Implementing and Leveraging Blockchain Programming (Blockchain Technologies)

This book gives a comprehensive overview of blockchain programming and its implementation in the wide range of blockchain-based applications such as cross-border payment, digital banking, and digital identities. The consistent thrive of the blockchain phenomenon and the ecosystem of e-business use cases have led to the Industrial Revolution in the e-business world, and it is demonstrated in this book. The digital advancement, interference, and transformation being brought through the influence of the blockchain advancements are creating waves across e-business verticals. The book caters to academics, industrial practitioners, and entrepreneurs working in the field of blockchain technology and programming. Contents 6 Introduction to Cryptography in Blockchain 8 1 What is Cryptography? 8 2 Types of Encryption and Decryption Algorithms 11 3 Secure Hash Algorithms 15 4 Cryptography in Blockchain 19 4.1 Secure Hash Algorithm 19 4.2 Public-Key Cryptography 20 4.3 Digital Signature 22 5 How to Implement Cryptography Using Java 25 5.1 Symmetric Encryption 26 5.2 Asymmetric Encryption 28 5.3 Key Storage 29 5.4 Digital Signatures 29 6 Blockchain Block Hashing 31 7 Blockchain Hashcode Using Java 34 8 Creation of Block and Hashes Using Java 34 9 Create a Blockchain 39 References 40 Quantum-Safe Cryptography and Security 42 1 Overview 42 2 Scope and Purpose 44 2.1 What is Cryptography? 44 2.2 What is Quantum Computing? 45 2.3 What Quantum Computing Does Well? 45 2.4 What Does Quantum-Safe Mean? 45 3 Technology Survey––What's Currently “State of the Art?” 46 3.1 The Pervasiveness of the RSA and ECC in Various Security Protocols 47 4 Quantum-Safe Cryptography Primitives 47 4.1 Quantum Key Distribution 48 4.2 Working of Quantum Key Distribution 49 4.3 QKD Channel Authentication 50 4.4 QKD Protocols and Their Implementation 50 4.5 QKD in the Networks 51 5 Code-Based Cryptosystems 52 6 Lattice-Based Cryptosystems 52 7 Hash-Based Cryptosystems 52 8 Multivariate Cryptosystems 53 9 Comparison of the Classical and the Quantum Safe 53 10 Security Protocols: How We Can Upgrade 54 10.1 X.509 Certificates 54 10.2 Internet Key Exchange (IKE v2) 55 10.3 Transport Layer Security Version 1.2/S-MIME/SSH 56 11 Field of Applications and the User Cases 57 12 Field of Application 57 13 Economics of Quantum-Safe Cryptography 57 14 Conclusion 57 References 58 How Profitable Is Bitcoin Mining? 59 1 Hashing, Electricity, Difficulty Calculation, and Complexity 59 2 Introduction 60 2.1 Hash Rate 60 2.2 51% Attack 61 2.3 Consensus Algorithm 61 2.4 Peers 61 2.5 Compute 62 2.6 Electricity Cost 62 2.7 Threat from Quantum Computing 62 3 The Solution to the Double-Spending Problem 63 4 Value Creation in Bitcoin 63 5 Validation Using “E3 Model” 64 5.1 Measuring the Value Streams 65 6 Miner Sustainability Assessment 65 6.1 Data Collection 65 6.2 Value Flows 65 7 What’s the Problem? 67 8 Conclusion 68 References 68 Generative Adversarial Network-Based Visual-Aware Interactive Fashion Design Framework 69 1 Introduction 70 2 Related Works 72 3 Methodology 72 3.1 Dataset Collection 72 3.2 Augmentation 72 3.3 Preprocessing Techniques Used 72 4 Proposed Architecture 74 4.1 Proposed Discriminator Architecture 75 4.2 Proposed Generator Architecture 76 5 Results and Discussions 76 5.1 Experimental Setups 76 5.2 Experimental Results 77 6 Evaluation Metrics Results 77 6.1 Frechet Inception Distance 77 6.2 Perceptual Path Length 79 6.3 A Human Evaluation User Study 79 6.4 Human Evaluation Quality Assessments User Study 80 7 Conclusion and Future Work 81 7.1 Conclusion 81 7.2 Future Work 82 References 82 Plasma Chain and Blockchain Security Model 85 1 Introduction 85 1.1 Blockchain 85 1.2 Cryptocurrency 86 2 Role and Benefits of Blockchain Technology in Society 87 2.1 Benefits and Role of Blockchain 88 2.2 Ways in Which Blockchain Benefit Society 89 3 How Blockchain Maintain Security Model 90 4 Proof of Security Model in Blockchain 91 4.1 Blockchain Security in Telecom 92 4.2 Is the Blockchain Secure Even After This? 93 5 Blockchain Transaction Methods 93 5.1 Size of Blockchain for Transaction 94 6 Problems with Existing Public Chains 95 7 Plasma Network and Checking Point Layer 97 8 Incentivized Checkpointing 100 9 Block Rewards 100 10 Conclusion 100 References 100 Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Decentralized Applications: An Introduction 102 1 Introduction 103 2 Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers 103 2.1 Public Distributed Ledgers 104 2.2 Private Distributed Ledgers 105 2.3 Consortium Distributed Ledgers 105 3 A Step-by-Step Guide on How Blockchain Works 107 4 Smart Contracts and DApps 111 4.1 Smart Contract 111 4.2 Features and Benefits of Smart Contracts 111 4.3 Decentralized Applications (DApps) 112 5 Blockchain in Different Industry Sectors 113 5.1 Blockchain in Banking 113 5.2 Blockchain in Supply Chain 114 5.3 Blockchain in Health Care 114 5.4 Blockchain in Government Sector 115 6 Traditional Model Versus Blockchain 116 References 118 A Contingent of Blockchain-IoT - An Organized Review 120 1 Introduction 120 2 Main Process/Operations of Blockchain 122 3 Operations 123 4 Roles of Participants 123 5 Aspects of BC 124 6 3 D’s & 2 A’s and I of BC 124 7 Types of Blockchain 124 8 In the View of Industry’s Experts 125 9 Blockchain Infrastructures 125 10 Other Infrastructures 127 11 Design Space of BC 127 12 Enabling Technologies 128 13 IoT 128 14 Functional Components of IoT 128 15 5 ‘A’s and 3 ‘I’ s in IoT 129 16 BC-IoT Implementation 129 17 Difference Between the Platforms of Blockchain 134 18 Research Categories of Blockchain 134 References 136 A Secured Data Processing Model for Monitoring the Student’s Performance Using Decentralized Application 137 1 Introduction 138 2 Literature Review 138 3 Related Work 140 4 Working Flow 143 5 Experimental Setup on Blockchain Technique 143 6 Case Study is Made on student’s Data Set in the Training Session 146 7 Measuring the Grey Area on Training Data and Testing Data 147 8 Overall Performance of Each Student on Different Skill Sets 147 9 Conclusion 149 References 150 An Efficient Trust-Based Supply Chain Management Framework Utilizing the Internet of Things and Blockchain Technology 152 1 Introduction 152 2 Trust Performance Metrics 153 3 Factors Affecting IOT Trust 154 4 Factors Affecting Blockchain Trust 155 5 Factors Affecting Supply Chain Trust 157 6 An Efficient Trust-Based Supply Chain Management Framework 158 7 A Computational Model to Evaluate Product Status and Make Decisions 160 8 Conclusion 161 References 162 Blockchain Technology and Machine Learning for Fake News Detection 164 1 Introduction 164 2 Fake News Detection Terminology 166 3 Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Fake News Detection 166 4 Era of Blockchain Technology for Fake News Detection 169 5 Blueprint of FN Detection System 171 6 Conclusion 173 References 174 Using Blockchain-Based Attestation Architecture for Securing IoT 177 1 Introduction 178 2 Challenges 180 3 Blockchain Architecture 182 3.1 Smart Contract [11] 183 3.2 Ledger [10] 183 3.3 Cryptography [12] 184 3.4 Consensus [13] 185 3.5 Events [10] 185 4 Related Works 185 5 The Proposed Approach of Using IoT with Blockchain 186 6 Business Use Cases for Blockchain IoT Security 190 6.1 Smart Homes 190 6.2 Implementation of Security Fabric for IoT 191 7 Conclusion 191 References 192 The Forgotten Cryptocurrencies: Beyond Bitcoin 194 1 Introduction 194 2 Bitcoin Network 195 2.1 Tether 195 2.2 Bitcoin Cash 196 2.3 Litecoin 197 3 Ethereum Network 198 3.1 Chainlink 198 4 Ripple Network 199 4.1 XRP 199 4.2 Stellar 200 5 EOS Network 200 5.1 Telos 200 6 Conclusion 201 References 203 Decentralized Application for the Classification of Products Based on IPFS and Blockchain 205 1 Introduction 205 2 Theoretical Background 207 3 Application Modules 207 4 Database Model 208 5 General System Requirements 209 6 Functional Model Based on Use Cases 210 7 Architecture 211 8 Component Diagram 212 9 Deployment Diagram 213 10 Results 213 11 Conclusion 215 References 216