Femtocells : design & application

Cutting-edge femtocell design and implementation techniques This in-depth resource provides comprehensive coverage of femtocells and how they integrate with existing 3G and emerging wireless protocols and standards. Femtocells: Design & Application provides a technical roadmap for migrating to femtocell technology, covering network architecture, media protocols, system performance, and security issues. Detailed architectural diagrams illustrate various deployment options. This is a practical guide to the pioneering technology that enables extended indoor service coverage. Femtocells: Design & Application covers: The impact on handset design with respect to cost, size, and power consumption Cellular candidate radio access technologies that aid in femtocell deployment, including 3GPP LTE System analysis, including indoor path loss models and 3GPP RF requirements Femtocell network architecture and analysis Registrations, call establishment, call release, and handoff scenarios VoIP and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Media protocols over IP Security vulnerabilities and solutions Managing Quality of Service in IP-based networks offering multimedia solutions 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network architecture Contents 10 Introduction 14 1 Femtocell Design 16 1.1 The Femtocell Concept 17 1.1.1 Market Overview and Direction 22 1.1.2 Insights into the Cellular Roadmap 23 1.2 Femtocell System Benefits 25 1.2.1 Typical Deployment 25 1.2.2 Advantages to the Femtocell User 26 1.2.3 Advantages to the Network Provider 29 1.3 Handset Impact 30 1.3.1 Complexity Discussion 32 1.3.2 Dual-Mode Designs (WLAN + Cellular) 33 1.4 Femtocell Applications 35 1.4.1 Home Usage Models (Femtocell Architecture Overview) 35 1.4.2 Femtocell Protocol Overview 35 References 37 2 3G and LTE Radio Access Technologies 38 2.1 WCDMA Overview 38 2.1.1 Frequency Bands 40 2.1.2 Network Architecture 40 2.1.3 HSPA Overview 52 2.1.4 HSPA Evolution 68 2.1.5 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Overview 73 References 87 3 Femtocell System Analysis 88 3.1 Deployment Scenarios 88 3.1.1 Handoff Discussion 90 3.2 Path Loss Models 92 3.2.1 Path Loss Model #1 92 3.2.2 Path Loss Model #2 93 3.2.3 Path Loss Model #3 93 3.2.4 Path Loss Model #4 95 3.2.5 Path Loss Model #5 95 3.2.6 Path Loss Comparison 96 3.3 Link Budget 98 3.4 Example Capacity 102 3.5 3GPP RF Specifications 103 3.5.1 Base Station Classes 103 3.5.2 Frequency Bands 103 3.5.3 Base Station Output Power 104 3.5.4 Frequency Error 105 3.5.5 Home Base Station Output Power for Adjacent Channel Protection 105 3.5.6 Reference Sensitivity Level 106 3.6 Implementation Issues 106 References 109 4 Femtocell Architectures 110 4.1 Femtocell Reference Interfaces 110 4.2 IMS Femtocell Architecture 112 4.2.1 CDMA2000 Femtocells 113 4.3 UMTS Femtocell Architecture 129 4.3.1 UMTS Femtocell Signaling Protocols 130 4.3.2 UMTS Femtocell Media Protocols 131 4.3.3 UMTS Femtocell Device Responsibilities 132 4.3.4 HNB Registration 132 4.3.5 User Endpoint Registration 134 4.3.6 User Endpoint Call Origination over Iu-h 135 4.4 LTE Femtocell Architecture 137 4.5 Self-Organizing Femtocell Networks 141 4.6 Femtozones 142 References 143 5 VoIP Fundamentals 144 5.1 Why VoIP 144 5.2 VoIP Signaling Protocols 146 5.2.1 VoIP Termination-Based Signaling Protocols 146 5.2.2 VoIP Session-Based Protocols 159 5.2.3 H.323 159 5.2.4 SIP Introduced 160 5.2.5 SIP Details 160 5.2.6 Session Description Protocol (SDP) 169 5.2.7 SIP Offer/Answer Model 171 References 174 6 Media Protocols over IP 176 6.1 Voice Codecs 176 6.1.1 PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) 177 6.1.2 G.711 A-Law and μ-Law Companding 178 6.1.3 AMR (Adaptive Multirate Compression) 179 6.1.4 AMR-WB (Adaptive Multirate Compression Wide Band) 179 6.1.5 G.718 180 6.1.6 G.721 181 6.1.7 G.722 181 6.2 Video Codecs 181 6.2.1 MPEG 183 6.2.2 H.261, H.262, H.263 184 6.2.3 Video Codec Quality 185 6.3 Text Encoding 185 6.3.1 Short Message Service 186 6.3.2 Instant Messaging 186 6.3.3 MSRP 187 6.3.4 Text over IP 188 6.4 Media Transport Protocols 191 6.4.1 RTP 191 6.4.2 RTCP 193 6.4.3 SRTP/SRCTP 194 References 195 7 Femtocell Security Solutions 198 7.1 Femtocell Security Vulnerabilities 198 7.2 IPsec 200 7.2.1 Authentication Header (AH) 200 7.2.2 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) 203 7.2.3 IPsec Associations 206 7.3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithms 206 7.4 Air Interface Ciphers 208 7.4.1 Block Ciphers 209 7.4.2 Stream Cipher 210 7.5 Cryptographic Legal Issues 210 7.6 IKE 210 7.7 UICC 213 7.8 Home Device Security 214 References 214 8 Quality of Service 216 8.1 Resource Reservations 217 8.1.1 Policy Servers 217 8.2 Integrated Services 218 8.2.1 RSVP 219 8.3 DiffServ 221 8.4 IntServ and DiffServ Compared 223 8.5 Layer 2 QoS 224 8.6 CAC 225 8.7 Traffic Controls 226 8.8 GPRS QoS 230 References 232 9 IMS Network Architecture 234 9.1 IMS History 234 9.2 IMS Components 235 9.2.1 Access Network 235 9.2.2 IMS Core 236 9.2.3 Home vs. Visited Network Components 245 9.3 IMS Interfaces 246 9.4 IMS Flows 248 9.4.1 Registration Procedure 248 9.4.2 Preconditions 251 9.4.3 IMS Basic Call 251 9.4.4 Ringing/PRACK/200 OK Exchanged 256 9.4.5 Sample SIP Register Message 261 9.4.6 Sample SIP INVITE Message 262 References 263 Index 264 A 264 B 265 C 265 D 265 E 266 F 266 G 267 H 267 I 268 J 268 K 268 L 268 M 268 N 269 O 269 P 269 Q 270 R 270 S 271 T 271 U 272 V 272 W 272 X 272 Contents......Page 10 Introduction......Page 14 1 Femtocell Design......Page 16 1.1 The Femtocell Concept......Page 17 1.1.1 Market Overview and Direction......Page 22 1.1.2 Insights into the Cellular Roadmap......Page 23 1.2.1 Typical Deployment......Page 25 1.2.2 Advantages to the Femtocell User......Page 26 1.2.3 Advantages to the Network Provider......Page 29 1.3 Handset Impact......Page 30 1.3.1 Complexity Discussion......Page 32 1.3.2 Dual-Mode Designs (WLAN + Cellular)......Page 33 1.4.2 Femtocell Protocol Overview......Page 35 References......Page 37 2.1 WCDMA Overview......Page 38 2.1.2 Network Architecture......Page 40 2.1.3 HSPA Overview......Page 52 2.1.4 HSPA Evolution......Page 68 2.1.5 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Overview......Page 73 References......Page 87 3.1 Deployment Scenarios......Page 88 3.1.1 Handoff Discussion......Page 90 3.2.1 Path Loss Model #1......Page 92 3.2.3 Path Loss Model #3......Page 93 3.2.5 Path Loss Model #5......Page 95 3.2.6 Path Loss Comparison......Page 96 3.3 Link Budget......Page 98 3.4 Example Capacity......Page 102 3.5.2 Frequency Bands......Page 103 3.5.3 Base Station Output Power......Page 104 3.5.5 Home Base Station Output Power for Adjacent Channel Protection......Page 105 3.6 Implementation Issues......Page 106 References......Page 109 4.1 Femtocell Reference Interfaces......Page 110 4.2 IMS Femtocell Architecture......Page 112 4.2.1 CDMA2000 Femtocells......Page 113 4.3 UMTS Femtocell Architecture......Page 129 4.3.1 UMTS Femtocell Signaling Protocols......Page 130 4.3.2 UMTS Femtocell Media Protocols......Page 131 4.3.4 HNB Registration......Page 132 4.3.5 User Endpoint Registration......Page 134 4.3.6 User Endpoint Call Origination over Iu-h......Page 135 4.4 LTE Femtocell Architecture......Page 137 4.5 Self-Organizing Femtocell Networks......Page 141 4.6 Femtozones......Page 142 References......Page 143 5.1 Why VoIP......Page 144 5.2.1 VoIP Termination-Based Signaling Protocols......Page 146 5.2.3 H.323......Page 159 5.2.5 SIP Details......Page 160 5.2.6 Session Description Protocol (SDP)......Page 169 5.2.7 SIP Offer/Answer Model......Page 171 References......Page 174 6.1 Voice Codecs......Page 176 6.1.1 PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)......Page 177 6.1.2 G.711 A-Law and μ-Law Companding......Page 178 6.1.4 AMR-WB (Adaptive Multirate Compression Wide Band)......Page 179 6.1.5 G.718......Page 180 6.2 Video Codecs......Page 181 6.2.1 MPEG......Page 183 6.2.2 H.261, H.262, H.263......Page 184 6.3 Text Encoding......Page 185 6.3.2 Instant Messaging......Page 186 6.3.3 MSRP......Page 187 6.3.4 Text over IP......Page 188 6.4.1 RTP......Page 191 6.4.2 RTCP......Page 193 6.4.3 SRTP/SRCTP......Page 194 References......Page 195 7.1 Femtocell Security Vulnerabilities......Page 198 7.2.1 Authentication Header (AH)......Page 200 7.2.2 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)......Page 203 7.3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithms......Page 206 7.4 Air Interface Ciphers......Page 208 7.4.1 Block Ciphers......Page 209 7.6 IKE......Page 210 7.7 UICC......Page 213 References......Page 214 8 Quality of Service......Page 216 8.1.1 Policy Servers......Page 217 8.2 Integrated Services......Page 218 8.2.1 RSVP......Page 219 8.3 DiffServ......Page 221 8.4 IntServ and DiffServ Compared......Page 223 8.5 Layer 2 QoS......Page 224 8.6 CAC......Page 225 8.7 Traffic Controls......Page 226 8.8 GPRS QoS......Page 230 References......Page 232 9.1 IMS History......Page 234 9.2.1 Access Network......Page 235 9.2.2 IMS Core......Page 236 9.2.3 Home vs. Visited Network Components......Page 245 9.3 IMS Interfaces......Page 246 9.4.1 Registration Procedure......Page 248 9.4.3 IMS Basic Call......Page 251 9.4.4 Ringing/PRACK/200 OK Exchanged......Page 256 9.4.5 Sample SIP Register Message......Page 261 9.4.6 Sample SIP INVITE Message......Page 262 References......Page 263 A......Page 264 D......Page 265 F......Page 266 H......Page 267 M......Page 268 P......Page 269 R......Page 270 T......Page 271 X......Page 272 "The most comprehensive technical design and implementation guide on femtocell development. Femtocells: design & application details the architecture of femtocells and how they integrate with existing 3G and the new 4G wireless protocols and standards. Various functional modules such as voice and video coders are presented. The book provides a technical roadmap for migrating to femtocell technology, including system performance, femtocell and handset architectural features, and security issues. Real-world case studies are included. This is a hands-on implementation guide to the emerging technology that enables total communications convergence. Femtocells: Design & Application covers: Current standards created by the 3GPP Femtocell Standards group. The latest wireless 3G/4G technologies and capabilities and the benefits femtocells deliver to the home user. Various Home NodeB (HNB) usage scenarios and possible frequency band deployments. In-depth details on: Femtocell Design; 3G and LTE Radio Access Technologies; Femtocell Standards; Femtocell Architectures; VoIP Signaling Protocols; Femtocell Security Solutions; Quality of Service in a Femtocell Network; Integrating Femtocells with Today's VoIP Networks; Usage Scenarios"--Provided by publisher. - "This in-depth resource provides comprehensive coverage of femtocells and how they integrate with existing 3G and emerging wireless protocols and standards. Femtocells: Design & Application provides a technical roadmap for migrating to femtocell technology, covering network architecture, media protocols, system performance, and security issues. Detailed architectural diagrams illustrate various deployment options. This is a practical guide to the pioneering technology that enables extended indoor service coverage"--Provided by publisher "This in-depth resource provides comprehensive coverage of femtocells and how they integrate with existing 3G and emerging wireless protocols and standards. Femtocells: Design & Application provides a technical roadmap for migrating to femtocell technology, covering network architecture, media protocols, system performance, and security issues. Detailed architectural diagrams illustrate various deployment options. This is a practical guide to the pioneering technology that enables extended indoor service coverage"-- Provided by publisher Machine generated contents note: Ch 1. Femtocell Design Ch 2. 3G and LTE Radio Access Technologies Ch 3. Femtocell Standards Ch 4. Femtocell Architectures Ch 5. VoIP Signaling Protocols Ch 6. Femtocell Security Solutions Ch 7. Quality of Service in a Femtocell Network Ch 8. Integrating Femtocells with Today's VoiP Networks Ch 9. Usage Scenarios.