Formation testing : pressure transient and contamination analysis

"The book provides more than formulations and solutions: it offers a close look at formation tester development 'behind the scenes,' as the China National Offshore Oil Corporation opens up its research, engineering and manufacturing facilities through a collection of interesting photographs to show how formation testing tools are developed from start to finish"-- Abstract: Providing more than formulations and solutions, this book offers a close look at behind the scenes formation tester development, as the China National Offshore Oil Corporation opens up its research, engineering, and manufacturing facilities through a collection of photographs, showing how formation testing tools are developed from start to finish. � Read more... Content: Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Opening Message Preface Acknowledgements Part 1 Modern Ideas in Job Planning and Execution 1. Basic Ideas, Challenges and Developments 1.1 Background and introduction 1.2 Existing models, implicit assumptions and limitations 1.2.1 Exponential tight zone approximation 1.2.2 Permeability and anisotropy from steady-state dual-probe data 1.2.3 Three-probe, vertical well interpretation method 1.2.4 Gas pumping 1.2.5 Material balance method 1.2.6 Conventional three-dimensional numerical models 1.2.7 Uniform flux dual packer models. 1.3 Tool development, testing and deployment -- role of modeling and "behind the scenes" at CNOOC/COSL1.3.1 Engineering analysis, design challenges, solutions 1.3.2 From physics to math to engineering -- inverse problem formulation 1.3.2.1 Simplified theoretical model 1.3.2.2 More detailed finite element model 1.3.3 Design chronicle -- people, places and things 1.3.4 Bohai Bay activities 1.3.5 Middle East operations 1.4 Book objectives and presentation plan 1.5 References 2. Forward Pressure and Contamination Analysis in Single and Multiphase Compressible Flow. 2.1 Single-phase source flow models2.1.1 Qualitative effects of storage and skin 2.2 Dual packer and dual probe flows 2.2.1 A detailed calculation 2.3 Supercharging, mudcake growth and pressure interpretation 2.3.1 Supercharge numerical simulation 2.3.2 Industry perspectives on "buildup versus drawdown, " 2.4 Boundary and azimuthal effects in horizontal wells 2.5 Contamination clean-up at the source probe 2.6 Sampling-while-drilling tools and clean-up efficiency 2.6.1 What happens with very short invasion times 2.6.2 What happens with longer invasion times 2.7 References. 3. Inverse Methods for Permeability, Anisotropy and Formation Boundary Effects Assuming Liquids3.1 New inverse methods summary 3.2 New inverse modeling capabilities 3.2.1 Module FT-00 3.2.2 Module FT-01 3.2.3 Module FT-03 3.2.4 Module FT-PTA-DDBU 3.3 Inverse examples -- dip angle, multivalued solutions and skin 3.3.1 Forward model, Module FT-00 3.3.2 Inverse model, Module FT-01 -- multivalued solutions 3.3.3 Effects of dip angle -- detailed calculations 3.3.4 Inverse "pulse interaction" approach for low permeability zones. 3.4 Computational notes on complex complementary error function evaluation3.5 Source model -- analytical and physical limitations 3.6 Full three-dimensional transient Darcy flow model for horizontal wells 3.7 Phase delay inverse method and electromagnetic analogy 3.8 Source model applications to dual packers 3.9 Closing remarks 3.10 References Part II Math Models, Results and Detailed Examples 4. Multiphase Flow and Contamination -- Transient Immiscible and Miscible Modeling with Fluid Compressibility 4.1 Invasion, supercharging and multiphase pumping. The only book available for the reservoir or petroleum engineer covering formation testing—with algorithms for wireline and LWD reservoir analysis developed for transient pressure, contamination modeling, permeability, and pore pressure prediction. Traditional well logging methods, such as resistivity, acoustic, nuclear, and NMR, provide indirect information relating to fluid and formation properties. However, the'formation tester'offered in wireline and MWD/LWD operations is different. It collects actual downhole fluid samples for surface analysis, and through pressure transient analysis, provides direct measurements for pore pressure, mobility, permeability, and anisotropy. These are vital to real-time drilling safety, geosteering, hydraulic fracturing, and economic analysis. Methods for formation testing analysis, while commercially important and accounting for a substantial part of service company profits, are shrouded in secrecy. Many are poorly constructed, and because details are not available, industry researchers are not able to improve on them. Formation Testing explains conventional models and develops new, more powerful algorithms for early-time analysis. More importantly, it addresses a critical area in sampling related to'time required to pump clean samples,'using rigorous multiphase flow techniques. All of the methods are explained in complete detail. Equations are offered for users to incorporate in their own models, but, for those needing immediate answers, convenient, easy-to-use software is available. The lead author is a well-known petrophysicist with hands-on experience at Schlumberger, Halliburton, BP Exploration, and other companies. His work is used commercially at major oil service companies, and important extensions to his formation testing models have been supported by prestigious grants from the U.S. Department of Energy. His latest collaboration with China National Offshore Oil Corporation marks an important turning point, where advanced simulation models and hardware are evolving side-by-side, defining a new generation of formation testing logging instruments. Providing more than formulations and solutions, this book offers a close look at'behind the scenes'formation tester development, as the China National Offshore Oil Corporation opens up its research, engineering, and manufacturing facilities through a collection of never-before-seen photographs, showing how formation testing tools are developed from start to finish. "The book provides more than formulations and solutions: it offers a close look at formation tester development 'behind the scenes, ' as the China National Offshore Oil Corporation opens up its research, engineering and manufacturing facilities through a collection of interesting photographs to show how formation testing tools are developed from start to finish"-- Provided by publisher