beginning of the book, where the reader is introduced to the fundamental concept of tribology. This concept is then used to show how the various topics in tribology are interrelated to form one coherent subject. A direct graphical illustration of the mechanisms controlling tribological phenomena is presented. Carefully prepared diagrams allow rapid appreciation of the basic ideas and facts in tribology. The numerical analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication is supported by a number of computer programs which are included in the book. The control of wear is given extensive treatment with a thorough discussion of lubricant additives, solid lubricants and surface coatings. The effectiveness of coatings in suppressing specific forms of wear is analyzed together with the methods of coatings deposition. More than 1000 references are provided to give the reader access to more specialized information if required. An essential aspect of all engineering industry Highly illustrated, comprehensive subject coverage Practical applications used as examples where appropriate Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 24 Acknowledgements......Page 25 1.1 BACKGROUND......Page 26 1.2 MEANING OF TRIBOLOGY......Page 27 1.3 COST OF FRICTION AND WEAR......Page 30 2.2 OIL VISCOSITY......Page 36 2.3 VISCOSITY TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP......Page 38 2.4 VISCOSITY INDEX......Page 40 2.5 VISCOSITY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP......Page 41 2.6 VISCOSITY-SHEAR RATE RELATIONSHIP......Page 47 2.7 VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS......Page 49 2.8 VISCOSITY OF MIXTURES......Page 55 2.9 OIL VISCOSITY CLASSIFICATION......Page 56 2.10 LUBRICANT DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY......Page 58 2.11 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF LUBRICANTS......Page 59 2.12 TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS OF LUBRICANTS......Page 60 2.13 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LUBRICANTS......Page 68 2.15 LUBRICANT IMPURITIES AND CONTAMINANTS......Page 69 2.16 SOLUBILITY OF GASES IN OILS......Page 70 2.17 SUMMARY......Page 73 3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 76 3.2 MINERAL OILS......Page 77 3.3 SYNTHETIC OILS......Page 82 3.4 EMULSIONS AND AQUEOUS LUBRICANTS......Page 90 3.5 GREASES......Page 91 3.6 LUBRICANT ADDITIVES......Page 106 3.7 SUMMARY......Page 121 4.2 REYNOLDS EQUATION......Page 126 4.3 PAD BEARINGS......Page 141 4.4 CONVERGING-DIVERGING WEDGES......Page 162 4.5 JOURNAL BEARINGS......Page 171 4.6 THERMAL EFFECTS IN BEARINGS......Page 197 4.7 LIMITS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION......Page 207 4.8 HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION WITH NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS......Page 209 4.9 REYNOLDS EQUATION FOR SQUEEZE FILMS......Page 216 4.10 POROUS BEARINGS......Page 221 4.11 SUMMARY......Page 222 5.2 NON-DIMENSIONALIZATION OF THE REYNOLDS EQUATION......Page 226 5.3 THE VOGELPOHL PARAMETER......Page 227 5.4 FINITE DIFFERENCE EQUIVALENT OF THE REYNOLDS EQUATION......Page 229 5.5 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION IN IDEALIZED JOURNAL AND PARTIAL ARC BEARINGS......Page 235 5.6 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION IN A REAL BEARING......Page 241 5.7 SUMMARY......Page 279 6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 282 6.2 HYDROSTATIC BEARING ANALYSIS......Page 283 6.3 GENERALIZED APPROACH TO HYDROSTATIC BEARING ANALYSIS......Page 291 6.4 OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROSTATIC BEARING DESIGN......Page 292 6.5 AEROSTATIC BEARINGS......Page 300 6.7 STABILITY OF HYDROSTATIC AND AEROSTATIC BEARINGS......Page 303 6.8 SUMMARY......Page 304 7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 306 7. 2 CONTACT STRESSES......Page 307 7.3 CONTACT BETWEEN TWO ELASTIC SPHERICAL OR SPHEROIDAL BODIES......Page 309 7.4 ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATING FILMS......Page 330 7.5 MICRO-ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION AND MIXED OR PARTIAL EHL......Page 347 7.6 SURFACE TEMPERATURE AT THE CONJUNCTION BETWEEN CONTACTING SOLIDS AND ITS EFFECT ON EHL......Page 352 7.7 TRACTION AND EHL......Page 368 7.8 SUMMARY......Page 377 8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 382 8.2 LOW TEMPERATURE - LOW LOAD LUBRICATION MECHANISMS......Page 384 8.3 LOW TEMPERATURE - HIGH LOAD LUBRICATION MECHANISMS......Page 385 8.4 HIGH TEMPERATURE - MEDIUM LOAD LUBRICATION MECHANISMS......Page 406 8.5 HIGH TEMPERATURE - HIGH LOAD LUBRICATION MECHANISMS......Page 413 8.7 SUMMARY......Page 429 9.2 LUBRICATION BY SOLIDS......Page 436 9.3 WEAR RESISTANT COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS......Page 451 9.4 SUMMARY......Page 467 10.2 SURFACES OF SOLIDS......Page 472 10.3 CONTACT BETWEEN SOLIDS......Page 486 10.4 FRICTION AND WEAR......Page 493 REFERENCES......Page 503 11.2 ABRASIVE WEAR......Page 508 11.3 EROSIVE WEAR......Page 534 11.4 CAVITATION WEAR......Page 549 11.5 SUMMARY......Page 551 12.2 MECHANISM OF ADHESION......Page 558 12.3 CONTROL OF THE ADHESIVE WEAR......Page 573 12.4 SUMMARY......Page 575 13.2 CORROSIVE WEAR......Page 578 13.3 OXIDATIVE WEAR......Page 585 13.4 SUMMARY......Page 592 14.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 596 14.2 FATIGUE WEAR DURING SLIDING......Page 597 14.3 FATIGUE WEAR DURING ROLLING......Page 604 14.5 SUMMARY......Page 614 15.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 618 15.2 FRETTING WEAR......Page 619 15.3 MELTING WEAR......Page 634 15.4 WEAR DUE TO ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES......Page 636 15.5 DIFFUSIVE WEAR......Page 637 15.6 IMPACT WEAR......Page 638 15.7 SUMMARY......Page 640 16.2 TRIBOLOGY OF POLYMERS......Page 644 16.3 TRIBOLOGY OF POLYMER COMPOSITES......Page 668 16.4 WEAR AND FRICTION OF CERAMICS......Page 673 16.5 SUMMARY......Page 688 Appendix......Page 694 A1 USER FRIENDLY INTERFACE......Page 695 A8 PROGRAM ‘STABILITY’......Page 0 Index......Page 748 "This book provides a valuable insight into an important yet obscure subject where there are few available guides. The reader is first introduced to the fundamental concept of tribology. This concept is then used to show how the various topics in tribology are interrelated to form one coherent subject. Illustrations are widely used throughout the book to assist readers in grasping the fundamental tribological concepts. Mechanisms of wear, friction and lubrication are comprehensively described in an accessible manner that is designed to be helpful to non-specialists. The control of wear is given extensive treatment with a thorough discussion of lubricant additives, solid lubricants and surface coatings. The effectiveness of coatings in suppressing specific forms of wear is described together with the methods of coating deposition. More than 1000 references are provided to give the reader access to more specialized information if required. The numerical analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication is supported by a number of computer programs, written in Matlab, which enable the readers to quantitatively analyze lubrication problems. A careful study of the book will not only enable the readers to understand what tribology is, but also to comprehend how it can be applied to solve problems of mechanical failure, reduce maintenance costs and lower the energy consumption."--BOOK JACKET. The field of tribology encompasses knowledge drawn from the disciplines of mechanical engineering, materials science, chemistry and physics. This book addresses the control of friction and wear; and places emphasis on describing various concepts for the benefit of non-specialists.