Hammer's German Grammar and Usage, Fifth Edition

Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and user-friendly grammar available, HAMMER'S GERMAN GRAMMAR AND USAGE FIFTH EDITION provides students and teachers with a complete guide to German as it is written and spoken today. Abstract: Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and user-friendly grammar available, HAMMER'S GERMAN GRAMMAR AND USAGE FIFTH EDITION provides students and teachers with a complete guide to German as it is written and spoken today Front Cover 1 Hammer's German Grammar and Usage 3 Copyright Page 4 Contents 5 List of tables 10 Abbreviations and points for the user 12 Preface to the fifth edition 13 Acknowledgements 15 The phonetic alphabet 16 1. Nouns 17 1.1 Gender 17 A: Gender and meaning 18 B: Gender and form 23 1.2 Noun plurals 30 1.3 Noun declension 41 2. Case 49 2.1 The nominative case 49 2.2 The accusative case 51 2.3 The genitive case 52 2.4 Genitive case or von? 54 2.5 The dative case 56 2.6 Apposition 59 2.7 Measurement phrases: genitive, von or apposition? 61 3. Personal pronouns 64 3.1 The forms of the personal pronouns 64 3.2 Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns 66 3.3 Pronouns of address 68 3.4 Third person pronouns 70 3.5 Third person pronoun or prepositional adverb? 70 3.6 Special uses of the pronoun es 72 4. The articles 78 4.1 The declension of the articles 78 4.2 Articles with abstract nouns 81 4.3 The use of articles in generalizations 85 4.4 The use of articles with geographical and other proper names 86 4.5 The use of articles in time expressions 87 4.6 Definite article or possessive? 88 4.7 Miscellaneous uses of the definite article 89 4.8 Miscellaneous uses of the zero article 90 4.9 Article use with prepositions 92 5. Other determiners and pronouns 94 5.1 Demonstratives 95 5.2 Possessives 101 5.3 Interrogatives 103 5.4 Relative pronouns 108 5.5 Indefinites, quantifiers and other determiners and pronouns 114 6. Adjectives 135 6.1 Declension of adjectives 135 6.2 The use of the strong and weak declensions 136 6.3 Irregularities in the spelling of some adjectives 141 6.4 Adjectives used as nouns 142 6.5 Cases with adjectives 146 6.6 Adjectives with prepositions 149 7. Adverbs 153 7.1 Adverbs of place 154 7.2 Adverbs of direction: hin and her 155 7.3 Adverbs of manner, viewpoint, attitude and reason 159 7.4 Adverbs of degree 165 7.5 Interrogative adverbs 167 8. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs 168 8.1 Regular formation of the comparative and superlative 168 8.2 Irregularities in the formation of comparatives and superlatives 169 8.3 The use of the comparative and other types of comparison 173 8.4 Types and uses of the superlative 175 9. Numerals 179 9.1 Cardinal numbers 179 9.2 Ordinal numbers 185 9.3 Fractions and decimals 186 9.4 Other numerical usages 188 9.5 Addresses 191 10. Modal particles 192 10.1 aber 193 10.2 allerdings 194 10.3 also 194 10.4 auch 195 10.5 bloß 196 10.6 denn 196 10.7 doch 198 10.8 eben 200 10.9 eh 201 10.10 eigentlich 201 10.11 einfach 202 10.12 erst 203 10.13 etwa 204 10.14 freilich 205 10.15 gar 205 10.16 gleich 206 10.17 halt 206 10.18 immerhin 206 10.19 ja 207 10.20 jedenfalls 208 10.21 lediglich 208 10.22 mal 209 10.23 man 209 10.24 noch 210 10.25 nun 211 10.26 nur 211 10.27 ohnehin 213 10.28 ruhig 213 10.29 schließlich 213 10.30 schon 213 10.31 sowieso 215 10.32 überhaupt 216 10.33 übrigens 216 10.34 vielleicht 216 10.35 wohl 217 10.36 zwar 219 11. Expressions of time 220 11.1 Times of the clock 220 11.2 Days of the week, months and public holidays 221 11.3 Dates 223 11.4 The accusative and genitive cases used in time adverbials 224 11.5 adverbial time phrases with prepositions 226 11.6 Adverbs of time 234 12. Verbs: conjugation 239 12.1 Verb conjugation 239 12.2 The simple present and past tenses, the non-finite forms and the imperative 246 12.3 The compound tenses 252 12.4 The passive 256 12.5 The subjunctive 257 13. The infinitive and the participles 270 13.1 Forms of the infinitive 270 13.2 The use of the infinitive with zu 272 13.3 The use of the infinitive without zu 282 13.4 Infinitives used as nouns 286 13.5 The present and past participles 288 13.6 Clauses with participles 292 13.7 German equivalents of English constructions with the ‘ing’form 293 14. Uses of the tenses 299 14.1 The german tenses: general 299 14.2 The present tense 300 14.3 The past tense and the perfect tense 303 14.4 The future tense and the future perfect tense 307 14.5 The pluperfect tense 309 14.6 German equivalents for the English progressive tenses 310 15. The passive 313 15.1 The werden-passive 314 15.2 The sein-passive 317 15.3 von, durch and mit with the passive 321 15.4 Other passive constructions 322 15.5 The use of active and passive in German 327 16. Mood: the imperative and the subjunctive 328 16.1 Indicative, imperative and subjunctive 328 16.2 Commands and the imperative 329 16.3 The subjunctive mood: general 332 16.4 Forms and tenses of the subjunctive 332 16.5 Conditional sentences 335 16.6 Indirect speech 340 16.7 Other uses of the subjunctive 347 17. The modal auxiliaries 352 17.1 The modal auxiliaries: common features of form and syntax 352 17.2 dürfen 356 17.3 können 357 17.4 mögen 359 17.5 müssen 362 17.6 sollen 364 17.7 wollen 367 18. Verbs: valency 369 18.1 Valency, complements and sentence patterns 369 18.2 The subject 372 18.3 The accusative object 377 18.4 The dative object 382 18.5 Prepositional objects 388 18.6 Predicate complements 395 18.7 Genitive objects 396 18.8 Direction complements 398 19. Conjunctions and subordination 400 19.1 Coordinating conjunctions 400 19.2 Noun clauses 404 19.3 Conjunctions of time 408 19.4 Causal conjunctions 412 19.5 Conjunctions of purpose and result 414 19.6 Concessive conjunctions 416 19.7 Conjunctions of manner and degree 418 20. Prepositions 422 20.1 Prepositions governing the accusative case 423 20.2 Prepositions governing the dative case 428 20.3 Prepositions governing the accusative or the dative case 442 20.4 Prepositions governing the genitive case 458 20.5 German equivalents for English ‘to’ 463 21. Word Order 466 21.1 Clause structure and the position of the verb 466 21.2 Initial position in main clause statements 470 21.3 The order of other elements in the sentence: general principles 477 21.4 The position of pronouns 478 21.5 The position of noun subject and objects 480 21.6 The place and order of adverbials 482 21.7 The position of nicht and other negative elements 485 21.8 The position of complements 487 21.9 Ausklammerung: placing elements after the end of the verbal bracket 488 22. Word formation 491 22.1 Methods of word formation 491 22.2 The formation of nouns 492 22.3 The formation of adjectives 499 22.4 The formation of verbs: inseparable prefixes 503 22.5 The formation of verbs: separable prefixes 506 22.6 The formation of verbs: variable prefixes 510 22.7 Verb formation by means other than prefixes 515 23. Spelling, pronunciation and punctuation 517 23.1 Spelling and pronunciation 518 23.2 The use of capital letters 522 23.3 One word or two? 526 23.4 ss or ß? 527 23.5 Other points of spelling 528 23.6 The use of the comma 528 23.7 Other punctuation marks 530 List of sources 532 Bibliography and references 534 Glossary 539 Index 548 Content: Front Cover Hammer's German Grammar and Usage Copyright Page Contents List of tables Abbreviations and points for the user Preface to the fifth edition Acknowledgements The phonetic alphabet 1. Nouns 1.1 Gender A: Gender and meaning B: Gender and form 1.2 Noun plurals 1.3 Noun declension 2. Case 2.1 The nominative case 2.2 The accusative case 2.3 The genitive case 2.4 Genitive case or von? 2.5 The dative case 2.6 Apposition 2.7 Measurement phrases: genitive, von or apposition? 3. Personal pronouns 3.1 The forms of the personal pronouns 3.2 Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns3.3 Pronouns of address 3.4 Third person pronouns 3.5 Third person pronoun or prepositional adverb? 3.6 Special uses of the pronoun es 4. The articles 4.1 The declension of the articles 4.2 Articles with abstract nouns 4.3 The use of articles in generalizations 4.4 The use of articles with geographical and other proper names 4.5 The use of articles in time expressions 4.6 Definite article or possessive? 4.7 Miscellaneous uses of the definite article 4.8 Miscellaneous uses of the zero article 4.9 Article use with prepositions 5. Other determiners and pronouns5.1 Demonstratives 5.2 Possessives 5.3 Interrogatives 5.4 Relative pronouns 5.5 Indefinites, quantifiers and other determiners and pronouns 6. Adjectives 6.1 Declension of adjectives 6.2 The use of the strong and weak declensions 6.3 Irregularities in the spelling of some adjectives 6.4 Adjectives used as nouns 6.5 Cases with adjectives 6.6 Adjectives with prepositions 7. Adverbs 7.1 Adverbs of place 7.2 Adverbs of direction: hin and her 7.3 Adverbs of manner, viewpoint, attitude and reason 7.4 Adverbs of degree 7.5 Interrogative adverbs 8. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs8.1 Regular formation of the comparative and superlative 8.2 Irregularities in the formation of comparatives and superlatives 8.3 The use of the comparative and other types of comparison 8.4 Types and uses of the superlative 9. Numerals 9.1 Cardinal numbers 9.2 Ordinal numbers 9.3 Fractions and decimals 9.4 Other numerical usages 9.5 Addresses 10. Modal particles 10.1 aber 10.2 allerdings 10.3 also 10.4 auch 10.5 bloß 10.6 denn 10.7 doch 10.8 eben 10.9 eh 10.10 eigentlich 10.11 einfach 10.12 erst 10.13 etwa 10.14 freilich 10.15 gar10.16 gleich 10.17 halt 10.18 immerhin 10.19 ja 10.20 jedenfalls 10.21 lediglich 10.22 mal 10.23 man 10.24 noch 10.25 nun 10.26 nur 10.27 ohnehin 10.28 ruhig 10.29 schließlich 10.30 schon 10.31 sowieso 10.32 überhaupt 10.33 übrigens 10.34 vielleicht 10.35 wohl 10.36 zwar 11. Expressions of time 11.1 Times of the clock 11.2 Days of the week, months and public holidays 11.3 Dates 11.4 The accusative and genitive cases used in time adverbials 11.5 adverbial time phrases with prepositions 11.6 Adverbs of time 12. Verbs: conjugation 12.1 Verb conjugation Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and user-friendly grammar available, HAMMER'S GERMAN GRAMMAR AND USAGE provides you with a complete guide to German as it is written and spoken today. This new edition includes: -concise descriptions of the main grammatical phenomena of German and their use -examples of grammar taken from contemporary German, helping you to understand the underlying grammatical principles more quickly -invaluable guidance on pronunciation and the German accent -discussion of new words from English roots such as 'zertweeten' ('to tweet'), helping you to communicate in German as used by Germans today -clarification on the spelling reform and current spellings of German, thus increasing your confidence while writing and reading in German. Praised for its clear layout and lucid explanations, this new edition distinguishes the most common forms of usage, both formal and informal, and offers you a combination of reference grammar and manual of current usage that you will find invaluable, whether a student or a teacher, at intermediate or advanced level
Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date, and user-friendly grammar available, Hammer's German Grammar and Usage provides students and teachers with a complete guide to German as it is written and spoken today. It includes clear and concise descriptions of all the main grammatical features of German, highlighting the most common forms of usage, both formal and informal. The new edition includes updated modern-day examples, discusses words from English roots in current use such as "zertweeten," and features an entirely new chapter on pronunciation. Its combination of reference grammar and manual of current usage will prove invaluable to students and teachers.