Interaction Competence

Frontpage Table of Contents Contributors Introduction: Methodological Issues and Recent Developments in the Study of Naturally Occurring Interaction (Psathas) Methodological Issues Member Competencies Applied Directions Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES REFERENCES The Preference for Self-Correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation (SJS) 1. Self- and other-correction. 2. Correction and repair; initiation and outcome. 2.1. The term "correction" 2.11. 2.12. 2.13. 2.2. "Self-repair" and "other-repair" 2.21. Self-repair can issue frorA self-initiation. 2.22. Self-repair can issue from other-initiation: 2.23. Other-repair can issue from self-initiation: 2.24. Other-repair can issue from other-initiation; 2.25. Failure can issue from self-initiation: 2.26. Failure can issue from other-initiation: 2.27. 3. Repair initiation by self and other. 3.1. Self- and other-initiations 3.11. Self-initiated repairs 3.12. Repair initiations by any other party o 3.2. Initiator techniques 3.21. Self-initiations within the same turn 3.22. Other-initiations 3.3. The courses or trajectories 3.4. 4. Relationship between self- and other-initiation of repair. 4.1. 4.11. Word replacement 4.12. Repairs on person references 4.13. Repairs of next-speaker selections 4.2. The placements of self-initiation and other-initiation 4.3. 5. Preference for self-correction. 5.1. 5.2. 5.21. Same-turn and transition-space self-initiations/self-repairs 5.22. The format for other-initiated repair 5.3. In sum 6. Some observations on other-correction. 6.1. 6.11. The other-correction may be downgraded 6.12. Some "other-corrections" are jokes 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 7. "Repair" as a phenomenon for linguistics and sociology. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES REFERENCES List-Construction as a Task and Resource (Jefferson) 1. A first observation is that many lists occur as three-part units. 2. A next observation is that three-partedness appears to have "programmatic relevance" for the construction of lists. 3. From time to time it can oriented-to task, implicates and is implicated by another order of phenomenon, the "poetics" of natural talk. 4. The programmatic relevance of three-part list constructions can be found to serve as a sequential resource. 5. The programmatic relevance of three-part list construction can be found to serve as an interactional resource. 6. A phenomenon which may be characterized as List Assimilation may be most simply stated as: A list can be constructed by more than one speaker Summary NOTES REFERENCES On Varieties of Closings (Button) I. Introduction II. Movements out of Closings and Varieties of Closing Types 1. Arrangements in first and second turn. 2. Solicitudes in first and second turn. 3. Appreciations in first and second turn. 4. Back-references in first and second turns. 5. Continuation of prior talk in first and second turns. 6. Question intoned first and second close components. 7. First turn response to prior utterance. 8. First turn announcements of closure. 9. First turn reason-for-call reiteration. 10. Misplaced first close component. 11. In-conversation objects in second turn. 12. Second turn no-response. 13. Foreshortening in first and second turn. 14. One further variant on the archetype closing III. Negotiating for Termination and Negotiating for Abandoning Closings 1. Displayed mutual orientation for termination resulting in termination 2. Mutually protracted closings resulting in termination. 3. Mutual displays ofavailability for conversation continuation. 4. One speaker displays availability for continued conversation other speaker immediately responds. 5. One speaker displays availability for continued conversation other speaker is unresponsive. 6. One speaker displays availability for continued conversation other speaker eventually responds. 7. One speaker continues conversation other speaker responds. 8. One speaker continues conversation other speaker goes for closing resulting in termination. 9. One speaker continues conversation other speaker goes for closing resulting in continuation. IV. Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES REFERENCES Modifications of Invitations, Offers and Rejections (Davidson) I. Introduction II. Revised or Modified Invitations and Offers A. Post-invitation silence as possible pre-rejection. B. Post-invitation rejection. C. Revisions or modifications following weak agreements. D. Extension of invitation or offer beyond first possible completion point. III. Revised or Modified Rejections E. Rejection finalizers. F. Post-rejection revised invitations and offers. G. Post-rejection silence. I. Extension of rejection past first possible sentence completion point. J. Weak agreements post a rejection. IV. Summary NOTES REFERENCES TRANSCRIPT SOURCES Elementary Properties of Argument Sequences (Coulter) The Data Assertoric Sequences in Arguments Latching into Argument Sequences Two Variants on the Assertoric Format for Arguments The Contrastively-Matched Counter Categorical "Open Texture" as an Argumentative Resource Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES REFERENCES The Organization of Talk, Gaze, and Activity in a Medical Interview (Psathas) The Organization of Gaze I. Within speaker's turn II. At turn-transition spaces III. Within turn-transition spaces Uses of Gaze I. Establishing an object's relevance II. To direct the other's gaze The Organization of Talk, Gaze, and.Activity Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES REFERENCES Talking in Interviews: A Dispreference for Patient-Initiated Questions in Physician-Patient Encounters (Frankel) A Characterization of the Problem Theoretical Considerations Data Analysis Types of Patient Initiated Utterances 1. Sequentially modified questions. 2. Patient initiated questions in response to solicits. 3. Patien t initiations at boundaries marked by announcement. 4. Patient initiations at boundaries marked by interruption. Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES REFERENCES Some Features of the Elicitation of Confessions in Murder Interrogations (Watson) Knowledge Claims and Their Organization Confessions and Story Format Persuasion, Power and the Interrogation Format Knowledge and the Assessment of Conduct DATA APPENDIX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES REFERENCES Appendix: Transcription Symbols (Psathas) I. Sequencing 1. Simultaneous utterances 2. Overlap A. Beginning of overlap B. End of overlap 3. Latching or contiguous utterances A. Latching with change of speakers B. Latching by more than one speaker C. Latching at end of overlapped speech D. Latching within same speaker's talk E. Latching as a transcript convenience II. Timed intervals, within and between utterances 1. Numbers in parentheses A. One alternative is to use dashes within parentheses. B. A second alternative is the use of plus markers within paren• theses. 2. Untimed micro-intervals A. A dot within parentheses 3. Untimed intervals oflonger length III. Characteristics of speech production 1. Sound stretch 2. Sound cut-off 3. Intonation A. A period indicates a stopping fall in tone. B. A comma indicates a continuing intonation, e.g., the kind of falling-rising contour one finds after items in a list. C. Question mark indicates a rising intonation. D. Upward or downward pointing arrows mark rising or falling shifts in intonation immediately prior to the rise or fall. E. Exclamation point indicates an animated tone. 4. Emphasis 5. Pitch A. Word stressed but with no change in pitch: B. Pitch drop: C. Pitch rise: 6. Volume- loudness or softness A. Upper case letters are used to indicate increased volume. B. A degree sign is used to show a passage of talk which has a noticeably lower volume than the surrounding talk. IV. Aspiration-audible inhalation and exhalation 1. Outbreath 2. lnbreath 3. Plosive aspiration as in laughter, breathlessness or crying is indicated by placing the h in parentheses. V. Transcriptionist doubt VI. Verbal descriptions VII. Presentation conventions 1. Arrows 2. Ellipses 3. Numbering NAME INDEX SUBJECT INDEX ABOUT THE AUTHOR