Image Processing and Data Analysis with ERDAS IMAGINE®

Remotely sensed data, in the form of digital images captured from spaceborne and airborne platforms, provide a rich analytical and observational source of information about the current status, as well as changes occurring in, on, and around the Earth's surface. The data products, or simply images processed from these platforms, provide an additional advantage in that geographic areas or regions of interest can be revisited on a regular cycle. This revisit cycle allows geospatial analysts and natural resource managers to explore changing conditions over time.Image Processing and Data Analysis with ERDAS IMAGINE® explains the principles behind the processing of remotely sensed data in a simple, easy to understand, and'how-to'format. Organized as a step-by-step guide with exercises adapted from original research and using publicly available imagery, such as NASA Landsat, ESA Sentinel-2, Orthophotos, and others, this book gives readers the ability to quickly gain the practical experience needed to navigate the ERDAS IMAGINE® software as well as learn certain applications in Esri's ArcMap ArcGIS for Desktop software and Quantum the GIS (QGIS) open source applications package. It also helps readers to easily move beyond the information presented in this book and tackle more advanced skills.Written by two professors with long experience in remote sensing and image processing, this book is a useful guide and reference for both undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, instructors, managers, and agency professionals who are involved in the study of Earth systems and the environment. Cover......Page 1 Half Title......Page 2 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 Acknowledgments......Page 12 Authors......Page 14 Introduction and Overview......Page 16 Overview......Page 22 Acquiring Remotely Sensed Data......Page 25 Learning Objectives......Page 26 I. Finding and Downloading Data in EarthExplorer......Page 27 II. Automated Method of Importing EarthExplorer and Creating a Multi-Band, Layer Stack, Image in ERDAS IMAGINE......Page 48 III. Finding and Downloading Data in GloVis......Page 55 IV. Displaying Raster Data and Creating a Multi-Band Image in Esri ArcMap ArcGIS for Desktop......Page 60 V. Displaying Raster Data and Creating a Multi-Band Image in Quantum Geographic Information Systems......Page 66 Review Questions......Page 68 Overview......Page 70 Learning Objectives......Page 73 I. Obtaining Required Data in EarthExplorer......Page 74 II. ERDAS IMAGINE Graphic User Interface......Page 77 Exploring ERDAS Help Documents......Page 78 Setting Up Workspace Preferences......Page 80 Opening Images......Page 81 Band Combinations......Page 83 Create a False Color Composite Display Band Combination......Page 85 Opening Multiple Images......Page 87 Review Questions......Page 89 Overview......Page 90 Learning Objectives......Page 91 Display Images—Start Two Viewers (File | New | 2D View)......Page 92 Record Ground Control Points......Page 95 Compute Transformation Matrix......Page 101 Resample the Image......Page 102 Verify Rectification......Page 103 Display Images......Page 107 Ground Control Points......Page 108 Compute Transformation Matrix......Page 110 Resample the Image......Page 111 Verify Rectification......Page 112 Review Questions......Page 114 Image Preprocessing—Orthorectification......Page 116 Getting Started—Orthorectification......Page 117 Defining Camera Properties (Interior Orientation)......Page 120 Selecting Ground Control Points......Page 130 Creating an Orthophoto......Page 135 Viewing the Orthophoto......Page 136 Review Questions......Page 137 Overview......Page 138 Calculating Error in the X and Y Directions......Page 140 Total Root Mean Square Error......Page 141 Review Questions......Page 142 Overview......Page 144 Learning Objectives......Page 145 Loading Stretched and Non-Stretched Images......Page 146 Understanding the Stretch......Page 148 ERDAS IMAGINE and Lookup Tables (LUT Values)......Page 150 Adjusting the Stretch......Page 154 Making Finer Adjustments......Page 158 Review Questions......Page 167 Overview......Page 168 Spatial Image Enhancements......Page 169 Initiate a 3×3 Filter......Page 170 Open the Non-Direction Edge Filter Tool Dialog Window......Page 171 Review Questions......Page 172 Image Digitization and Interpretation Application......Page 174 Learning Objectives......Page 175 Polygon Creation......Page 176 Polyline Creation......Page 182 Manual Drawing......Page 185 Changing the Display Properties of the Digitizing Results......Page 186 Review Questions......Page 187 Overview......Page 188 Obtaining the Required Data (Review)......Page 190 Creating an Image Subset of the Cloud-Free Areas......Page 193 Initiating the Unsupervised Classification......Page 197 Unsupervised Classification Application Approach......Page 198 Creating a Reference Image Subset......Page 203 Assigning Class Categories to the Unsupervised Classification......Page 205 Compare......Page 209 II. Unsupervised Classification in Esri ArcMap ArcGIS for Desktop......Page 211 III. Unsupervised Classification in QGIS......Page 220 Review Questions......Page 227 Overview......Page 228 Learning Objectives......Page 230 Obtaining the Required Data (Review)......Page 231 Initiating the Supervised Classification......Page 233 Supervised Classification Application Approach—Creating a Signature File......Page 234 Tips for Creating the Supervised Classification......Page 239 Compare Using Swipe Tool......Page 240 Compare Using Image Difference Operation (Change Detection)......Page 242 Note on Image-To-Image Change Detection Comparisons......Page 249 Review Questions......Page 250 Overview......Page 252 Learning Objectives......Page 253 I. Feature Project Setup Procedure......Page 254 II. Feature Extraction Procedure......Page 258 Examine the Object-Oriented Classification in ERDAS IMAGINE......Page 266 Review Questions......Page 267 Overview......Page 270 Learning Objectives......Page 271 I. Create a Land-Only Image......Page 272 Initiating the Classification Procedure......Page 273 Create a Thematic Image Recode......Page 274 Create a Binary Image Mask to Remove Water......Page 277 Create a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index......Page 279 Classify the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index......Page 281 Create an Impervious Surface Map (Remove Vegetation)......Page 283 Classify the Impervious Surface Map......Page 285 Combining Output Layers in Model Maker......Page 287 Review Questions......Page 292 Overview......Page 294 Learning Objectives......Page 295 II. Recoding the Supervised Classification......Page 296 III. The Accuracy Assessment Procedure......Page 298 IV. Accuracy Assessment Report Generated from ERDAS IMAGINE......Page 305 Review Questions......Page 308 Learning Objectives......Page 310 Configuring the Stereo Analyst module......Page 311 Making a Digital Stereo Pair......Page 314 Creating Anaglyph Images for Export......Page 319 Delineating in Stereo......Page 321 Review Questions......Page 327 Appendix: Answer to Chapter Review Questions......Page 328 References......Page 342 Index......Page 344 Globally, a wide variety of organizations rely on ERDAS IMAGINE (R) daily, including local, state and national mapping agencies, transportation departments, defense organizations, engineering and utility companies and many more.