Ideals and Ideologies : A Reader

Although the word "liberal" was not used to describe a political position until the early 1800s, John Locke (1632-1704) usually is considered the first philosopher to take a clearly liberal perspective on political matters. The power of a political society or "commonwealth," Locke claimed, is limited to the protection of its members' "civil interests." These include life, liberty, and property, but not the private sphere of religious belief-as he argued in A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689). In his Second Treatise of Government-published in 1690 after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, but written earlier-Locke began from premises quite similar to those of Thomas Hobbes, but arrived at conclusions more recognizably liberal. Everyone has a natural right to life, liberty, and property, Locke said, and no one has authority over us without our consent. Any government that violates our rights releases us from any obligation to obey it and may, indeed, entitle us to overthrow it and establish a new government. Ideals And Ideologies: A Readeris A Comprehensive Compilation Of Classic And Contemporary Readings Representing All Of The Major ''isms''. It Offers Students A Generous Sampling Of Key Thinkers In Different Ideological Traditions And Places Them In Their Historical And Political Contexts. Used On Its Own Or With Political Ideologies And The Democratic Ideal, The Anthology Accounts For The Different Ways People Use Ideology And Conveys The Continuing Importance Of Ideas In Politics. New To This 11thedition: Alexander Keyssar, Voter Suppression, Then And Now. (a Distinguished Historian Traces The Tawdry History Of Attempts, Successful And Unsuccessful, To Disenfranchise Voters.) Andrew Sullivan, Democracies End When They Become Too Democratic. (an Eminent Conservative Commentator And Author Argues That, Under Certain Circumstances, Democracies Pose A Danger To Their Very Own Existence.) Timothy Egan, The Dumbed Down Democracy. (a Prominent Author And Columnist Argues That American Democracy Has Been Dumbed Down Due, In Large Part, To The Absence Of Civic Education In The Public School Curriculum.) Max Boot And David Brooks Conservatives Assess Trump (two Leading Contemporary Conservatives Ponder The Fundamental Ideological Problems The Current President Poses For The Movement, And Consider The Ways In Which Donald Trump Is---and Isn''t---a True Conservative. Eugene V. Debs--speech To The Conference For Progressive Political Action. (an Early 20th Century American Socialist And Former Presidential Candidate Articulates His Vision For A New Workers'' Party That Would Challenge Capitalism In The United States.) Robert Kagan, This Is How Fascism Comes To America. (a Prominent Neoconservative Historian Detects Disturbing Parallels Between The Rise Of Donald Trump And That Of Various Interwar Fascists.) Erik Loomis, A New Chapter In The Black Liberation Movement (an American Historian Makes The Case For Black Liberation With A Particularly Compelling Case Study: How Prisoners (mainly Black) Work Essentially As Slaves In Both Public And For-profit Prisons In The United States.) Black Lives Matter---a Vision For Black Lives: Demands For Black Power, Freedom & Justice. (leaders Of The Black Lives Matter Movement Set Forth Their Basic Ideological Beliefs And Public Policy Prescriptions.) Josephine Livingstone, The Task Ahead For Feminism. (the Author Argues That Much Remains To Be Done After The #metoo Moment.) Tor And Author Argues That, Under Certain Circumstances, Democracies Pose A Danger To Their Very Own Existence.) Timothy Egan, The Dumbed Down Democracy. (a Prominent Author And Columnist Argues That American Democracy Has Been Dumbed Down Due, In Large Part, To The Absence Of Civic Education In The Public School Curriculum.) Max Boot And David Brooks Conservatives Assess Trump (two Leading Contemporary Conservatives Ponder The Fundamental Ideological Problems The Current President Poses For The Movement, And Consider The Ways In Which Donald Trump Is---and Isn''t---a True Conservative. Eugene V. Debs--speech To The Conference For Progressive Political Action. (an Early 20th Century American Socialist And Former Presidential Candidate Articulates His Vision For A New Workers'' Party That Would Challenge Capitalism In The United States.) Robert Kagan, This Is How Fascism Comes To America. (a Prominent Neoconservative Historian Detects Disturbing Parallels Between The Rise Of Donald Trump And That Of Various Interwar Fascists.) Erik Loomis, A New Chapter In The Black Liberation Movement (an American Historian Makes The Case For Black Liberation With A Particularly Compelling Case Study: How Prisoners (mainly Black) Work Essentially As Slaves In Both Public And For-profit Prisons In The United States.) Black Lives Matter---a Vision For Black Lives: Demands For Black Power, Freedom & Justice. (leaders Of The Black Lives Matter Movement Set Forth Their Basic Ideological Beliefs And Public Policy Prescriptions.) Josephine Livingstone, The Task Ahead For Feminism. (the Author Argues That Much Remains To Be Done After The #metoo Moment.) S.) Robert Kagan, This Is How Fascism Comes To America. (a Prominent Neoconservative Historian Detects Disturbing Parallels Between The Rise Of Donald Trump And That Of Various Interwar Fascists.) Erik Loomis, A New Chapter In The Black Liberation Movement (an American Historian Makes The Case For Black Liberation With A Particularly Compelling Case Study: How Prisoners (mainly Black) Work Essentially As Slaves In Both Public And For-profit Prisons In The United States.) Black Lives Matter---a Vision For Black Lives: Demands For Black Power, Freedom & Justice. (leaders Of The Black Lives Matter Movement Set Forth Their Basic Ideological Beliefs And Public Policy Prescriptions.) Josephine Livingstone, The Task Ahead For Feminism. (the Author Argues That Much Remains To Be Done After The #metoo Moment.) Metoo Moment.) Cover Half Title Title Copyright Dedication CONTENTS Preface to the Eleventh Edition About the Editors Introduction Part 1 The Concept of Ideology 1.1 Ideology: The Career of a Concept Part 2 The Democratic Ideal: Historical and Philosophical Foundations 2.2 Democracy and Despotism 2.3 Funeral Oration 2.4 Democratic Judgment and the “Middling” Constitution 2.5 What’s Wrong With Princely Rule? 2.6 What Is a Republic? 2.7 Bill of Rights of the United States 2.8 Democracy and Equality 2.9 Democratic Participation and Political Education 2.10 Voter Suppression, Then and Now 2.11 Democracies End When They Are Too Democratic 2.12 The Dumbed Down Democracy Part 3 Liberalism 3.13 The State of Nature and the Basis of Obligation 3.14 Toleration and Government 3.15 Government, Rights, and the Freedom of Generations 3.16 Declaration of Independence of the United States 3.17 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens 3.18 Private Profit, Public Good 3.19 Freedom and Enlightenment 3.20 Liberty and Individuality 3.21 William Graham Sumner—According to the Fitness of Things 3.22 Liberalism and Positive Freedom 3.23 Commonwealth Club Address 3.24 “To Fulfi ll These Rights”: Speech at Howard University 3.25 The Conscience of a Liberal 3.26 Paternalism vs. Democracy: A Libertarian View 3.27 Libertarian Anarchism 3.28 A Libertarian Utopia Part 4 Conservatism 4.29 Society, Reverence, and the “True Natural Aristocracy” 4.30 Conservatism as Reaction 4.31 On Being Conservative 4.32 Ten Conservative Principles 4.33 Modern American Conservatism 4.34 The Neoconservative Persuasion 4.35 Conservatives Assess Trump Part 5 Socialism and Communism: From More to Marx 5.36 Utopia 5.37 Address to the Inhabitants of New Lanark 5.38 The Communist Manifesto 5.39 On the Materialist Conception of History Part 6 Socialism and Communism After Marx 6.40 Evolutionary Socialism 6.41 Revisionism, Imperialism, and Revolution 6.42 The Permanent Revolution 6.43 On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship 6.44 Anarcho-Communism vs. Marxism 6.45 Anarchism: What It Really Stands For 6.46 Speech to the Conference for Progressive Political Action 6.47 On Democratic Socialism in the United States Part 7 Fascism 7.48 Civilization and Race 7.49 The Doctrine of Fascism 7.50 The Political Theory of Fascism 7.51 Nation and Race 7.52 This Is How Fascism Comes to America Part 8 Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identity 8.53 What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? 8.54 Race Matters 8.55 A New Chapter in the Black Liberation Movement 8.56 A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for Black Power, Freedom, & Justice 8.57 A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 8.58 Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions 8.59 Oppression 8.60 Feminism Is for Everybody 8.61 The Task Ahead for Feminism 8.62 Homosexuality: The Nature and Harm Arguments 8.63 On Liberation 8.64 Liberation Theology 8.65 All Animals Are Equal Part 9 “Green” Politics: Ecology as Ideology 9.66 Sustainability in the Age of Ecology 9.67 Getting Along With Nature 9.68 Feminism and the Mastery of Nature 9.69 Whose Earth Is It, Anyway? 9.70 Laudato Si’ : On Care for Our Common Home Part 10 Radical Islamism 10.71 Signposts Along the Road 10.72 The Necessity for Islamic Government 10.73 Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders: World Islamic Front Statement 10.74 Declaration of a Caliphate Ideals and Ideologies: A Reader is a comprehensive compilation of classic and contemporary readings representing all of the major "isms." It offers students a generous sampling of key thinkers in different ideological traditions and places them in their historical and political contexts. Used on its own or with Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal, the anthology accounts for the different ways people use ideology and conveys the continuing importance of ideas in politics. New to this 11th Edition: Alexander Keyssar, "Voter Suppression, Then and Now" (a distinguished historian traces the tawdry history of attempts, successful and unsuccessful, to disenfranchise voters). Andrew Sullivan, "Democracies End When They Become Too Democratic" (an eminent conservative commentator and author argues that, under certain circumstances, democracies pose a danger to their very own existence). Timothy Egan, "The Dumbed Down Democracy" (a prominent author and columnist argues that American democracy has been "dumbed down" due, in large part, to the absence of civic education in the public school curriculum). Max Boot and David Brooks, "Conservatives Assess Trump" (two leading contemporary conservatives ponder the fundamental ideological problems the current president poses for the movement, and consider the ways in which Donald Trump is--and isn't--a true conservative). Eugene V. Debs, "Speech to the Conference for Progressive Political Action" (an early 20th-century American socialist and former presidential candidate articulates his vision for a new workers' party that would challenge capitalism in the United States). Robert Kagan, "This is How Fascism Comes to America" (a prominent neoconservative historian detects disturbing parallels between the rise of Donald Trump and that of various interwar fascists). Erik Loomis, "A New Chapter in the Black Liberation Movement" (an American historian makes the case for Black Liberation with a particularly compelling case study: how prisoners (mainly black) work essentially as slaves in both public and for-profit prisons in the United States). Black Lives Matter, "A Vision for Black Lives: Demands for Black Power, Freedom & Justice" (leaders of the Black Lives Matter movement set forth their basic ideological beliefs and public policy prescriptions). Josephine Livingstone, "The Task Ahead for Feminism" (the author argues that much remains to be done after the #MeToo movement) This fully-updated new edition of Politics and the Mass Media in Britain provides a comprehensive introduction to the role of mass communications in politics at all levels, from election campaigns, news reports and lobbying groups to the media activities of pressure groups. The relationship between politics, politicians and the media is a matter of increasingly contentious public debate, as politicans' awareness of the importance of the media becomes more sophisticated amidst rapidly-advancing media technology and control. Providing a review of the nature and content of political communications and of recent theoretical developments, Negrine addresses the issues surrounding today's mass media, including cable and satellite television, investigation of the press, the relationship between the state and broadcasting institutions, and the ever-present question of whether or not Britain needs a media policy. This new edition includes case studies and examples from television and the press; fully-revised text with updated sections on the press, broadcasting and media legislation; and brand new chapters on Europe and globalisation. Preface To The First Edition -- Preface To The Second Edition -- 1. Politics And The Mass Media -- 2. Theories Of The Media -- 3. The British Press -- 4. The British Press: Ownership, Control, Advertising, And Restructuring -- 5. Broadcasting In Britain -- 6. The Politics Of Broadcasting: 'liberty On Parole' -- 7. News And The Production Of News -- 8. 'm Is For Media': The Politics Of Media Pressure -- 9. Political Communication: The Mass Media And General Elections -- 10. The 'new Media': Cable Television, Satellite Broadcasting, And The Future Of British Broadcasting -- 11. Do We Need A National Media Policy? -- Postscript: The Future Of The Bbc -- Notes -- Index. R. Negrine. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 242-259. This book is a comprehensive compilation of classic and contemporary readings representing all of the major "isms." It offers students a generous sampling of key thinkers in different ideological traditions and places them in their historical and political contexts. Used on its own or with Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal, the anthology accounts for the different ways people use ideology and conveys the continuing importance of ideas in politics This edition of "Othello" aims to shed light on the text of the play as we have come to know it, and on our knowledge of its early history. The editor offers a background to the play, discussing major critical issues, the play in performance and the relationship between reading and seeing it. Ideals and Ideologies: A Reader is a comprehensive compilation of classic and original readings representing all of the major 'isms'. It offers students a generous sampling of key thinkers in different ideological traditions and places them in their historical and political contexts.