Epidemiological Research: An Introduction : an Introduction

Having last year published "Up from Clinical Epidemiology & EBM" and also "Epidemiological Research : Terms and Concepts, " Miettinen now - this time with collaboration from his junior colleague I. Karp - brings out this further introduction into epidemiological research; and he is now working on an introduction into clinical research, for publication next year. It evidently is Miettinen's felt time to crystallize the basic understandings he has come to as the culmination of a half-century of concentrated effort to advance the theory of epidemiological and 'meta-epidemiological clinical' research. In accord with its title, this book focuses on research to develop the knowledge-base for preventive medicine, which mainly is knowledge about the causal origin -etilogy, etiogenesis - of illness. It first illustrates how wanting this knowledge still is, despite much research; and it then aims to guide the reader to more productive etiogenetic research. This book places much emphasis on the need to assure relevance by principles-guided objects design for the studies, which now remains conspicuously absent from epidemiologists' concerns. And as for methods design, this book exposes the fallacies in the still-common 'cohort' and 'case-control' studies, defines the essentials of all etiogenetic studies, and then addresses the true options for design in this framework of shared essentials. A good deal of attention is also given to the still commonly-held, very major, twin fallacies that screening for an illness is a preventive intervention, to be studied by randomized trials, and that research on it can imply rational guidelines or recommendations regarding decisions about the screening. While Miettinen already is regarded as 'the father of modern epidemiology, ' he now appears to have become the father also of post-modern epidemiology, where 'epidemiology' still means epidemiological research. Albert HofmanErasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Having last year published "Up from Clinical Epidemiology & EBM" and also "Epidemiological Research: Terms and Concepts," Miettinen now - this time with collaboration from his junior colleague I. Karp - brings out this further introduction into epidemiological research; and he is now working on an introduction into clinical research, for publication next year. It evidently is Miettinen's felt time to crystallize the basic understandings he has come to as the culmination of a half-century of concentrated effort to advance the theory of epidemiological and 'meta-epidemiological clinical' research. In accord with its title, this book focuses on research to develop the knowledge-base for preventive medicine, which mainly is knowledge about the causal origin -etilogy, etiogenesis - of illness. It first illustrates how wanting this knowledge still is, despite much research; and it then aims to guide the reader to more productive etiogenetic research. This book places much emphasis on the need to assure relevance by principles-guided objects design for the studies, which now remains conspicuously absent from epidemiologists' concerns. And as for methods design, this book exposes the fallacies in the still-common 'cohort' and 'case-control' studies, defines the essentials of all etiogenetic studies, and then addresses the true options for design in this framework of shared essentials. A good deal of attention is also given to the still commonly-held, very major, twin fallacies that screening for an illness is a preventive intervention, to be studied by randomized trials, and that research on it can imply rational guidelines or recommendations regarding decisions about the screening. While Miettinen already is regarded as 'the father of modern epidemiology, ' he now appears to have become the father also of post-modern epidemiology, where 'epidemiology' still means epidemiological research. Albert Hofman Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Epidemiology: Grappling with the Concept....Pages 1-13 Epidemiological Knowledge: Examples....Pages 15-33 Etiology as a Pragmatic Concern....Pages 35-41 Etiology as the Object of Study....Pages 43-54 Etiologic Studies’ Essentials....Pages 55-61 Etiologic Studies’ Typology....Pages 63-71 Etiologic Studies’ Objects Design....Pages 73-85 Etiologic Studies’ Methods Design....Pages 87-95 Etiologic Studies’ Intervention Counterparts....Pages 97-105 Causal Studies’ Acausal Counterparts....Pages 107-111 Studies on Screening for a Cancer....Pages 113-122 Some Paradigmatic Studies....Pages 123-129 From Studies to Knowledge....Pages 131-145 Fact-finding in Epidemiological Practice....Pages 147-156 Back Matter....Pages 157-186 Presenting the insights of one of the leading participants in recent advances in the field, this innovative, ambitious book introduces epidemiological research, exploring important concepts and connecting the discipline to related fields such as statistics.