Essential Circuit Analysis Using Proteus®

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Areas of interest include, electrical and electronic aspects, applications, and needs of the following key areas: Preface 7 Contents 9 About the Author 13 1 Simulation of Electric Circuits with Proteus® 14 Abstract 14 1.1 Introduction 14 1.2 Example 1: Simple Resistive Voltage Divider 14 1.3 Example 2: Project Documentation and Reporting 46 1.4 Example 3: Addition of Text to Schematic 48 1.5 Example 4: Defining Variables 49 1.6 Example 5: Removing the Unused Components from the Component List 54 1.7 Example 6: Vsource Block 56 1.8 Example 7: Csource Block 57 1.9 Example 8: Vsine Block 58 1.10 Example 9: Exporting the Drawn Schematic as a Graphical File 63 1.11 Example 10: Measurement with Probes (I) 65 1.12 Example 11: Measurement with Probes (II) 69 1.13 Example 12: Measurement with Probes (III) 72 1.14 Example 13: Junction Dot Mode 75 1.15 Example 14: Excluding a Component from Simulation 78 1.16 Example 15: Potentiometer Block 81 1.17 Example 16: Measurement with AC Voltmeter/Ammeter (I) 86 1.18 Example 17: Measurement with AC Voltmeter/Ammeter (II) 97 1.19 Example 18: Wattmeter Block (I) 103 1.20 Example 19: Wattmeter Block (II) 117 1.21 Example 20: Measurement of Power Factor 121 1.22 Example 21: Power Factor Correction 126 1.23 Example 22: Measurement of Phase Difference 132 1.24 Example 23: Giving a Name to Oscilloscope Blocks 140 1.25 Example 24: Isine Block 143 1.26 Example 25: Grounded Current Sources 147 1.27 Example 26: Thevenin Equivalent Circuit 150 1.28 Example 27: Making Connections Without Using the Wire (I) 154 1.29 Example 28: Making Connections Without Using the Wire (II) 160 1.30 Example 29: Current Controlled Voltage Source Block 163 1.31 Example 30: Current Sensor 165 1.32 Example 31: Voltage Controlled Current Source Block 168 1.33 Example 32: Three-Phase Voltage Source Block 171 1.34 Example 33: Voltage Difference Measurement (I) 174 1.35 Example 34: Voltage Difference Measurement (II) 175 1.36 Example 35: Transient Analysis (I) 178 1.37 Example 36: Transient Analysis (II) 193 1.38 Example 37: Transient Analysis (III) 195 1.39 Example 38: Transient Analysis (IV) 199 1.40 Example 39: Transient Analysis (V) 206 1.41 Example 40: Increasing the Accuracy of Transient Analysis Graph 207 1.42 Example 41: Copying the Waveform Graph into the Clipboard Memory 209 1.43 Example 42: Exporting the Waveforms into MATLAB® 210 1.44 Example 43: Multiplier Block 213 1.45 Example 44: Gain Block 218 1.46 Example 45: Coupled Inductors (I) 219 1.47 Example 46: Coupled Inductors (II) 227 1.48 Example 47: Single-Phase Transformer 236 1.49 Example 48: Single-Phase Transformer with Two Outputs 240 1.50 Example 49: Center Tap Transformer 245 1.51 Example 50: Three-Phase Transformer 250 1.52 Example 51: Impulse Response of a RLC Circuit (I) 255 1.53 Example 52: Impulse Response of an RLC Circuit (II) 262 1.54 Example 53: Step Response of a RC Circuit 267 1.55 Example 54: Pulse Response of a RC Circuit 272 1.56 Example 55: Frequency Response of Electric Circuits (I) 274 1.57 Example 56: Frequency Response of Electric Circuits (II) 287 1.58 Example 57: Input Impedance of Electric Circuits (I) 293 1.59 Example 58: Input Impedance of Electric Circuits (II) 304 1.60 Example 59: Input Impedance of Electric Circuits (III) 307 1.61 Example 60: AC Sweep Analysis 318 1.62 Example 61: Samples Simulations 324 1.63 Exercises 327 References for Further Study 330 2 Simulation of Electronic Circuits with Proteus® 331 Abstract 331 2.1 Introduction 331 2.2 Example 1: DC Sweep Analysis 331 2.3 Example 2: Diode IV Characteristic 342 2.4 Example 3: DC Transfer Curve Analysis 347 2.5 Example 4: Small Signal Resistance of Diode 355 2.6 Example 5: Doing the Simulation at a Specific Temperature 361 2.7 Example 6: LED and Push Button Blocks 363 2.8 Example 7: Different Kinds of Mechanical Switches 368 2.9 Example 8: Turning on and off a Lamp 369 2.10 Example 9: Turning on and off a Lamp from Two Different Points 371 2.11 Example 10: Measurement of Output Voltage Ripple for Half Wave Diode Rectifier 372 2.12 Example 11: Input Current of Half Wave Rectifier 375 2.13 Example 12: Full Wave Rectifier 377 2.14 Example 13: Measurement of Average Value of Output Voltage for Full Wave Rectifier 381 2.15 Example 14: Current Passed from Rectifier Diodes 385 2.16 Example 15: Bridge Block 390 2.17 Example 16: Fourier Analysis of Output Voltage of Full Wave Rectifier 391 2.18 Example 17: Harmonic Content of a Triangular Waveform 398 2.19 Example 18: Voltage Regulator (I) 408 2.20 Example 19: Voltage Regulator (II) 411 2.21 Example 20: Voltage Regulator (III) 413 2.22 Example 21: Common Emitter Amplifier 415 2.23 Example 22: Signal Generator Block 426 2.24 Example 23: Input Impedance of Common Emitter Amplifier 429 2.25 Example 24: Frequency Response of Input Impedance of Common Emitter Amplifier 431 2.26 Example 25: Output Impedance of Common Emitter Amplifier 436 2.27 Example 26: Frequency Response of Output Impedance of Common Emitter Amplifier 438 2.28 Example 27: Frequency Response of Amplifier 442 2.29 Example 28: Modeling Custom Semiconductor Devices 450 2.30 Example 29: Bill of Material 455 2.31 Example 30: Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) of Difference Amplifier 458 2.32 Example 31: CMRR of Differential Pair 475 2.33 Example 32: Measurement of Differential Mode Input Impedance of Differential Pair 487 2.34 Example 33: Astable Oscillator with 555 493 2.35 Example 34: Colpitts Oscillator 496 2.36 Example 35: Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of Colpitts Oscillator 499 2.37 Example 36: Wien Bridge Oscillator 501 2.38 Example 37: Optocoupler Block 505 2.39 Example 38: Relay Block 508 2.40 Example 39: Simulation of Control Systems 513 2.41 Exercises 520 References for Further Study 522 3 Simulation of Digital Circuits with Proteus® 523 Abstract 523 3.1 Introduction 523 3.2 Example 1: Full Adder Circuit 523 3.3 Example 2: Logic Probe Block 530 3.4 Example 3: Decade Counter 532 3.5 Example 4: Dclock Block 535 3.6 Example 5: Frequency Divider Circuit 537 3.7 Example 6: Frequency Meter Block 540 3.8 Example 7: Two-Bit Binary Counter 542 3.9 Example 8: Generating of Desired Digital Pulses 544 3.10 Example 9: Digital Graph 547 3.11 Example 10: Boolean Block 555 3.12 Example 11: Bus 559 3.13 Example 12: Simulation of Circuits Contains a Microcontroller 565 3.14 Exercises 572 References for Further Study 574 4 Simulation of Power Electronics Circuits with Proteus® 575 Abstract 575 4.1 Introduction 575 4.2 Example 1: Buck Converter Circuit 575 4.3 Example 2: Operating Mode of Converter 581 4.4 Example 3: Efficiency of the Converter 585 4.5 Example 4: Dimmer Circuit 589 4.6 Example 5: Single-Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier 593 4.7 Example 6: Single-Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier 598 4.8 Example 7: Three-Phase Controlled Rectifier (I) 602 4.9 Example 8: Three-Phase Controlled Rectifier (II) 618 4.10 Example 9: Three-Phase Controlled Rectifier (III) 624 4.11 Example 10: Three-Phase Controlled Rectifier (IV) 630 4.12 Example 11: Harmonic Content of Output Voltage of a Rectifier 633 4.13 Example 12: Single-Phase Inverter 638 4.14 Example 13: Three-Phase Inverter 654 4.15 Exercises 666 References for Further Study 671 Index 672 This textbook provides a compact but comprehensive treatment that guides students through the analysis of circuits, using Proteus®. The book focuses on solving problems using updated market-standard software, corresponding to all key concepts covered in the classroom. The author uses his extensive classroom experience to guide students toward a deeper understanding of key concepts while they gain facility with the software they will need to master for later studies and practical use in their engineering careers. The book includes detailed exercises and examples that provide better grasping to students. This book will be ideal as a hands-on source for courses in computer-aided circuit simulation, circuits, electronics, digital logic, and power electronics. Though written primarily for undergraduate and graduate students, the text will also be useful to Ph.D. scholars and practitioners in engineering who are working on Proteus.