Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices : Applications of Industry 4.0

Preface Contents About the Editors Contributors Part I Industry 4.0: Concepts, Themes, and Perspectives 1 Industry 4.0 Revolution: Introduction Contents The Fourth Industrial Revolution Industry 4.0 Expected Benefits Costs, Security, and Privacy Enabling Technologies Advanced Human-Machine Interface Additive Manufacturing Cyber Physical System Internet of Things Cloud Big Data Machine Learning Wearable Devices Robotics Virtual and Augmented Reality Applicative Sectors Smart Home and Building Automation Logistic Service Automotive Urban Planning School Healthcare Agriculture Professional Figures of Tomorrow Conclusions References 2 Industry 4.0 Perspectives: Global Trends and Future Developments Contents Abbreviations Introduction The Evolution of Industry: The Digital Transformation Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS) Report Digital 2020 (We Are Social) State of the Art on Industry 4.0 The Future of Manufacturing: Survey Results and Analysis Survey Objectives and Setup Survey Results Challenges, Directions, and Trends Research Direction #1: Technical Challenges Research Direction #2: Social Challenges Conclusion References 3 Changing Manufacturing Landscape: From a Factory to a Network Contents Introduction History of Manufacturing: Change Within Factory Walls Regime of Accumulation From Economies of Scale to Economies of Scope The End of Division of Labor Technological and Business Drivers that Underlie Industrial Landscape Change Digitalization of Business and Manufacturing Processes Automation and Manufacturing Robotics Additive Manufacturing Technologies Logistics Optimization and Supply Chain Risk Management Proactive Versus Reactive Management Conclusion: Toward Manufacturing as a Network References 4 Karakuri Solutions and Industry 4.0 Contents Introduction Where to Find Karakuri? Karakuri Kaizen in Industrial Applications Selected Reflections on Karakuri Conclusion References 5 Use of Smart Technologies on Textile Industry Workers to Evaluate the Effect of Work Posture on Lower Extremity Distress in Southern Region of India Contents Introduction Hand Screen Printing Process Evaluation of Distress on Lower Extremity Among Hand Screen Printing Workers Study Participants Data Collection Method Identification of Critical Work Postures Instruments Used Data Analysis Technique Impact of WMSD on Various Anatomical Site Demographics Prevalence of Lower Extremity Disorder Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Lower Extremity Disorder Low Back Pain Knee Ankle/Feet Inference from Postural Analysis Rationale Behind the Occurrence of WMSD on Lower Body Extremity Among Textile Workers Conclusion References 6 Monitoring and Modeling of Cylindricity Error Using Vibration Signals in Drilling Contents Introduction Materials and Methods for Cylindricity Monitoring Cylindricity Measurements Using Vibration Signals Modeling of Cylindricity Error Using ANFIS Conclusion References 7 Logic Based Path Planning (LBPP) Algorithm for Robotic Library System Contents Introduction Manipulator Arm and Gripper for Manipulation of Book Movable Platform Robot Controller Graphical User Interface Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) Java Script (JS) JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Structured Query Language (SQL) My Structured Query Language (MySQL) XAMPP (X-cross Platform, A-Apache, M-MySQL, P-PHP, P-Perl) Book Navigation and Path Planning for Library System Location Guidance Systems Web Application Development Path Planning Algorithm Routing Methods for Path Planning Summary Objectives and Assumptions Web Application for Path Planning in a Library System Add Books Book List Search Books Navigate Book Location Logic Based Path Planning (LBPP) Algorithm Web Application Based Path Planning Simulation Development of Mobile Platform Prototype Conclusion/Summary Important Websites References 8 Design, Control, and Data Management for Cleaning-in-Place (CIP) Test Rig Used in Process Industries Contents Introduction Classification of CIP Based on Number of Stages Three-Stage CIP Five-Stage CIP Seven-Stage CIP CIP System Design: A Case Study in Industry Vessel Calculations Pump Calculations Selection of Components PLC Programming SCADA Screen Development and Programming HMI Screens Development and Programming Real-Time Data Collection Program Validation on Hardware Inference Conclusion Future Scope References 9 Control and Informatics for Demand Response and Renewables Integration Contents Introduction Related Work Smart Grid Communications Networked Control Systems Models and Technical Underpinning General Configuration Fault-Tolerant Playback Buffer Design Buffer Operation Buffer Sizing Supervisory Controller Design Implementation, Validation, and Illustrative Example Illustrative Example: Model Configuration Illustrative Example: Statistical Delay Model Illustrative Example: HIL Results Summary and Conclusions References Part II Industry 4.0: Mode of Materials, Technology, and Devices 10 From Industry 4.0 to Pharma 4.0 Contents Introduction Industry 4.0 Drug Development Life Cycle Drug Discovery Preclinical Studies Clinical Trials Post-Market Surveillance Computer and IT Application in Drug Development: Pharma 3.0 Computer in Drug Discovery Computer in Preclinical Studies Computer in Clinical Researches Pharma 4.0 Ecosystem Pharma 4.0 and the Need for Data Integrity The Requirement of Cloud Computing in Pharma 4.0 The Need for Artificial Intelligence in Pharma 4.0 Conclusion References 11 OHS-Related Risks in an Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Plant Contents Introduction Industry 4.0: Toward an Industrial Cognitive Revolution Collaborative Robots: New Contributions Lead to New Risks Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV): New Philosophy and New OHS Challenges Big Data and Cloud Computing: How Safe Is it? Cyber-Physical System and Internet of Things: Cybersecurity Issues Lead to Health and Safety Problems Learned Lessons and Recommendations Limitations of This Work Special Pandemic Mention Conclusion References 12 Open-Source Framework Based on LoRaWAN IoT Technology for Building Monitoring and Its Integration into BIM Models Contents Abbreviations Introduction Materials and Methods Test Methodology Description of the Developed Framework Results and Discussion End User Application Validation of the Gateway Performance and Monitored Values Analysis Conclusions References 13 Metal Additive Manufacturing Technology Applications in Defense Organizations Contents Introduction Metal Additive Technologies Classification of Metal Additive Technologies Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Binder Jetting (BJ) Impact of Metal AM to the Life Cycle of a Defense Part Defense Organizations Supply Chain Unique Features of the Supply Chain at Defense Applications Critical Points of the Defense Supply Chain for AM Integration New Production Paradigms Enabled by AM Integration Design Innovation In-Field Additive Manufacturing Lab Challenges for Integration of AM in a Production Line for Defense Parts Process Certification Challenges Process Monitoring and Control Material Inspection Standardization Metal AM Material Handling Safety Part Certification Challenges Operating Conditions AM in Cold Climate AM at Sea AM in Hot and Dusty Conditions Framework for Integration of AM in Defense Applications Application Fields Conclusions and Outlook References 14 Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Part Using Fused Deposition Modeling: Influence of Process Parameters Contents Introduction Additive Manufacturing Generic Process of AM Fused Deposition Modeling Process Process Parameters of FDM Influence of Build Orientation on the Tensile Behavior of FDM Influence of Process Parameters on Other Mechanical Behavior of FDM Samples Influence of Raster Angle on the Mechanical Behavior of FDM Parts Conclusion References 15 Product Lifecycle Management (PLM): A Key Enabler in Implementation of Industry 4.0 Contents Introduction Digital Manufacturing: A Global Perspective Industry 4.0: The Smart Era of Manufacturing Internet of Things (IoT) in Industry 4.0 Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in Industry 4.0 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Industry 4.0 Big Data Analytics in Industry 4.0 Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0 Simulation in Industry 4.0 Robotics in Industry 4.0 Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) in Industry 4.0 Horizontal and Vertical Integration in Industry 4.0 Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) PLM in Industry 4.0 PLM for Collaborations in Industry 4.0 Scenario Data Protection in Industry 4.0 Via PLM Bill of Materials (BOM) Management in Industry 4.0 Via PLM Project Management in Industry 4.0 Via PLM Variant Management in Industry 4.0 Via PLM Traceability Requirements Management in Industry 4.0 Via PLM Benefits of Incorporating PLM in Industry 4.0 Context Challenges and Future Directions for PLM in Industry 4.0 Context Conclusions References 16 Zero Waste as an Approach to Develop a Clean and Sustainable Society Contents Abbreviations Introduction Concept of Zero Waste: Why Zero Waste (ZW)? Zero Waste Approach via Sustainable Material Zero Waste and Design of Sustainable Society Waste Typology Zero Waste Index (ZWI) 3R Approach Classification and Evaluation of Zero Waste Study Approaches for Recycling of Zero Waste Waste Generation and Sustainable Consumption Strategy for Management of Waste Generation of Waste Collection of Waste Processing of Waste Disposal of waste Recycled Content and Recycling Rates Metabolism of Linear to Circular Society Urban Metabolism and Waste Management Municipal Waste Management Challenges and Opportunities in Transformation of Cities into Zero Waste Cities Conclusion Related websites References 17 Role of Industry 4.0 in Maintaining Sustainable Production and Services Contents Introduction Industry 4.0 and Underpinning Technologies “Additive Manufacturing” “Simulation” “Cloud Computing” “Industrial IoT” “Cybersecurity” Industry 4.0 and Sustainability Sustainability in Manufacturing Products Opportunities and Concepts Sustainability in Manufacturing Products and Services Uses of Sustainability in Manufacturing Products and Services Scopes of Sustainability in Manufacturing Products and Services Smart Production Technical Influence of Smart Production Influence of Smart Production on Economic System Social Influences of Smart Production Influences of Smart Production System on Environment How Industry 4.0 Can Manage Sustainable Production? Advanced Management and Production Sustainable Services The Impact of Sustainable Services Advanced Management and Services Conclusion Important Websites for Further Information References 18 Biomass as Sustainable Material for Bioethanol Production Contents Introduction Biomass Resources of Bioethanol First-Generation Feedstock Sugarcane Maize Sweet Sorghum Wheat Cassava Sugar Beet Sweet Fruits Second-Generation Feedstock Agricultural Residue Forest Residue Urban Waste and Other Wastes Grass Species Third-Generation Feedstock Fourth Generation Properties of Bioethanol Process of Bioethanol Production Pretreatment First Stage Hydrolysis Second Stage Hydrolysis Types of Pretreatment Physical Pretreatment Chemical Pretreatment Biological Pretreatment Fermentation Purification Microorganisms Biocatalyst for Ethanol Production Problems Related with Production of Bioethanol Conclusion References 19 Machine Learning–Enhanced Decision-Making Contents Introduction Defining Machine Learning Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning Data Pre-processing Source Data Analysis Data Attributes Pre-processing of Variable Data Pre-processing of Categorical Variables Missing Data Data Visualization Data Representativeness Section Conclusions Type of Machine Learning Models Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Classification Algorithms Binary Classification Multi-class Classification Multi-Symbol Classification Imbalanced Classification Regression Algorithms Clustering Algorithms Centroid and k-Means Algorithms K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm(KNN) Fuzzy c-Means Algorithm Prediction Anomaly Detection Example Application: Machine Learning-Based System for Real-Time Inattention Detection Aims Background Machine Learning-Based Methods Previous Machine Learning-Based Approaches Deployment Approach Application Outcomes Section Conclusions Summary Glossary References 20 Industry 4.0: Cloud–Assisted Internet of Things Applications and Challenges Contents Introduction The Cloud-Assisted IoT Models CIoT Infrastructure Model CIoT Virtualization Model CIoT Application Model Cloud-Assisted IoT Application Domains Cloud Manufacturing Application Domain The Cloud Manufacturing (CM) Paradigm The Cloud-Assisted IoT Manufacturing (CIoTM) Paradigm Cloud-Assisted IoT Manufacturing (CIoTM) Applications Cloud-Assisted IoT Manufacturing (CIoTM) in a Wind Farm Healthcare 4.0 Application Domain Healthcare Applications Applications Distributed into the CIoT Tiers CIoT VNs for the Healthcare Applications Agriculture 4.0 Application Domain Definitions and Technologies Applications Smart Irrigation Application Logistic and Transport Application Challenges and Future Directions References 21 Anticancer Natural Alkaloids as Drug Bank Targeting Biomolecules Contents Introduction Natural Alkaloids with Reference to Anticancer Effect: Its Sources and Types Targeted Biomolecules by Anticancer Natural Alkaloids Anticancer Natural Alkaloids Targeting Nucleic Acids Some of the Biologically Significant and Important Nucleic Acid-Binding Anticancer Natural Alkaloids Targeting Enzymes, Viz., Topoisomerases I and II, Telomerase, DNA Polymerase, and RNA Polymerase Associated with Nucleic Acids Anticancer Natural Alkaloids Targeting Cellular Proteins, Enzymes, and Growth Factors Targeting Kinases Related to Tumor Proliferation, Progression, and Metastasis Targeting Tubulin Polymerization Targeting Apoptosis-Related Biomarkers Targeting Transcription Factors Controlling Expression of Cancer Gene Targeting Histone Deacetylases to Cause Genomic Instability Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapy Targeting Heat Shock Protein (Hsp90) Related to Oncoprotein Maturity Targeting the Markers Related to the Cancer Drug Resistance Carbohydrate Target by Small Molecules as Anticancer Alkaloids Anticancer Natural Alkaloids Targeting Lipid Metabolism Concluding Remarks References 22 Mode of Materials, Technology, and Devices Contents Introduction Nanomaterials Methods of Synthesis of Nanoparticles Chemical Methods Precipitation Methods Emulsion Precipitation Method Co-precipitation Method Sol-Gel Method Immobilization Methods Citrate Complexation Gelation Method Penchini Method Low Temperature Combustion Methods (LCS) Properties of Nanostructured Materials Physical Properties Chemical Properties Characterization Techniques of Nanostructured Materials Size Surface Area Composition Surface Morphology Surface Charge Crystallography Applications Cosmetics and Sunscreens Electronics Nanocomposites as Sensing Material Catalysis Medicine Food Construction Conclusion References 23 IoT-Based Medication Reminder Devices: Design and Implementation Contents Introduction Block Diagram of the System NodeMCU ESP8266 Features Working Principle of ESP8266 System Peripherals Infrared (IR) Sensor Active IR Sensor Passive IR Sensor IR Sensor Working Principle IR Transmitter or IR LED Light Emitting Diode (LED) Buzzer Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Features Real-Time Clock (RTC) Module DS3231 RTC Module Features Introduction to IoT Architecture of IoT Block Diagram of IoT IoT Gateways Sensors and Controllers Implementation of IoT-Based Medicine Reminder System Arduino IDE Installation Steps to Arduino IDE Step 2: Download Arduino IDE Software Step 3: Power up your Board Step 4: Launch Arduino IDE Step 5: Open your First Project Step 6: Select your Arduino Board Step 7: Select your Serial Port Step 8: Upload the Program to your Board Salient Features NodeMCU Libraries #Include #Include #Include #Include -Library for I2C Communication- #Include Blynk App Components of Blynk App Libraries Configuring SMTP Setting up SMTP2Go Encoding to Base64 Value System Flowchart Project Setup Interfacing Modules LCD and RTC Module with NodeMCU Buzzer with NodeMCU IR Sensor with NodeMCU Medicine Reminder through Blynk App Acknowledgment Via Gmail Deployment of the Proposed System Summary References 24 Ionic Liquids: The Smart Materials in Process Industry Contents Introduction Ionic Liquids What Is Ionic Liquid? Origin Classification of Ionic Liquids Advantages over Organic Solvents Applications of Ionic Liquids Separations Separation of Biologically Relevant Compounds Separation of Organics Separation of Proteins Separation of Hormones, Alkaloids, and Vitamins Separation of Antibiotics Separation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Fuel Desulfurization Metal Separations CO2 Capture and Gas Separation Reaction Catalyst and Additives Solvents for Synthesis and Catalyst Applications Analytical and Chromatography Analytical Chemistry Liquid Chromatography Gas Chromatography Capillary Electrophoresis Electro Processes Electrochemical Gas Sensor Electrochemistry Electrophoresis Other Applications Biodiesel Production Space Technology Starch Chemistry Surfactant Chemistry Nanoparticle Stabilizers Polymer Science Drug Delivery Lubricants Batteries Biological Aid Engineering Rare Earth Elements Extraction Conclusion Few Important Websites References 25 Microstructure Analysis and Multi-objective Optimization of Pulsed TIG Welding of 316/316L Austenite Stainless Steel Contents Introduction Steps in RSM Selection of Base Material and Their Mechanical Properties Input Parameters with Their Working Range Design of Experiment Statistical Analysis for Bead Width Using RSM Development and Evaluation of Regression Equation: Bead Width Adequacy Check of the Mathematical Model for Bead Width Perturbation Plot (Bead Width) Response Surface Plot: Bead Width Conclusion: Bead Width Statistical Analysis for the Depth of Penetration Using RSM Development and Evaluation of Regression Equation: Depth of Penetration Adequacy Check of the Mathematical Model for the Depth of Penetration Perturbation Plot: Depth of Penetration Response Surface Plot: Depth of Penetration Microstructure Analysis Mechanical Property Before PWHT Mechanical Property After PWHT Optical Micrograph of Base Metal and Weld Metal Before PWHT Optical Micrograph Weld Metal After PWHT at 800 C Conclusion References 26 Role of IoT in Universal Design Contents Introduction Universal Design Objective of Universal Design Definition of Universal Design Universal Design Principles Universal Design as a Problem-Solving Approach Internet of Things [IoT] IoT Timeline Characteristics of IoT Application of IoT Wearables Smart Cities Healthcare Smart Home Appliances Industrial Automation IoT in Today's World Relationship Between U.D. and IoT Conclusion Websites References 27 Nanobiomaterials Administration in Modernization of Biological Science: Current Status and Future Potential Contents Introduction Classification of Nanobiomaterials Ceramic-Based Nanobiomaterials Semiconductor-Based Nanobiomaterials Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanobiomaterials Silica-Based Nanobiomaterials Polymeric-Based Nanobiomaterials Dendrimers Composites Carbon-Based Nanobiomaterials Fullerenes Carbon Nanotubes Metal-Based Nanobiomaterials Lipid-Based Nanobiomaterials Manufacturing of Nanobiomaterials Top-Down Approach Bottom-Up Approach Some Other Routes for the Preparation of Nanobiomaterials Water-in-Oil (W/O) Emulsification Technique Coacervation (Desolvation) Process Heat-Assisted Gelation Mechanism Nano Spray Drying Procedure Nanoparticle Bioproducts Characterization Particle Size Characterization Morphological Characterization Surface Charge Characterization Separation and Purification of Nanoparticle Bio-products Application of Nanobiomaterials Overcoming the Multidrug Resistance (MDR) of Cancer Cells Controlling Cellular Factors Responsible for MDR Targeting DNA Repair Mechanism Targeting Hypoxia Targeting Extracellular pH Stability of Nanoparticles During Drug Delivery Nanodelivery Systems for Overcoming the Current Problems for Central Nervous System (CNS) Disease Therapy Liposomes Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) Polymeric Nanoparticles Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions Therapeutic Applications of Nanomaterials as a Gene Delivery Carrier Plasmid DNA RNA Interference Small Interfering RNA Limitations to Be Overcome for Developing Ideal Genetic Vector Targeted Drug Delivery Passive Targeting Active Targeting Gold Nanoparticles (AuNP)-Based Drug Delivery and Molecular Imaging Au NPs for Drug Delivery Au NPs for Gene Delivery Au NPs for Protein Delivery Au NPs for Vaccine Delivery Au NP-Based Molecular Imaging Administration of Advanced Nanomaterials-Based Vaccines to Address Infectious Diseases Liposomes Emulsions Synthetic Polymer-Based Nanodelivery Systems Natural Biopolymers-Based Nanodelivery Systems Carbon-Based Nanodelivery Systems Utilization of Nanomaterials in Biofuels and Bioenergy Sector Nanotechnology in Bioenergy Production from Microalgal Biomass Nano-Additives in Biodiesel for Diesel Engines Application of Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Bioethanol and FAMEs Production Nanomaterials Specific Applications in Food Science Nanotechnology in Food Processing Nanotechnology in Food Packaging Nanodelivery-Mediated Nutraceuticals Potential Risk Associated with Use of Nanoparticles Summary Future Challenges and Industrial Potential References 28 Adoption of Dematerialization Practices in Knowledge Societies in Order to Achieve Sustainable Outcomes Contents Introduction Dematerialization in a Framework Stage 0: Personal Motivation Stage 1: Knowledge Atmosphere Stage 2: Personal Consciousness Stage 3: Social Metabolism Stage 4: Ethics of Life Cycle Stage 5: Dematerialization Conclusion References 29 A Perspective on the Frictional Properties of Soft Materials as Smart Applications Contents Introduction Mathematical Models of Frictional Properties Modeling of Dynamic Friction Modeling of Stress Relaxation Process Modeling of Static Friction Analysis of Frictional Behavior of Gelatin Hydrogels Analysis of Dynamic Frictional Stress Analysis of Stress Relaxation Process Analysis of Static Frictional Stress Application of Present Study in Development of Smart Materials and Devices Notations References 30 Butterflies: A New Source of Inspiration for Futuristic Aerial Robotics Contents Introduction Butterflies as New Inspiration Butterfly Communication Strategies Simulations and Robotic Experiments Bflies to Capture Simultaneous Peaks in Multimodal Functions Bflybots: Multirobotic Platform for Implementing Butterfly Mating Phenomenon Single Source Detection with Various Initial Placements and Stepsizes Bflybots for Detection and Colocating the Static Light Sources Bflybots for Chasing and Interception of Dynamic Light Sources Comparisons with Existing Optimization Algorithms Prospective and Works-in-Progress Mid-Sea Ship Detection Using Satellite Image Data Set Butterflies for Water and Aerial Search Applications Simultaneous Earthquake Prediction and Detection with Satellite Constellation Analysis and Discussion Related Weblinks References 31 Significance of Bracing Accessories for Improved Workability: An EMG Assessment Contents Introduction Intervention to Minimize the Musculoskeletal Distress Among Textile Workers Investigation Protocol for Hand Screen Printing Process Selection of Muscles and Electrode Placement Instruments Used for Analyzing Muscle Engagement Intervention Measurement Techniques Analysis of EMG and Statistical Data Effect of Ergonomic Intervention on Workability Effects of Footwear and Knee Braces on Muscle Activity Variation Effects of Knee Braces on Knee Flexion Effect of Time on Muscle Activity Variation Effect of Time on Muscle Activity Variation Root Causes and Intervention to Improve Workability Conclusion References 32 Design, Implementation, and Experimental Study on 3-RPS Parallel Manipulator-Based Cervical Collar Therapy Device for Elderly Patients Suffering from Cervical Spine Injuries Contents Introduction Anatomical and Biomechanical Considerations and Devices Sensor Interface for Controlling the Cervical Collar Conclusion References 33 Performance Comparison of Two-Stage LED Driver for Tube Light Applications Contents Introduction Mono-stage LED Driver Topology Solitary Stage LLC LED Driver Design of PFC Boost Converter Design of LLC Resonant Converter Boost Buck LED Driver Boost Converter Design Buck Converter Design Input LC Filter Design Performance Analysis Conclusion Websites for References References 34 Design and Development of Automated VerticalFarming Setup Contents Introduction Related Works Systems Design The Vertical Stack System The Stacker The Mobile Robot The Plant Tray Sensor Setup Communication Interface Observations Arena Sequence of Operation 3.3 Mobile Robot Navigation Kinematic General Model Kinematic Computational Model Quadrature Decoding Robot Alignment Paradigm Observation and Discussion Conclusion Future Scope References 35 Research Methodology for Augmenting a Gait Cycle of Lower-Body Exoskeleton, by Using a Data of Mathematical Modeling and Motion Study of a Specific User While Obtaining a Customized Gait for Joint Actuation of Exoskeleton Contents Introduction Literature Review Gait Cycle Analysis and Torque Estimation Step I: Gait Cycle Analysis Step II: Torque Estimations Hip and Knee Torque Calculations for Stance Phase Hip and Knee Torque Calculations at Swing Stage Simulation of Two-Legged Robotic Structure Results and Discussion Summary of Results Future Scope Conclusion References 36 Intelligent, Automated, and Web Application-Based Cradle Monitoring System Contents Introduction Literature Survey Working of the Cradle Block Diagram Algorithm and Working of Modules Automatic Cradle Movement Live Streaming and Parental Controls Call Alert Through the Cloud Intelligent Cradle Monitoring System Web Portal Live Streaming Future Scope Conclusion Important Websites References 37 Review on Deep Learning Algorithms in Medical Devices Contents Introduction Types of Medical Software Medical Device: Definition Medical Devices Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Deep Learning in Health Care Unsupervised Learning K Means Algorithm K Means Clustering Subgroups Hierarchical Clustering Fuzzy Algorithm Probabilistic Distribution Clustering in Hierarchical Scheme K Nearest Neighbors Algorithm PCA Algorithm (Principal Components Analysis) Rules in Association Dimensionality Reduction Regression Algorithm Linear Regression Logistic Regression Decision Tree Algorithm Naïve Bayes Classifier Algorithm Support Vector Machine Algorithm Semi-Supervised Learning Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Applications Artificial Intelligence in Surgery Autonomous Surgical Devices Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Robotics Weak Artificial Intelligence Strong Artificial Intelligence Specialized Artificial intelligence Real-Time Examples Artificial Intelligence in Robotic Applications Assembly Packaging Customer Service Open Source Robotics Conclusion References 38 Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of Wheeled In-Pipe Inspection Mobile Robot Contents Introduction Kinematics of In-Pipe Inspection Robot Modeling and Analysis of the Robot Modeling: A Case Study Analysis: A Case Study Comparison of Motion Study Conclusion References Part III Industry 4.0: Applications 39 Cloud Hadoop for Enterprise Collaboration System Contents Introduction Hadoop for the Syntax and Semantics Cloud Data Integration Extract Data from the Web Load the Extracted Data into the HBase Tables Transform/Off-Load Data Using Hadoop Hive's Schema-on-Read Loading Data from HDFS to External Hive Table Creating a New Internal Hive Table with a New Custom Schema Extracting the Data from an External Hive Table and Copying It into the New Schema in an Internal Hive Table Conclusion References 40 Smart Devices in Healthcare Sector: Applications Contents Introduction Devices Orthopedic Devices Wearable Devices Smart Inhalers Metered Dose Inhaler Inhalation Sensor Smart Mist Device MDILog Pulse Sensor Device Temperature Sensing Device Application of Smart Sensor Smart Sensor for Gastrointestinal Tract Smart Sensors for Liver Smart Sensors for Lungs Smart Sensor for Eyes Surgery and Its Management Smart Sensors for Brain Disease Cardiac and Motor Activity Monitor Smart Sensors for Parkinson's Diseases Devices in Management of Metabolic Disorder Challenges Conclusion and Future Perspectives Important websites References 41 Oil and Gas Upstream Sector: The use of IEC-61499 and OPC Contents Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results from Literature Review State of Technology OPC-UA Information Model from OPC-UA Security from OPC-UA IEC 61499 standard IEC 61499 Specifications Architecture Framework platform for IEC-61499 Development environment: 4DIAC-IDE Execution Environment: FORTE OPC-UA And IEC 61499 SIFBs for Integration of Communications within Industry 4.0 Architectures Set of SIFBs for OPC-UA Service Interface Function Block for implement an OPC-UA server Service Interface Function Block for implement an OPC-UA server dynamically Service Interface Function Block for implement an OPCUA Client Read Service Interface Function Block for implement an OPCUA Client Write Service Interface Function Block for implement an OPCUA Client Subscribe Case Study Conclusions and Ongoing Work References 42 Lower Extremity Exoskeleton Device for Motion Assistance and Gait Rehabilitation: Design Considerations Contents Introduction Market Survey Preliminary Design of the Lower Extremity Exoskeleton Device Modifications in the Preliminary Design Proof-of-Concept Design of Lower Extremity Exoskeleton Device Comparative Cost Analysis: Preliminary Design Versus Proof-of-Concept Design Conclusions References 43 Fuzzy Member