Grading for Landscape Architects and Architects

A textbook on grading in the planning and construction process for students of landscape architecture "The contour line is the only precise and accurate means for representing the free and natural formation of terrain in the plan; so learn to use this instrument!" Professor Hans Loidl, Landscape Architect and Teacher The two design elements of landscape architecture are plants and terrain. While the subject of vegetation is well documented by numerous publications, there is a lack of technical literature in the field of grading. This volume fills that gap: History, forms of terrain, basic principles, digital modeling, slope reinforcement systems, construction site implementation, and practical examples – all are treated in detail by the author. Short problems, systematically organized and arranged in increasing order of difficulty, enable the reader to apply what he or she has learned. The exercises are suitable for self-study. Together with the large amount of practical information provided by the book, they also enable architects to become familiar with grading as an important design element of landscape architecture. Contains detailed information on digital grading, including GPS technology Suitable for class use, self-study, and on the job Contains exercises and solutions With a foreword by Peter Walker Foreword by Peter Walker Introduction History of Site Grading Developments in Plan Representation Selected Projects The Pueblo Grande Ball Court The Pyramids of the Branitz Landscape Park The “Poet’s Garden” at the G 59 in Zurich The Olympiapark in Munich Landform at the Scottish National Gallery of Art in Edinburgh Landform Site Grading 101 Small and Large Scale Slope Slope Calculations in Percent Ratio Angle of Incline Gradient Formations Interpolation Spot Elevations Contour Lines Embankments Profile Cut and Fill Calculations Grading: Purpose and Techniques Natural Grading Important Criteria Minimum and Maximum Slope Site Grading and Buildings Site Grading and Roads Grading and Layout Plan Stormwater Management and Site Grading Stormwater Management Basics Site Grading and Stormwater Management Case Studies Digital Site Grading Data from Local Survey Offices Data Mapping with GPS Data Collection Using a Builder’s Tacheometer Digital Models Site Model Making Real-time Models Landscape Stabilization Soil Erosion and Landslides Embankment Angle and Construction Technology An Overview of Slope Stabilization Construction Techniques Bioengineering Construction Methods Lime and Cement Stabilization Reinforced Earth Geotextile Retaining Walls Retaining Walls Grading on the Construction Site Staking Out with GPS Instruments Staking Out with a Tacheometer Site Grading Construction Machinery Machinery for Soil Excavation and Loading Machinery for Soil Transportation Machinery for Soil Compaction GPS Remote Control in Site Grading Practical Examples Harradine Golf / Orient Irrigation Services A Golf Course A Private Garden An Island ilu AG Ingenieure, Landschaftsarchitekten, Umweltfachleute Reuss Delta 3D Visualizations of the Netstal Quarry Photomontage of the Zingel Quarry Appendix Site Grading Exercises Glossary A - Z Bibliography and References Picture Credits / Table Credits "Die Höhenlinie ist die einzige exakte Darstellungsmöglichkeit freier, naturhafter Formung des Geländes im Grundriss; eignen Sie sich also dieses Instrument an!" Professor Hans Loidl, Landschaftsarchitekt und Lehrender Die zwei Gestaltungsmittel der Landschaftsarchitektur sind die Pflanze und das Gelände. Während zahlreiche Publikationen das Thema Vegetation gut dokumentieren, mangelt es im Bereich der Geländemodellierung an Fachliteratur. Der vorliegende Band schließt diese Lücke: Geschichte, Geländeformen, Grundlagen, digitale Modellierung, Hangsicherungssysteme, Baustellenumsetzung und Praxisbeispiele behandelt der Autor ausführlich. Ein Übungsteil befindet sich im Anhang des Buches. Kleine, systematisch aufgebaute, leichte bis schwierigere Aufgaben ermöglichen dem Leser, das Gelernte anzuwenden. Die Übungen eignen sich gut zum Selbststudium. Zusammen mit den zahlreichen, praxisbezogenen Informationen des Buches ermöglichen sie auch Architekten, die Geländemodellierung als wichtiges Gestaltungsmittel der Landschaftsarchitektur kennenzulernen

"The contour line is the only precise and accurate means for representing the free and natural formation of terrain in the plan; so learn to use this instrument!" Professor Hans Loidl, Landscape Architect and Teacher

The two design elements of landscape architecture are plants and terrain. While the subject of vegetation is well documented by numerous publications, there is a lack of technical literature in the field of grading.

This volume fills that gap: History, forms of terrain, basic principles, digital modeling, slope reinforcement systems, construction site implementation, and practical examples – all are treated in detail by the author. Short problems, systematically organized and arranged in increasing order of difficulty, enable the reader to apply what he or she has learned. The exercises are suitable for self-study. Together with the large amount of practical information provided by the book, they also enable architects to become familiar with grading as an important design element of landscape architecture.

A landscape architect has to consider functional, aesthetic and ecological criteria when making design decisions. Grading is of elementary importance in the decision-making process - in addition to planting, it is one of the landscape architect's most important tools. This book deals with the basics - landform, scales, gradient, interpolation, spot elevations, contour lines and cut and fill calculations - as well as delving into more specific topics such as landscape stabilization, stormwater management and grading on the construction site. It reviews the potential of digital site modeling and its application to the actual staking out of sites and remote control systems for machinery. The book closes with a number of inspiring projects and a set of practical exercises, which will assist readers, landscape architects and architects alike, in becoming familiar with site grading as one of the most important design tools in landscape architecture. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende der Landschaftsarchitektur zur Geländemodelllierung im Planungs- und Bauprozess. Mit detaillierten Informationen zur digitalen Geländemodellierung, inklusive GPS-Technologie