Imaging in Oncological Urology

Thepastdecadehasseendramaticadvances inurologyandimaging. Thesechangesareevident in improvements in laparoscopic surgery as well as in the emergence of multidetector CT, with multiplanar reformatting and FDG-PET-CT as routine imaging methods. The new minimally invasive procedures often require more exacting imaging as the surgeon does not have the same visual ?eld of view as was possible with open procedures. Thus, it is appropriate now to p- vide an update on imaging advances for the bene?t of urologists and radiologists alike. The increasing number of innovative imaging approaches to urologic tumors including CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and endoscopic imaging can be perplexing and lead to over- and underesti- tions of the capabilities of modern imaging on the part of those who interpret them and those who use the information they provide for patient management. There is a growing “exp- tations gap” between what is expected and what is possible that needs to be closed. While previous books have focused on the more common urologic tumors such as bladder, prostate, andkidneycancer,nonehasattemptedacomprehensivereviewofthestateoftheartofimaging in most of the tumors involved in urologic oncology. Imaging in Urologic Oncology addresses these challenges. In the modern imaging department it is easy to forget how useful conventional plain rad- graphy can be in urologic diagnosis. Much of our current understanding of urologic disease is based on the “classic appearance” on intravenous urograms, cystograms, or retrograde pye- grams. Therefore, conventional imaging provides the ?rst “layer” in our understanding of u- logic tumors. The next layer is cross-sectional imaging. Front Matter....Pages I-XIX Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Adrenal Carcinoma: Introduction....Pages 3-3 Cross-Sectional Imaging of Adrenal Masses....Pages 5-27 Adrenal Carcinoma – Radionuclide Imaging....Pages 29-42 Considerations: Imaging in Adrenal Carcinoma....Pages 43-43 Front Matter....Pages 45-45 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Introduction....Pages 47-51 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Conventional Imaging Techniques....Pages 53-60 Cross-Sectional Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma....Pages 61-83 Radionuclide Imaging in Renal Cell Carcinoma....Pages 85-104 Considerations: Imaging in Renal Cell Carcinoma....Pages 105-111 Front Matter....Pages 113-113 Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract....Pages 115-119 Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract: Introduction....Pages 121-144 Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract....Pages 145-154 Urothelial Cell Carcinoma in Upper Urinary Tract – Role of PET Imaging....Pages 155-160 Considerations: Imaging in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma....Pages 161-166 Front Matter....Pages 167-167 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Lower Urinary Tract: Introduction....Pages 169-175 Urothelial Cell Carcinoma in Lower Urinary Tract: Conventional Imaging Techniques....Pages 177-184 Cross-Sectional Imaging of the Lower Urinary Tract....Pages 185-199 Urothelial Cell Carcinoma in Lower Urinary Tract: Radionuclide Imaging....Pages 201-204 Considerations: Imaging in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Urinary Tract....Pages 205-208 Front Matter....Pages 209-209 Prostate Carcinoma: Introduction....Pages 211-219 Front Matter....Pages 209-209 Prostate Carcinoma: Conventional Imaging Techniques – Gray-Scale, Color, and Power Doppler Ultrasound....Pages 221-228 Prostate Carcinoma – Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques....Pages 229-247 Prostate Carcinoma: Radionuclide Imaging and PET....Pages 249-268 Considerations: Imaging in Prostate Cancer....Pages 269-276 Front Matter....Pages 277-277 Testicular Carcinoma: Introduction....Pages 279-281 Testicular Carcinoma – Conventional Imaging Techniques....Pages 283-286 Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques: The Use of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the Management of Germ Cell Tumors....Pages 287-303 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)....Pages 305-313 Considerations: Imaging in Testis Carcinoma....Pages 315-317 Front Matter....Pages 319-319 Penis Carcinoma: Introduction....Pages 321-333 Conventional Imaging in Penis Cancer....Pages 335-335 Cross-Sectional Imaging in Penis Cancer....Pages 337-345 Penis Carcinoma - Radionuclide Imaging and PET....Pages 347-352 Considerations: Imaging in Penis Carcinoma....Pages 353-360 Front Matter....Pages 361-361 Future Directions in Urological Imaging....Pages 363-364 Image-Guided Robotic Assisted Interventions....Pages 365-371 Future Directions – New Developments in Ultrasound....Pages 373-379 Future Directions – Contrast Media....Pages 381-393 Virtual Imaging....Pages 395-405 Optical Imaging and Diagnosis in Bladder Cancer....Pages 407-419 Front Matter....Pages 361-361 Elasticity Imaging....Pages 421-427 Future Directions....Pages 429-431 Back Matter....Pages 433-443 Annotation This book features significant changes witnessed in imaging in oncological conditions related to the bladder, prostate and kidneys and their impact. With prostate cancerbeing malignancy No. 1 in men and bladder cancer and renal cancer becoming more prominent, an increasing number of innovative treatments have become available that require better imaging including information on thelocation and extent of the tumors. Particularly in renal cell cancer an increasing number of small tumors are identified thatjustifies nefron sparing approaches such as cryosurgery and heat therapies, a prerequisite for which is an adequate follow-up, including imaging. The need for improved imaging is even bigger for prostate cancer as significant improvements have been made in TransRectal Ultrasound and MRI imaging for lymph node metastases. The sole focus of this book is on oncology in urology, mainly Ultrasound and MRI, with topics being organ oriented. The latest technologies on imaging are included, such as new development in ultrasound machines, ultrasound contrast media, MRI scanning, including MRI contrast agents, to better identify carcinomatous lesions and even lymph node metastases. Each chapter is finalized with Considerations, thus reflecting on the optimal imaging approach, providing an algorithm for imaging per disease entity, and according to the evidence-based chronological and diagnostic follow-up. Imaging in Oncological Urology is a state-of-the-art reference work on imaging in oncological urology for the urologist, radiologist and medical oncologist This book features significant changes witnessed in imaging in oncological conditions related to the bladder, prostate and kidneys and their impact. With prostate cancer being malignancy Number 1 in men and bladder cancer and renal cancer becoming more prominent, an increasing number of innovative treatments have become available that require better imaging including information on the location and extent of the tumors. Particularly in renal cell cancer an increasing number of small tumors are identified that justifies nefron sparing approaches such as cryosurgery and heat therapies, a prerequisite for which is an adequate follow-up, including imaging. The need for improved imaging is even bigger for prostate cancer as significant improvements have been made in TransRectal Ultrasound and MRI imaging for lymph node metastases. The sole focus of this book is on oncology in urology, mainly Ultrasound and MRI, with topics being organ oriented. The latest technologies on imaging are included, such as new development in ultrasound machines, ultrasound contrast media, MRI scanning, including MRI contrast agents, to better identify carcinomatous lesions and even lymph node metastases. Each chapter is finalized with 'Considerations', thus reflecting on the optimal imaging approach, providing an algorithm for imaging per disease entity, and according to the evidence-based chronological and diagnostic follow-up. Imaging in Oncological Urology is a state-of-the-art reference work on imaging in oncological urology for the urologist, radiologist and medical oncologist Jean J.m.c.h. De La Rosette ... [et Al.], Editors ; Forewords By Peter L. Choyke And John M. Fitzpatrick. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.