HVAC Design Sourcebook

THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE TO HVAC DESIGN This practical manual describes the HVAC system design process step by step using photographs, drawings, and a discussion of pertinent design considerations for different types of HVAC components and systems. Photographs of HVAC components in their installed condition illustrate actual size and proper configuration. Graphical representations of the components as they should appear on construction drawings are also included. Learn how to design HVAC systems accurately and efficiently from this detailed resource. HVAC DESIGN SOURCEBOOK COVERS: The design process HVAC load calculations Codes and standards Coordination with other design disciplines Piping, valves, and specialties Central plant equipment and design Air system equipment and design Piping and ductwork distribution systems Terminal equipment Noise and vibration control Automatic temperature controls Construction drawings Contents 10 Preface 14 Acknowledgments 16 1 What Is HVAC? 20 2 The Design Process 22 HVAC Load Calculations 22 Terms 23 Geographical Location 24 Building Materials 25 Unconditioned Spaces 27 Conditioned Spaces 27 Zones 29 Air Systems 29 Central Plant 30 Codes and Standards 30 Codes 30 Standards 31 System Selection 31 Design Team Members 32 Design Submissions 33 Schematic Design 33 Design Development 34 Construction Documents 47 Endnotes 52 3 Piping, Valves, and Specialties 54 Pipe, Fittings, and Joints 55 Steel Pipe 55 Steel Pipe Fittings and Joints 56 Specification for Steel Pipe, Fittings, and Joints 58 Copper Tube 59 Copper Fittings and Joints 60 Specification for Copper Tube, Fittings, and Joints 61 Valves 61 Functions 62 Types 63 Operating Conditions 79 Materials 82 Ends 83 Specialties 83 Meters 83 Pressure Gauges 86 Test Plugs 87 Strainers 87 Suction Diffusers 88 Flexible Pipe Connectors 89 Air Vents and Drains 89 Endnotes 93 4 Central Plant 96 Heating Equipment 96 Boilers 96 Heat Exchangers 110 Cooling Equipment 118 Chillers 118 Cooling Towers 133 Auxiliary Hydronic Equipment 142 Air Separator 142 Chemical Treatment 145 Expansion Tank 146 Makeup Water Assembly 149 Pumps 151 4-Pipe and 2-Pipe Heating and Cooling Plants 156 Design Considerations 156 Water-Source Heat Pump Plant 161 Design Considerations 164 Equipment Room Design 164 Endnotes 167 5 Air Systems 170 Air System Types 171 HVAC Air Systems 172 Ventilation Air Systems 180 Air Pressurization Calculations 190 Air System Equipment 191 Physical Characteristics 191 Connections 197 Design Considerations 205 Endnotes 209 6 Piping and Ductwork Distribution Systems 212 Equations and Conversion Factors 212 Piping Systems 213 General Design Guidelines 213 Hydronic System Design Fundamentals 224 Low-Pressure Steam System Design Fundamentals 229 Insulation 238 Duct Systems 239 Construction 239 General Design Guidelines 245 Air Devices 256 Coordination With Other Disciplines 259 Endnotes 260 7 Terminal Equipment 264 Heating-Only Equipment 266 Finned-Tube Radiators 266 Electric Radiators 268 Duct Heating Coils 268 Unit Heaters 271 Cabinet Unit Heaters 273 Heating and Cooling Equipment 275 Fan-Coil Units 275 Ductless Split-System Units 282 Variable Air Volume Terminal Units 287 Similarities of Single-Duct and Fan-Powered VAV Terminal Units 287 Single-Duct VAV Terminal Units 292 Fan-Powered VAV Terminal Units 295 Comparison 300 Coordination With Other Disciplines 301 Endnotes 301 8 Noise and Vibration Control 304 Noise Control 304 Sound Power and Sound Pressure 304 Tonal Qualities of Sound 305 Balanced and Unbalanced Sound 305 A-Weighted Sound Pressure Level 305 Outdoor Noise 306 Indoor Noise 307 Vibration Control 310 Equipment Hangers and Supports 310 Flexible Pipe and Duct Connectors 312 Additional Resources 312 Endnotes 312 9 Automatic Temperature Controls 314 Components 315 Input 315 Output 321 Connections 333 Systems 333 Hot Water Cabinet Unit Heater 334 Parallel Fan-Powered Variable Air Volume Terminal Unit 335 VAV Air Handling Unit 336 Building Automation Systems 342 BAS Architecture 342 Communication 344 Interoperability 344 Endnotes 345 10 Construction Drawings 348 Legend and Abbreviations 348 Terminology 348 Notes on Drawings 351 General Notes 351 Drawing Notes 353 Key Notes 354 Linework 354 Computer-Aided Design Considerations 355 CAD Standard 356 Model Files 356 Sheet Files 356 Other Conventions 357 Demolition Plans 357 New Work Plans 359 Section Drawings 361 Large-Scale Plans 362 Details 362 Schedules 369 Diagrams 369 Flow Diagrams 372 Riser Diagrams 373 ATC Diagrams 375 Endnotes 377 Index 380 A 382 B 384 C 384 D 386 E 389 F 389 G 390 H 391 I 391 J 392 K 392 L 392 M 392 N 393 O 393 P 393 Q 394 R 394 S 394 T 396 U 396 V 396 W 397 Z 398