Expertise at Work : Current and Emerging Trends

"True organizational value lies in the expertise that resides in the skills, experience, and behaviors of employees. Yet, not enough has been known about how to identify, develop and measure employee expertise... Until now. This comprehensive review brings together leading researchers and practitioners from around the world, offering new insights, perspectives, and advice on how to make the best of the expertise that resides across a range of organizational settings." --Dr. David McGuire, Reader in Human Resource Development, Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland Expertise, which combines knowledge, years of experience in one domain, problem-solving skills, and behavioral traits, is a valuable resource for organizations. To understand the diverse picture of expertise in the workplace, this book offers scholars and scholar-practitioners a comprehensive assessment of the development of human expertise in organizations. Using contemporary perspectives across a broad range of domains, contributors offer readers various professional perspectives including veterans, education, sports, and information technology. The book also describes how researchers and practitioners can address practical problems related to the development, redevelopment, and sustainability of expertise. Finally, the book puts specific emphasis on the emerging trends in the study and practice of expertise in organizations, including the use of artificial intelligence. Marie-Line Germain is an award-winning Professor of Human Resources and Leadership at Western Carolina University, USA. Her research and publications focus on employee expertise, mental health in the workplace, and dysfunctional leadership behaviors. She is a Fulbright grant recipient and has extensive experience as a human resource consultant. Robin S. Grenier is Associate Professor of Adult Learning in the Neag School of Education at the University of Connecticut, USA. Her research focuses on informal and experiential learning, expertise redevelopment, and qualitative inquiry. She works with cultural institutions in the US and abroad to develop public outreach, adult audience programming, and staff training Acknowledgments Contents Notes on Contributors List of Tables 1: An Introduction to Expertise at Work: Current and Emerging Trends Overview of the Content References Part I: Expertise: Definitions and Concepts 2: The Changing Concepts of Expertise and Expertise Development Defining Expertise Psychological Perspective of Expertise Sociological Perspectives of Expertise Expertise in the Workplace Expertise Development Through Skill Acquisition Adaptation and Flexibility Emerging Ideas of Expertise Development Conclusion References 3: Routine Expertise, Adaptive Expertise, and Task and Environmental Influences What Is Adaptive Expertise? Stimulating the Development of Adaptive Expertise Developing Adaptive Expertise in Organizations References 4: Identifying and Measuring Expertise in Organizations Expertise Measurement Considerations for Organizations References Part II: Expertise in Organizational Settings 5: Veteran Experts: Transitioning Military Expertise into Civilian Work Expertise in the Military Soft Skills Expertise Technical Skills Expertise Veterans’ Expertise Redevelopment Environment Constituents Content Redevelopment of Expertise for Successful Career Transition A Case Study of Service Member Expertise Redevelopment Valuing Military Veterans’ Expertise for Civilian Employment The Veteran’s Role The Organization’s Role Soft Skills Expertise Conclusion References 6: Expertise in Sports: What Is the Secret Behind World-Class Athletic Success? The Case for Developing a Cycling Prodigy Athletic Talent Self-Regulation Physical and Technical Demands of Cycling The Psychological Demands of Cycling Affect Anxiety Mood Pain and Fatigue Conclusion References 7: An Assemblage of Knowledge: Novices, Experts, and Expertise in Universities Universities as Sites of Expertise Expertise in Universities Experts and Novices in Universities Universities as Assemblages of Knowledge Conclusion References Part III: Emerging Concepts of Expertise in Organizations 8: A Brief History of the Relationship Between Expertise and Artificial Intelligence History, Current Status, and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence Early Days (1956–1974) First AI Winter (1974–1980) Expert Systems (1980–1987) Second AI Winter (1987–1993) Multi-agent Systems and the Semantic Web (1993–2011) Big Data and Deep Learning (2011–Present) Hybrid AI (The Future Paradigm of AI) History of Expertise Studies Empirical Research on Joint Cognitive Systems Case Study: Radiology Conclusion References 9: The Impact of Changing Workforce Demographics and Dependency on Technology on Employers’ Need for Expert Skills New Demands for Employee Skills in Profit Versus Nonprofit Organizations 1990 to 2025: A Changing Definition of Expertise Artificial Intelligence and Employee Expertise Knowledge Experience Problem-Solving Behaviors References 10: Preparing for the Future of Work and the Development of Expertise Catalyst for Rapid Expertise Development Organizational Response for Rapid Expertise Development Challenges to the Future of Work Envisioning the Future: The Workplace Transformed Expertise on a Manufacturing Floor A Way Forward Adaptive Learning Upskilling and Re-skilling Adoption and Acceptance of Technology Conclusion References 11: Conclusion References Index