Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Thieme proudly announces the eagerly anticipated second edition of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Highlighted by more than 1,800 crystal-clear illustrations and nearly 1,300 pages of text, this encyclopedic book has long been considered the definitive reference in facial plastics and aesthetic facial surgery. It is ideal for residents and fellows studying for in-service examinations, boards, and fellowship programs-and a valued clinical reference for professionals. The only book today to offer a comprehensive, single-volume overview of the field, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery encompasses both cosmetic and reconstructive techniques. You will find chapters on important topics such as blepharoplasty and facial reconstruction, plus the key scientific background and clinical data you need. The book is clearly organized and practical, with each chapter written by leading specialists who share their hands-on knowledge and clinical expertise. Whether used as a study guide or authoritative everyday reference, this book will be a treasured text for all facial plastic surgeons, oral surgeons, otolaryngologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, residents, fellows and students. Special features of this encyclopedic text: В· Encyclopedic, single-volume coverage of all new techniques in facial plastics and aesthetic facial surgery В· Clear, easily accessible format, making it ideal for board review and exam preparation В· Written by renowned experts В· New sections on endoscopic facial surgery, microvascular facial reconstruction, laser resurfacing, minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures, and much more! В· Over 1,800 high-quality illustrations, more than one per page! Cover......Page 1 Section II: Aesthetic Facial Surgery......Page 6 Section IV: Reconstructive Surgery of the Face and Neck......Page 7 Section VI: Congenital and Pediatric Facial Plastic Surgery......Page 8 Contributors......Page 10 Foreword......Page 16 Preface......Page 18 Acknowledgments......Page 19 Section I: Principles of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery......Page 20 THE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF SKIN......Page 22 The Epidermis......Page 24 The Dermis......Page 27 The Vascular Network......Page 28 Pilosebaceous Unit......Page 29 SUMMARY......Page 31 REFERENCES......Page 32 WOUND HEALING PHASES......Page 34 Wound Closure Techniques......Page 39 Acquired Alterations......Page 40 FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS......Page 42 REFERENCES......Page 43 Soft Tissue Instrument Set......Page 45 Planning of Excisions and Incisions......Page 46 Execution of Incisions......Page 49 Closure of Excisions......Page 50 Bilateral Advancement Flap......Page 52 Interposition Flaps......Page 53 Z-plasty......Page 54 W-plasty and the Geometric Broken Line Closure......Page 55 SUMMARY......Page 56 Split-Thickness Skin Grafts......Page 57 Dermal Grafts......Page 58 Surgical Technique......Page 59 Flap Design......Page 60 Surgical Planning for Wound Closure......Page 62 Advancement Flaps......Page 64 Rotation Flaps......Page 65 Transposition Flaps......Page 67 SUMMARY......Page 71 REFERENCES......Page 72 Scar Repositioning......Page 74 Z-plasty......Page 76 W-plasty......Page 77 DERMABRASION AND LASER SKIN RESURFACING......Page 78 SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 79 THE IDEAL IMPLANT......Page 80 CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 81 Titanium......Page 82 Polymethylmethacrylate......Page 83 Organosilicone Polymers......Page 84 Polyethylenes......Page 85 Polytetrafluoroethylenes......Page 86 Tissue Adhesives......Page 87 SUMMARY......Page 88 REFERENCES......Page 89 Classification and Early Controversy......Page 92 Classification, Type, and Structure......Page 93 Primary Uses of Bone Grafts......Page 94 FREE AUTOLOGOUS FAT......Page 95 A LOOK AHEAD......Page 96 REFERENCES......Page 97 LASER BIOPHYSICS......Page 98 LASER–TISSUE INTERACTION......Page 99 CO2 Laser......Page 100 Contact-Tip Nd:YAG Laser......Page 101 Alexandrite Laser......Page 102 Vascular Lesions......Page 103 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia......Page 105 Pigmented Lesions......Page 106 Hair Removal......Page 108 Rhinophyma......Page 109 Photodynamic Therapy......Page 111 FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS......Page 112 REFERENCES......Page 113 HISTORY OF BEAUTY IN ART......Page 115 CONSIDERATIONS IN FACIAL ANALYSIS......Page 116 Sex......Page 117 Hair......Page 118 Reference Points......Page 119 AESTHETIC ASSESSMENT......Page 120 Eyes......Page 121 Nose......Page 122 Chin......Page 124 AESTHETIC ANALYSIS OF THE FACE......Page 125 GLOSSARY......Page 127 REFERENCES......Page 128 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS......Page 129 RHINOPLASTY AND MENTOPLASTY......Page 130 RHYTIDECTOMY......Page 131 DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER IMAGING......Page 133 REFERENCES......Page 134 Camera......Page 135 Lighting......Page 136 Film......Page 137 Standardization......Page 138 Camera......Page 141 35mm versus Digital Photography: Advantages and Disadvantages......Page 142 REFERENCES......Page 143 SIMPLE ETHICAL QUESTIONS......Page 144 A MODERN FABLE......Page 145 PHYSICIAN QUALIFICATIONS: WHO SHOULD BE PERFORMING PLASTIC SURGERY?......Page 146 HEALTH CARE DECISION MAKING: WHO SHOULD DO?......Page 147 With Patients......Page 148 With The Business Community: The Surgeon as Businessperson......Page 149 TEACHING AND TRAINING: “PRACTICING MEDICINE”......Page 150 REFERENCES......Page 151 Section II: Aesthetic Facial Surgery......Page 152 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES......Page 154 MODERN CONCEPTS......Page 155 SKIN TYPES......Page 156 Forehead......Page 158 Cheek......Page 159 Perioral Region and Chin......Page 160 Neck......Page 161 FACIAL ANALYSIS AND THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENT......Page 162 REFERENCES......Page 163 LOCAL ANESTHETICS......Page 164 Thiopental......Page 165 NARCOTICS......Page 166 ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUES......Page 167 THE BIG MAC......Page 168 MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION......Page 169 ANESTHETIC COSTS......Page 170 REFERENCES......Page 171 HISTORY......Page 172 CONSULTATION ANALYSIS AND PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF THE RHYTIDECTOMY PATIENT......Page 173 ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND TYPE OF FACELIFT PERFORMED......Page 175 THE FACELIFT PROCEDURE......Page 177 TREATMENT OF THE SUBMENTUM, JOWL, AND NECK......Page 178 SKIN ELEVATION AND UNDERMINING......Page 179 SKIN FLAP ADVANCEMENT......Page 182 TUCK-UPS AND SECONDARY RHYTIDECTOMY......Page 183 Hematoma......Page 186 Nerve Damage......Page 187 Parotid Injury......Page 188 REFERENCES......Page 189 Fascia......Page 190 AESTHETICS OF THE ORBITAL COMPLEX......Page 191 Preoperative Assessment......Page 192 Surgical Technique (Forehead and Brow)......Page 194 OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE ENDOSCOPIC MIDFACE LIFT......Page 197 COMPLICATIONS......Page 200 CONCLUSION......Page 201 REFERENCES......Page 203 MEDICAL HISTORY......Page 204 PREPARATION FOR SURGERY......Page 205 Planning Incisions......Page 206 Initial Incision and Muscle Excision......Page 207 Fat Removal......Page 209 UPPER LID BLEPHAROPLASTY IN MEN......Page 211 POSTOPERATIVE CARE......Page 212 SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 214 Musculature......Page 215 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION......Page 216 Assessment of Fat Pockets......Page 217 Transconjunctival Approach......Page 218 Skin–Muscle Flap Approach......Page 221 Skin Flap Approach......Page 222 Blindness......Page 223 Skin Discoloration......Page 224 REFERENCES......Page 225 GENERAL PRINCIPLES......Page 227 PATIENT EVALUATION......Page 228 METHODOLOGIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 230 INSTRUMENTATION......Page 231 PREOPERATIVE MARKING......Page 232 Liposuction as a Primary Procedure......Page 233 Liposuction as an Adjunctive Procedure......Page 237 COMPLICATIONS......Page 239 REFERENCES......Page 240 Patient Selection and Indications......Page 242 Instrumentation......Page 244 Complications......Page 245 Indications and Patient Selection......Page 246 Superficial Chemical Peeling......Page 247 Medium-Depth Chemical Peeling......Page 250 Deep Chemical Peeling......Page 253 Complications......Page 257 REFERENCES......Page 258 LASER BIOPHYSICS......Page 260 PREOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE......Page 262 POSTOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE......Page 263 REFERENCES......Page 265 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 266 Materials Derived from Autologous Human Tissue......Page 267 Materials Derived from Homologous Human Tissue......Page 270 Materials Derived from Nonhuman Sources......Page 271 SYNTHETICALLY DERIVED FILLER MATERIALS......Page 272 Physiologically Active Agents......Page 276 REFERENCES......Page 277 23. Botulinum Exotoxin A (Botox) for Facial Wrinkles......Page 281 TECHNIQUE......Page 282 Glabellar Injections......Page 283 Nasal Flare......Page 284 COMPLICATIONS......Page 285 REFERENCES......Page 286 ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER JAW......Page 288 IMPLANT SELECTION......Page 289 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE......Page 290 POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS......Page 292 REFERENCES......Page 294 The Ideal Implant......Page 295 Implant Biomaterials......Page 296 PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC FACTORS IN AGING......Page 297 Surgical Considerations in Nasal Augmentation......Page 298 Surgical Considerations in Midfacial Enhancement......Page 299 Evaluation of Mandibular Contour Defects......Page 301 Midfacial Contour Defects......Page 302 PROCEDURE......Page 303 Surgical Technique for Mandibular Augmentation......Page 306 Surgical Techniques for Malar and Midface Contouring......Page 312 COMPLICATIONS......Page 314 REFERENCES......Page 316 26. Hair Replacement Techniques......Page 318 Classification of Hair Quality......Page 319 Expected Future Hair Loss......Page 320 INCISIONAL-SLIT GRAFTING......Page 321 Recipient Site Creation......Page 322 Discussion......Page 323 SCALP REDUCTIONS......Page 324 Syncope......Page 325 POOR RESULTS......Page 326 REFERENCES......Page 327 ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY......Page 328 OTOPLASTY TECHNIQUES......Page 330 Conchal Setback......Page 331 Suture Techniques......Page 333 Early Complications......Page 334 SUMMARY......Page 339 REFERENCES......Page 340 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 341 NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 342 Anatomical Considerations......Page 343 Preoperative Considerations......Page 344 Anesthesia......Page 345 Operative Procedure......Page 346 Postoperative Course......Page 347 Determining the Approach to the Epicanthal Fold......Page 348 LOWER LID BLEPHAROPLASTY......Page 352 Operative Technique......Page 353 AUGMENTATION RHINOPLASTY......Page 354 Implant Configuration......Page 355 Complications......Page 356 Anatomic Considerations......Page 358 Surgical Technique for Direct Subperiosteal Dissection of the Midface......Page 359 Segmental Operations for Correction of Cheek and Temple Ptosis......Page 360 Complications Following Facial Rejuvenation Surgery......Page 361 REFERENCES......Page 362 LIP EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY......Page 363 AGING PROCESS......Page 364 TREATMENT OF THE LIP CUTANEOUS SKIN AND VERMILION......Page 365 Augmentation......Page 366 Lip Advancement or Vermilion Advancement......Page 369 POSTOPERATIVE RECOVERY......Page 370 REFERENCES......Page 371 UNDERSTANDING COLOR......Page 372 REFERENCES......Page 377 Section III: Functional and Aesthetic Surgery of the Nose......Page 378 NASAL SKIN......Page 380 FRONTAL VIEW......Page 381 PROFILE VIEW......Page 383 NASAL–CHIN RELATIONSHIP......Page 385 PHOTOGRAPHY......Page 386 REFERENCES......Page 387 32. Philosophy and Principles of Rhinoplasty......Page 388 PHOTOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTER IMAGING......Page 395 PRINCIPLES IN SHAPING THE NASAL TIP......Page 396 External Rhinoplasty Approach......Page 398 Tip Projection......Page 400 Tip Rotation......Page 401 Profile Alignment......Page 404 Narrowing the Bony Pyramid......Page 405 POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS......Page 406 REFERENCES......Page 407 SCAR ANALYSIS......Page 409 Septoplasty......Page 410 Related Septal Conditions......Page 411 Nasal Base......Page 412 Dorsum......Page 413 POSTOPERATIVE CARE......Page 415 RESULTS......Page 416 Advantages......Page 417 Disadvantages......Page 418 REFERENCES......Page 419 Hump Reduction......Page 421 Osteotomies......Page 422 POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT......Page 423 Wide Nose......Page 424 REFERENCES......Page 425 SIGNIFICANCE OF MIDDLE VAULT ANATOMY IN RHINOPLASTY......Page 426 CORRECTION OF MIDDLE-VAULT PATHOLOGY......Page 428 PATIENT EXAMPLE......Page 430 REFERENCES......Page 432 ANALYSES......Page 433 The Nondelivery Approach......Page 437 The Delivery Approach (Bipedicle Chondrocutaneous Flap)......Page 438 The Delivery Approach (Lateral Crus Delivery)......Page 439 TECHNIQUES IN INTRANASAL TIP SURGERY (TABLE 36–1)......Page 440 PITFALLS......Page 442 SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 447 PREOPERATIVE ANALYSIS......Page 448 Goldman Technique......Page 449 Simons Modification......Page 450 Hockey-Stick Modification......Page 454 ADJUNCTIVE TECHNIQUES......Page 455 SUMMARY......Page 457 38. Secondary Rhinoplasty......Page 458 GUIDELINES IN SECONDARY RHINOPLASTY......Page 459 PREOPERATIVE ANALYSIS AND PLANNING......Page 464 Clinical Case 1 (Fig. 38–8)......Page 465 Clinical Case 2 (Fig. 38–10)......Page 467 Clinical Case 3 (Fig. 38–12)......Page 469 REFERENCES......Page 470 General Considerations......Page 471 Specific Complications in the Nasal Tip......Page 472 Specific Complications of the Nasal Vault......Page 476 Specific Complications......Page 477 REFERENCES......Page 478 40. Reconstructive Surgery of the Nasal Septum......Page 480 PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT......Page 481 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE......Page 483 Transverse Anterior Septum......Page 484 Large Posterior Septal Spur......Page 485 Upper Lateral Cartilage Surgery......Page 486 RECONSTRUCTION......Page 488 Intraoperative Complications......Page 489 REFERENCES......Page 490 PRESENTATION......Page 492 Iatrogenic Causes......Page 493 Disease Processes......Page 494 GRAFT SELECTION......Page 495 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE......Page 496 POSTOPERATIVE CARE......Page 499 REFERENCES......Page 500 Section IV: Reconstructive Surgery of the Face and Neck......Page 502 Epidemiologic and Etiologic Factors......Page 504 Clinical Characteristics and Precursors......Page 505 Biologic Behavior and Risk Factors......Page 506 Clinical Characteristics and Precursors......Page 507 TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR SCC AND BCC......Page 510 Clinical Characteristics......Page 512 Biopsy Techniques......Page 514 Prognosis and Staging......Page 515 Treatment......Page 516 Atypical Fibroxanthoma......Page 520 Extramammary Paget’s Disease......Page 521 Merkel Cell Carcinoma......Page 522 Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma......Page 523 REFERENCES......Page 524 PLANNING GUIDELINES AND FACIAL SUBUNITS......Page 531 Introduction and History of Second-Intention Healing......Page 532 Factors in Considering Second-Intention Healing......Page 533 First- versus Second-Intention Healing......Page 536 Wound Preparation and Care for Second-Intention Healing......Page 537 Complications of Second-Intention Healing......Page 539 Split-Thickness Skin Grafts......Page 541 Full-Thickness Skin Grafts......Page 543 WOUND CARE......Page 544 REFERENCES......Page 546 Skin Lines......Page 547 FLAP NOMENCLATURE......Page 548 DEFECT ANALYSIS......Page 549 SECOND-INTENTION HEALING......Page 550 ADVANCEMENT FLAP......Page 552 “O-T” FLAP......Page 554 O-Z FLAP......Page 555 NOTE FLAP......Page 556 RHOMBIC FLAP......Page 557 BILOBE FLAP......Page 558 FOREHEAD FLAP......Page 559 MELOLABIAL FLAP......Page 561 COMPLICATIONS:......Page 564 Congestion......Page 565 REFERENCES......Page 566 LONG-TERM TISSUE EXPANSION......Page 568 RAPID INTRAOPERATIVE EXPANSION......Page 569 INDICATIONS FOR TISSUE EXPANSION......Page 570 Conventional Tissue Expansion......Page 572 Rapid Intraoperative Expansion......Page 574 COMPLICATIONS......Page 575 SUMMARY......Page 576 REFERENCES......Page 577 Surgical Technique......Page 579 TRAPEZIUS MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAP......Page 580 Surgical Technique......Page 581 Surgical Technique......Page 582 LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAP......Page 583 CONCLUSION......Page 584 REFERENCES......Page 585 Surgical Technique......Page 586 Flap Monitoring......Page 587 Fascial and Fasciocutaneous Flaps......Page 588 Myocutaneous and Enteric Flaps......Page 593 Bone Flaps......Page 597 Soft Tissue and Oral Defects......Page 600 Skull Base......Page 603 Mandibular Reconstruction......Page 604 CONCLUSION......Page 605 REFERENCES......Page 607 Alloplasts......Page 610 Bone Grafts......Page 611 PEDICLED OSTEOMYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS......Page 612 Fibula......Page 613 Scapula......Page 614 Iliac Crest......Page 615 DENTAL REHABILITATION......Page 616 REFERENCES......Page 617 FACIAL AESTHETIC REGIONS......Page 620 LINING FLAPS......Page 621 FRAMEWORK......Page 623 COVERING FLAPS......Page 625 PARAMEDIAN FOREHEAD FLAP......Page 626 LOCAL FLAPS AND SKIN GRAFTS......Page 629 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ALA......Page 630 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NASAL DORSUM......Page 631 SUMMARY......Page 632 REFERENCES......Page 633 CENTRAL AURICULAR DEFECTS INVOLVING THE CONCHAL BOWL AND HELICAL ROOT......Page 634 PERIPHERAL DEFECTS INVOLVING THE UPPER THIRD OF THE EAR......Page 637 PERIPHERAL DEFECTS INVOLVING THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE EAR......Page 638 PERIPHERAL DEFECTS INVOLVING THE LOWER THIRD OF THE EAR......Page 641 DEFECTS INVOLVING PERIAURICULAR TISSUES......Page 644 LARGE DEFECTS INVOLVING BOTH THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PORTIONS OF THE EAR......Page 645 SUMMARY......Page 652 ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 653 Minor Reconstruction......Page 654 Major Reconstruction......Page 656 Subtotal/Total Lip Reconstruction......Page 658 REFERENCES......Page 664 ANTERIOR LAMELLAR DEFECTS......Page 665 FULL-THICKNESS DEFECTS......Page 669 MEDIAL CANTHAL DEFECTS......Page 671 EYELID RETRACTORS......Page 674 ANOPHTHALMIC DEFECTS......Page 675 REFERENCES......Page 677 53. Management and Reanimation of the Paralyzed Face......Page 679 Maximum Stimulation Test......Page 681 Protection of the Eye......Page 682 Corrective Makeup Techniques......Page 683 Eye......Page 684 Neural Procedures......Page 685 Dynamic Reanimation......Page 692 Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer......Page 695 Adjunctive Procedures......Page 699 SUMMARY......Page 701 REFERENCES......Page 702 Section V: Trauma......Page 706 TIMING OF REPAIR AND ANESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 708 Animal and Human Bites......Page 709 Injuries of the Cheek......Page 711 Midfacial Soft Tissue Injuries......Page 713 REFERENCES......Page 715 BONE STRUCTURE......Page 716 BIOMECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 717 FRACTURE HEALING......Page 718 CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN FRACTURE HEALING......Page 720 FIXATION TECHNOLOGY......Page 721 SUMMARY......Page 723 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF RIGID INTERNAL FIXATION FOR THE CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL SKELETON......Page 725 Mandible......Page 726 Screws......Page 727 Plates......Page 729 Ancillary Equipment......Page 733 Luhr Vitallium Maxillofacial Systems......Page 734 Titanium Hollow-Screw Reconstruction Plate System (THORP)......Page 735 Resorbable Plates and Screws......Page 736 REFERENCES......Page 737 57. Clinical Applications of Bone Plating Systems to Facial Fractures......Page 739 Biomechanics......Page 740 Subcondylar Fractures......Page 747 Severe Comminution, Bone Loss, and Atrophic Mandibles......Page 748 Biomechanics......Page 749 Le Fort III......Page 750 Naso-orbital Ethmoid Fractures......Page 751 Exposure for Fracture Fixation......Page 753 Lag Screw Function and Application......Page 754 REFERENCES......Page 755 58. Treatment of Orbitozygomatic Fractures......Page 757 Orbit......Page 758 Globe Position......Page 759 Restoration of the External Arcs of Contour......Page 760 Reconstruction of the Orbital Floor......Page 764 REFERENCES......Page 765 Embryology/Anatomy......Page 766 Pathophysiology......Page 767 Nasofrontal Recess Fractures (Fig. 59–4)......Page 768 Anterior Table Fractures (Fig. 59–4)......Page 769 Posterior Table Fractures (Fig. 59–4)......Page 771 Anatomy......Page 773 Fracture Classification......Page 774 Treatment......Page 775 REFERENCES......Page 777 CLASSIFICATION AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY......Page 778 NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION......Page 780 Timing......Page 781 Fixation......Page 782 Le Fort III Fracture......Page 783 Panfacial Fractures......Page 784 COMPLICATIONS......Page 785 REFERENCES......Page 786 ANATOMY......Page 788 DIAGNOSIS......Page 789 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES......Page 790 Rigid Fixation......Page 791 COMPRESSION......Page 792 SOFT TISSUE APPROACHES TO THE MANDIBLE......Page 793 Symphysis......Page 795 Body......Page 796 Condylar and Subcondylar Fractures......Page 797 Comminuted Fractures......Page 798 Complications of Mandibular Fractures......Page 799 REFERENCES......Page 800 Section VI: Congenital and Pediatric Facial Plastic Surgery......Page 802 DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACE......Page 804 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TONGUE......Page 806 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PALATE......Page 809 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAR......Page 810 FORMATION OF THE CORNEA AND EYELIDS......Page 811 REFERENCES......Page 812 BIODEGRADABLE PLATES AND SCREWS......Page 814 INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT......Page 815 AGE......Page 816 TECHNIQUES......Page 817 OUTCOME......Page 818 CONCLUSION......Page 819 REFERENCES......Page 820 PHILOSOPHY OF RECONSTRUCTION......Page 822 GRADE I: DYSMORPHIC AURICLES......Page 823 GRADE III: CLASSICAL MICROTIA......Page 825 OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE......Page 827 THE OLDER PATIENT AND TRAUMATIC AVULSIONS......Page 829 SUMMARY......Page 830 REFERENCES......Page 831 CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFTS......Page 832 Anatomy......Page 837 Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair......Page 838 Operative Technique: Rotation–Advancement Repair......Page 839 Surgical Repair of the Bilateral Cleft Lip......Page 841 von Langenbeck’s Palatoplasty......Page 843 Furlow’s Palatoplasty......Page 844 Preferred Techniques of Palatoplasty......Page 847 REFERENCES......Page 848 Theory......Page 849 Characteristics of the Cleft Nasal Deformity......Page 850 Primary......Page 852 Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity......Page 854 Bilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity......Page 859 CONCLUSION......Page 860 REFERENCES......Page 861 DENTAL ANALYSIS......Page 863 SKELETAL ANALYSIS......Page 865 SOFT TISSUE ANALYSIS......Page 869 TREATMENT PHILOSOPHY......Page 871 Preoperative Orthodontic Treatment......Page 872 Preoperative Workup and Model Surgery......Page 873 SUMMARY......Page 880 REFERENCES......Page 882 CLASSIFICATION BY MANDIBULAR INVOLVEMENT......Page 884 NORMAL MANDIBULAR GROWTH......Page 886 Phase II: Mandibular Surgery......Page 887 Phase III: Closure of Open Bite on the Affected Side......Page 888 ADDITIONAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES......Page 889 REFERENCES......Page 890 VELOPHARYNGEAL ANATOMY AND FUNCTION......Page 892 CAUSES OF VELOPHARYNGEAL DYSFUNCTION......Page 893 Velocardiofacial Syndrome......Page 895 Nasopharyngoscopy......Page 896 NONSURGICAL TREATMENT......Page 897 Pharyngoplasty......Page 898 Posterior Pharyngeal Flaps......Page 899 Augmentation of the Posterior Pharyngeal Wall......Page 901 ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 902 REFERENCES......Page 904 A......Page 908 B......Page 909 C......Page 910 D......Page 912 E......Page 913 F......Page 914 H......Page 915 J......Page 916 L......Page 917 M......Page 918 N......Page 920 O......Page 921 P......Page 922 R......Page 923 S......Page 925 T......Page 927 W......Page 928 Z......Page 929 Thieme proudly announces the long awaited second edition of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Highlighted by more than 1,800 crystal-clear illustrations and nearly 1,300 pages of text, the book has long been considered the definitive reference in facial plastics and aesthetic facial surgery. It is ideal for residents and fellows studying for in-service examinations, boards, and fellowship programs-and a valued clinical reference for professionals.
The only book today to offer a comprehensive, single-volume overview of the field, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery encompasses both cosmetic and reconstructive techniques. You will find chapters on important topics such as blepharoplasty and facial reconstruction, plus the key scientific background and clinical data you need. The book is clearly organized and practical, with each chapter written by leading specialists who share their hands-on knowledge and clinical expertise.
Whether used as a study guide or authoritative everyday reference, this book will be a treasured text for all facial plastic surgeons, oral surgeons, otolaryngologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, residents, fellows and students. Stay informed and up-to-date; order today and keep this classic text within easy reach!

Special features:

• Encyclopedic, single-volume coverage of all new techniques in facial plastics and aesthetic facial surgery
• Clear, easily accessible format, making it ideal for board review and exam preparation
• Written by renowned experts
• New sections on endoscopic facial surgery, microvascular facial reconstruction, laser resurfacing, minimally invasive facialcosmetic procedures, and much more!
• Over 1,800 high-quality illustrations, more than one per page!

Intro. text covers principles, reconstructive & aesthetic techniques, techniques for correction of congenital probs.